我們正在精讀國外經典骨科書籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要對於骨科英文形成系統認識，為以後無障礙閱讀英文文獻打下基礎，請持續關注。
獲取本書全本內容>請掃描文末二維碼，關注公眾號並回復「骨折肌肉學」。
中國十大名師之一賴世雄老師說過，學習英語沒有捷徑，少就是多，快就是慢。不要以量取勝，把一個音標、一個單詞、一段對話、一篇文章徹底搞透，慢慢積累，你會發現，你並不比每天走馬觀花的輸入大量英文學的差。
Infection
In open injuries, and following internal fixation, there is always a risk of infection. Prophylactic antibiotics and careful attention to the principles of fracture surgery should keep the incidence below 2 per cent. If the bone does become infected, the patient should be treated as for an acute osteomyelitis. Antibiotic treatment may suppress the infection until the fracture unites, at which time the femoral nail can be removed and the canal reamed and washed out. However, if there is pus or a sequestrum, a more radical approach is called for: the wound is explored, all dead and infected tissue is removed and the nail as well; the canal is reamed and washed out and the fracture is then stabilized by an external fixator. Replacement of the external fixator by another intramedullary nail can be risky, and much depends of the nature of the infecting organism (its sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics), the length of time during which the infection has been present and the quality of the surgical debridement.
The long-term management of chronic osteomyelitis is discussed in Chapter 2.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重點詞彙整理：
Prophylactic antibiotics and careful attention to the principles of fracture surgery should keep the incidence below 2 per cent.
預防性使用抗生素，並注意骨折手術的原則，可以將（骨感染的）發生率控制在2%以下。
Prophylactic /ˌproʊfəˈlæktɪk/n. 預防性藥物（或器具、措施）；預防法；避孕用具adj. 預防性的，預防疾病的
Prophylactic antibiotics預防性應用抗生素
acute osteomyelitis急性骨髓炎
chronic osteomyelitis慢性骨髓炎
suppress /səˈpres/vt. 抑制；鎮壓；廢止
suppress the infection抑制感染
pus /pʌs/n. 膿；膿汁
sequestrum /sɪˈkwestrəm/n. 腐骨片；[外科] 死骨
radical approach 激進的方法
external fixator外固定支架
surgical debridement.外科清創術
/di'bri:dmənt/n. [外科] 清創術；擴創術；創傷切開法
chronic osteomyelitis慢性骨髓炎
百度翻譯：
感染
在開放性損傷和內固定術後，總是有感染的風險。預防性使用抗生素和注意骨折手術的原則，應將發病率控制在2%以下。如果骨頭確實感染了，病人應該被當作急性骨髓炎來治療。抗生素治療可以抑制感染，直到骨折癒合，這時可以取出股骨釘，擴孔和衝洗根管。然而，如果有膿液或死骨，則需要更徹底的方法：探查傷口，取出所有死亡和感染的組織，同時取出指甲；將椎管擴孔並衝洗乾淨，然後用外固定器固定骨折。用另一個髓內釘替換外固定器是有風險的，這在很大程度上取決於感染微生物的性質（對抗生素的敏感性或耐藥性）、感染持續時間的長短以及手術清創的質量。
慢性骨髓炎的長期治療在第二章討論。
獲取本書全本內容>掃描以下二維碼，關注公眾號並回復「骨折肌肉學」。