莎士比亞的名言:「To thine own self be true」(做真實的自己)被很多人奉為圭臬,但是——
「自我」真的存在嗎?
個體如何獲得並發展其「自我」呢?
「自我」之於個體有何用處?
文化會對「自我」產生什麼樣的影響?
「自我」的生物學機制是什麼?
為北師大高年級本科生開設「自我心理學」這門選修課的目的就是為了嘗試回答以上這些問題,具體設計以理論思考為「經」,以實證研究為「緯」,同時追蹤最新的研究進展,讓學生全面而深入地了解「自我心理學」研究的歷史、理論、方法以及成果。
但上課時間、空間終歸有限,自我探索卻是一個貫穿一生、由淺入深、跌宕起伏的歷程,推薦一些書,既可作為課上的參考書,也可陪伴課下度過思考與自我相關之問題。
可以作為教材的一本書
提升思想深度的十本書
自我心理學之父
精神分析流派
人本主義流派
社會學視野
拓展實踐廣度的四本書
當今最有影響力的九位自我心理學家
個人簡介
實驗室網址
一篇代表作
自我心理學家聯盟
學會——ISSI
會刊——Self and Identity
可以作為教材的一本書
第一版 第二版
《自我》
[美] 喬納森·布朗(Brown JonathonD.)著;陳浩鶯 等譯;彭凱平 校
推薦語:詳細地總結了多年來自我心理學研究積累的理論、概念、方法和結論性的內容,是學習自我心理學的入門必備書。
自我心理學之父
心理學原理
[美] 威廉·詹姆斯(William James)著
推薦語:首次全面而細緻地闡述了與自我意識相關的一系列心理現象,為當代自我心理學研究奠定了至今難以超越的基礎。
精神分析流派
自卑與超越 [What Life Should Mean To You]
[奧地利] 阿爾弗雷德.阿德勒著;曹晚紅譯
推薦語:請注意本書的英文名字,看似與中文名字相去甚遠。實則,中文名字更加直指人心。很多學者認為,阿德勒是一位被嚴重低估了的心理學家,我們一直在予取予求地使用著他提出的多個概念——如生活風格,社會興趣,創造性自我,出生順序,卻很少將貢獻歸於他。
自我與自性
[瑞士]C.G.榮格 著;趙翔 譯
推薦語:所謂自性是促使個體的人向完整性前進的動力。榮格的理論是神秘而充滿誘惑力的。學過心理學的人,很難不被他的書所吸引。
我們內心的衝突
[美]卡倫·霍妮 著
推薦語:卡倫·霍妮是一位少有的、優秀的、女性精神分析思想家,霍妮的事業成功表明,女性心理學家既要有像男性心理學家一樣的思想深度,又要保持女性獨特的洞察力,才有可能脫穎而出。
人本主義流派
論人的成長
[美] 卡爾·羅傑斯 著
推薦語:歐文•亞龍作序力薦:「熟知羅傑斯者,皆知其療法既深刻又靈活。」羅傑斯是人本主義視角下自我心理學研究的集大成者,他所提出的自我真實性的概念至今是個熱點問題。
人的自我尋求
[美] 羅洛·梅著;郭本禹,方紅 譯
推薦語:羅洛·梅的書貴在通俗易懂,他的書道出了人類共同的困惑與悲哀,讀者可以從他的書中感到從未有過的、巨大的、被人理解的感覺。
活出生命的意義
[美] 弗蘭克爾 著
推薦語:弗蘭克爾的生平已經足夠精彩,讓人震撼!這本書更可以讓讀者學會從自己平凡的痛苦中挖掘出獨特的精彩。
社會學視野
日常生活中的自我呈現
[美] 歐文·戈夫曼,周怡 著
推薦語:本書是「人生及舞臺」以及「何謂真正的社會心理學家」的最佳注釋。
心靈、自我與社會
[美] 米德(Mead G.H.)著;趙月瑟 譯
推薦語:很多名家思想的價值是在其去世後才被逐漸發現的,米德便是一例。米德生前從未出版過著作,他的經典性著作《心靈、自我與社會》是由他的學生根據他的講稿彙編而成,並於1934年他去世後出版的。
自我歸類論
[澳] 約翰·特納等 著;楊宜音 等 譯
推薦語:約翰·特納歐洲社會心理學界最有影響的學者之一。他與亨利·泰弗爾(Henri Tajfel)一同創立了社會認同論,並發展出自我歸類論。他的研究興趣涉及群際關係、心理群體和群體過程的本質、自我概念等。
實踐指南
心理學與個人成長
[美] 克裡(Gerald Corey)著;王曉波 譯
推薦語:一本內容豐富,極具操作性的自我提升操作指南。內容涵蓋回顧童年、獨立、身體與健康、應對壓力、愛、親密關係、理想、性、工作、孤獨、死亡、人生意義與價值等多個豐富主題。
自我訓練:改變焦慮和抑鬱的習慣
[美] 約瑟夫·J.盧斯亞尼 著;曾早壘 譯
推薦語:James說,行為塑造習慣,習慣塑造人生。所以,改變人生,從訓練自己的行為開始。
你的誤區:如何擺脫負面思維掌控你的生活
[美] 戴爾;崔京瑞,王南 譯
推薦語:如作者言,人類似乎是唯一能使自己變得神經不正常的動物,換言之,人類常常自尋煩惱。讀懂這本書,也便找到了自我煩惱的根源。
當今最有影響力的九位自我心理學家
Professor Constantine Sedikides
可以說,Sedikides教授是和中國學者合作發表文章最多的一位西方心理學家,曾先後多次到中國交流和講學。Sedikides教授於1988年獲得美國俄亥俄州立大學社會心理學博士學位,先後任教於美國威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校、北卡萊羅那大學教堂山分校,現為英國南安普敦大學心理學院自我與認同中心主任、教授,英國社會科學院院士。Sedikides教授主要研究領域為自我與自我認同,重點關注自我積極性及其維護,是該領域的開拓者和領導者之一,共出版11本獨著或合著,發表近250篇學術論文,獲得過多項學術獎項。他也是2017年ISSI頒發的Distinguished Lifetime Career Award一獎的獲得者。
實驗室網址:https://www.southampton.ac.uk/~crsi/constantineprofile
代表作:Sedikides, C., & Brewer, M. B. (2001). Individual self, relational self, collective self. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
Roy F. Baumeister (born May 16, 1953) is a social psychologist who is known for his work on the self, social rejection, belongingness, sexuality and sex differences, self-control, self-esteem, self-defeating behaviors, motivation, aggression, consciousness, and free will.
Baumeister then taught at Case Western Reserve University for over two decades. He later worked at Florida State University. In 2016 he moved to the School of Psychology at the University of Queensland in Australia.
實驗室網址:https://psy.fsu.edu/~baumeisterticelab/
代表作:Gailliot, M., Baumeister, R., DeWall, C., Maner, J., Plant, E., Tice, D., & Schmeichel, B. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 325-336.
William B. Swann (born 1952) is a professor of social and personality psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. He is primarily known for his work on identity, self and self-esteem, but has also done research on relationships, social cognition, group processes, accuracy in person perception and interpersonal expectancy effects.
實驗室網址:https://labs.la.utexas.edu/swann/
