一、動詞不定式與-ING分詞的區別
1. 作賓語時,-ING分詞表示抽象的、一般性或習慣性的和連續性的動作,而不定式則表示某次具體動作,特別是將來的動作
I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.
1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.
[A] cheating [B] to cheat [C] be cheated [D] being cheated
2) News of success keeps in.
[A] pouring [B] to pour [C] poured [D] to be pouring
3) Long [A] before the dawn [B] of recorded [C] history, humans celebrated to harvest [D] their crops.
2. 作定語時,-ING表示正在進行的動作,用-ING的完成時表示動作的完成;不定式表示未來發生
4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.
[A] having launched [B] to have launched [C] to launch [D] launched
5) The applicants interviewing [A] are required to [B] bring all the necessary papers [C] two days later [D] .
6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves [A] occasionally contain [B] enough hydrocyanic acid killing [C] livestock(牲畜) [D] .
3. 當謂語動詞是進行時的時候,用不定式而不用-ING分詞作賓語
It』’s beginning to snow you. It starts raining.
I』’m considering how to go(where to go, what to do). I considered emplying Mr.Wang but
decided that Mr.Chen was more suited
to the job.
4. 在remember,forget等詞後,如果跟-ING分詞,表示-ING分詞的動作發生在主要謂語之前;如果跟不定式則表示不定式的動作發生在主要謂語動作之後
I remember telling her that last night. ("告訴"發生在"記得"之前) He remembered to tell her that when she
came back. ("記得"發生在"告訴"之前)
I』’m sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主語動詞表示的動作"忘記"發生在不定式表
示的動作"給帶口信"之前) Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot giving the message last night. (-ING分詞 表示的動作"給帶口信"發生在謂語動詞表示的動作"忘記"之前)
5. stop, go on和leave off之後跟接動詞不定式和-ING分詞所表達的意義有所不同
They stopped (talking) to work. [停下(其他動作)來工作]
They stopped working. [停下工作(來幹其他動作)]
Workers went on discussing the problem. [工人繼續討論這一問題]
Workers went on to discuss the problem.[工人們停下來其他事,繼續討論這一問題]
He left off writing.[他停下寫作(去幹其他事)]
He left off to write.[他停下(其他事)來寫作]
6. … used to後跟不定式和-ING分詞,後跟不定式有兩種情況:一種是used to是固定用法表示"過去經常幹……";另外一種情況是use的被動詞態"be used"後跟不定式;後跟-ING分詞的情況有一種,那就是當used to中的used是形容詞時,to後跟名詞或-ING分詞