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最新的ted的一個荷蘭學者對貧窮和所謂的「富人思維」進行了一個很有意思的演講，目前還沒有中文字幕，我把主要內容大體翻譯一下（注意，不是嚴謹地翻譯），《貧窮不是性格缺陷，就是缺錢而已》，裡面涉及到了所謂的窮人和富人思維，看看學術界怎麼看所謂的「窮人缺陷的」。
Why do the poor make so many poor decisions? I know it's a harsh question, but take a look at the data. The poor borrow more, save less, smoke more, exercise less, drink more and eat less healthfully. Why? well, the standard explanation was once summed up by the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. And she called poverty "a personality defect."
為什麼窮人會做很多的昏庸的決定？窮人借的多，存的少，吸菸多，運動少，喝得多，吃得差。為什麼？柴契爾夫人有一個標準答案，就是她所說的 「貧窮是一個人格缺陷。」
「 Some of you may believe that the poor should be held responsible for their own mistakes. And others may argue that we should help them to make better decisions. But the underlying assumption is the same: there's something wrong with them. If we could just change them, if we could just teach them how to live their lives, if they would only listen. And to be honest, this was what I thought for a long time. It was only a few years ago that I discovered that everything I thought I knew about poverty was wrong.」
你們有些人或許會認為窮人應該為自己的錯誤負責，另外一部分人會想，我們應該幫助窮人做更好的決定。這兩個都有一個一樣的潛在的前提，就是認為：窮人自己肯定有毛病。（這個說法和這個題目是一樣的：富人肯定有窮人不具備的思維，窮人肯定有思維缺陷）我以前也是這麼想的，但是幾年前我發現我關於貧窮的一切認識都是錯的。
下面舉了一個例子。
You should know that these farmers collect about 60 percent of their annual income all at once, right after the harvest. This means that they're relatively poor one part of the year and rich the other. The researchers asked them to do an IQ test before and after the harvest. What they subsequently discovered completely blew my mind. The farmers scored much worse on the test before the harvest. The effects of living in poverty, it turns out, correspond to losing 14 points of IQ. Now, to give you an idea, that's comparable to losing a night's sleep or the effects of alcoholism.
印度種糖的農民，豐收後一次收穫全年60%的收入，在拿到這筆前後分別對他們進行IQ測試，發現在拿到錢之前，他們的IQ得分比拿到錢之後，下降了14分！
A few months later, I heard that Eldar Shafir, a professor at Princeton University and one of the authors of this study, was coming over to Holland, where I live. So we met up in Amsterdam to talk about his revolutionary new theory of poverty. And I can sum it up in just two words: scarcity mentality. It turns out that people behave differently when they perceive a thing to be scarce. And what that thing is doesn't much matter — whether it's not enough time, money or food.
和普林斯頓大學教授 Eldar Shafir討論過之後，作者總結了貧窮的根本原因：scarcity mentality （匱乏心態）。當人們處於匱乏狀態的時候，行為模式會發生很大的改變。缺乏什麼並不重要，不管是時間，錢還是食物的缺乏。
George Orwell, one of the greatest writers who ever lived, experienced poverty firsthand in the 1920s. "The essence of poverty," he wrote back then, is that it "annihilates the future." And he marveled at, quote, "How people take it for granted they have the right to preach at you and pray over you as soon as your income falls below a certain level."
喬治奧威爾，曾經經歷過貧窮。關於貧窮，他是這麼寫的：貧窮的本質就是，沒有未來（annihilate：簡單可以理解為消滅）。一旦你的收入掉入一定水平之下，人們就會理所當然地來對你進行說教，且表示幫你禱告。（就是富人的思維說教，以及假意的仁慈）。
所以，所謂的富人思維不是富的原因，而是有錢之後的結果。同樣，所謂的窮人思維，不是貧窮的原因，是稀缺壓力折磨的結果。
解決問題的關鍵在於，如何讓窮人跳出貧窮的境遇。演講的後半部分訴諸於社會福利政策的改革，提供外力，給窮人最基本的生活教育保障，讓他們不再被這種所貧窮折磨。
這個，大概估計大部分人並不關心，大家關心的是，我現在窮沒那麼有錢，我又沒有外力，我要怎麼辦？
可以做的就是，儘量排除匱乏狀態對你產生的負面壓力。努力工作攢點錢，在沒有解決匱乏心態的時候，不要做把你進一步拉入更匱乏的漩渦裡的事情。
比如，不要迷信富人思維，認為自己窮是因為有缺陷，智商低，從而進一步加深自己的匱乏感和壓力感。而成功學做的就是這個生意，賣的就是窮人的匱乏感。
克服了這個副作用，大概就是拋棄了貧窮思維吧。
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