代表作:Swann, W. B., Jr. (2012). Self-verification theory. In P. Van Lange, A. Kruglanski, & E.T. Higgins (Eds.) pp 23-42. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, Sage: London.
Naomi I. Eisenberger (born in San Francisco) is a psychologist and professor known for her research in the fields of social psychology. Eisenberger was the 2012 winner of the IUPsyS Young Investigator Award in Applied Science and the 2013 winner of the APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. Eisenberger is known for her research on the neural bases of social pain and social connection.
實驗室網址:https://sanlab.psych.ucla.edu/
代表作:Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., Williams, K. D., (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290-292.
Mark Richard Leary, Ph.D. (born November 29, 1954) is a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina). Leary's research has spanned the topics of the self and identity (social science), self-esteem, interpersonal motivation and emotion, need to belong, and self-compassion.
He is well known for developing the sociometer theory, an interpersonal explanation for variations in self-esteem within individuals. This theory suggests people have an internal measure of social acceptance (or rejection) which determines state self-esteem; unhealthy levels of state self-esteem encourage changes in affect, behavior, and/or cognition in order to regain social acceptance.
實驗室網址:https://people.duke.edu/~leary/index.html
代表作:Leary, M. R.; Tambor, E. S.; Terdal, S. K.; Downs, D. L. (1995). "Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis". Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. 68. 3: 518–530.
Kristin Neff is an associate professor in the University of Texas at Austin's department of educational psychology. She created the Self-compassion Scales. The long scale consists of 26 items and the short scale consists of 12 items. She has been credited with conducting the first academic studies into self-compassion.
實驗室網址:http://self-compassion.org/about/
代表作:Neff, K. D. (2003a). "The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion". Self and Identity 2(3): 223–250.
Hazel Rose Markus (born 1949) is a social psychologist and a pioneer in the field of cultural psychology. She is the Davis-Brack Professor in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in Stanford, California, where she also co-directs the Mind, Culture, and Society Lab and Stanford SPARQ: Social Psychological Answers to Real-world Questions. Her research interests include culture, ethnicity, self, identity formation, emotion, gender, and motivation.
實驗室網址:http://web.stanford.edu/~hazelm/
代表作:Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253
Edward L. Deci (Right) is a Professor of Psychology and Gowen Professor in the Social Sciences at the University of Rochester, and director of its human motivation program. He is well known in psychology for his theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs. With Richard Ryan (Left), he is the co-founder of self-determination theory (SDT), an influential contemporary motivational theory. Self-determination theory is a macro theory of human motivation that differentiates between autonomous and controlled forms of motivation; the theory has been applied to predict behavior and inform behavior change in many contexts including: education, health care, work organizations, parenting, and sport (as well as many others).
實驗室網址:http://selfdeterminationtheory.org/
代表作:Deci, Edward L.; Ryan, Richard M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
自我心理學家聯盟
網址:http://www.issiweb.org/