海澱區高三年級第二學期期末練習英語
2019.05
本試卷共10頁，共120分。考試時長100分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束後，將答題紙交回。
2019年海澱高三二模英語評析
東城區重點示範校 劉凱老師
1、試卷整體分析
此次高三英語二模練習，簡單概括為：一「舊」，兩「新」。
一「舊」：即指試題難度總體與往年持平，沒有太大差異，符合最近幾年高考命題難度的總趨勢。
兩「新」：第一「新」，即指試題題型有所變化，刪掉了原來的單項選擇，增加了「語法填空」這一新題型，這也是此次二模練習與往年最大的不同；第二「新」是指，本次練習試題更富有時代氣息，尤其是閱讀理解、書面表達，緊緊圍繞高考考試說明的命題方向。
題型分析：
語法填空：共有三個文段，每個文段含3-4個空格，共10個空格，考查動詞時態、語態，非謂語動詞，定語從句，名詞從句，名詞，形容詞，介詞等語法。作為新題型，本次練習延續了「新題型不難」這一定律，甚至可以說非常簡單。
第一部分：知識運用（共兩節，45分）
第一節語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分, 共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
To me, the most beautiful thing is the ocean. It is beautiful because it has a calming effect. When 1 (listen) to the sound of the waves, I feel peaceful. 2 the age of 10, I went to the beach for the first time. With my feet in the water, I felt totally relaxed, and the sound of the ocean really 3 (comfort)me. From then on, I often dream of floating in the ocean, feeling care free.
B
Discovering yourself plays 4 important role in inspiring your confidence. By doing so, you could know 5 you are weak in. And you may also realize you’re quite a great person with great strengths. So when you’re in a hard situation, you will believe in 6 (you) and spend the most difficult time with confidence. Otherwise you may give up and then lose everything. Therefore, the ability 7 (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.
C
The year 2018 marks the 40thanniversary of China’s reform and opening-up. The past four decades has seen China shift its society from a farmers』 community toa digital culture 8 (successful). Under the leadership of CPC, many 9 (achievement) can be seen in every field. The life of the Chinese people has improved, with millions of people being lifted out of poverty. The country now has the world’s 10 (large) high-speed rail network. And with around 800 million Internet users, China has become the world’s fastest-growing online shopping market.
參考答案：
第一部分：知識運用（共兩節，45分）
第一節 語法填空（共1小題；每小題1.5分，共15分
listening 2.At 3. comforted 4. an
5. what 6. yourself
7. to trust 8. successfully
9. achievements 10. largest
注意：第2小題首字母小寫得1分；第6小題yourselves也得1.5分。
第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
I was studying chemistry at college because my family thought it was the key to success. One day, my professor took me aside and asked a very simple question, 「Why are you in my class when it’s obvious that you have little or no 11 in chemistry?」
I came up with an explanation by 12 pressure from my dad, but he knew it was justa an 13 excuse. He gave me the following advice.
「Success can only be measured by oneself, and each of us is 14 . Your success will not be the same as mine, as your neighbor’s or your parents』. There is no secret formula(公式), no examination you have to 15 , and no guarantee, but there is a secret in gredient— 16 . To be successful in life in the broadest sense, you must pursue your passion. 17 it is fixing cars or exploring the world, you must be passionate about your 18 and set a path to achieve it. Only then will you find true 19 .」
Since I was just nineteen years old, that was pretty profound advice to 20 , but I knew instinctively (本能地) that he was 21 .I made a conscious self-examination of my short life to 22 where my passion was hiding. It was so 23 that even my kid sister could have told me my true passion was music. It was in my genes. I could play the piano by ear, but had 24 considered music as a hobby.
I’m now fifty-four years old, and a very happy and 28 man. As I look at the walls of my small office, I still get a thrill at seeing the records I 29 ,the photos of the famous musicians I was lucky enough to play with, and the praises from many of the finest instrumentalists in the world who I am honored to call my friends.Could I be a successful musician?Or a song writer? Or a music critic? There was only one way to find out, so I took my professor’s 25 and switched to the university’s music school. I studied harmony and composition, learned how to play a clarinet(單簧管) and 26 the symphony orchestra. I felt as though I was on top of the world, and that 27 has never left me.
Life was a long journey, and not a/an 30 one, but I followed my passion and succeeded.
完形填空：
相較往年，本次練習完形填空難度不小，對程度一般、甚至中等的學生而言，甚至可以說非常難。具體有三大原因：
1、從文章類型上看，此次篇章雖為記敘文，但是含有較多的抒情片段，對於習慣了「以故事情節為主、抒情為輔」的這樣「一明一暗」雙線索的同學們而言，無形增加了試題分析的難度。
2、從文章內容上看，此次篇章中出現了若干生僻詞彙，有幾處還是解題的關鍵線索，因此對於學生解題造成了消極影響。
3、從選項方面來看，熟詞生義作為考查重點仍然存在，從某種程度上加大了試題難度。
上述三大因素，決定了本次練習的完形填空對有較大的區分度，程度好的學生或許能夠全對，但是也會有學生錯得比較多。
11. A. achievement B. doubt
C. interest D.belief
12. A. blaming B. gathering
C. overcoming D. reducing
13. A. accurate B. weak
C. direct D. innocent
14. A. different B.perfect
C. honest D.creative
15. A. design B. pass
C.control D. stand
16. A. knowledge B.confidence
C. passion D. effort
17. A. Unless B. Because
C.While D. Whether
18. A. study B. need
C.goal D. gift
19. A. fortune B. friendship
C.characterD. happiness
20. A. confirm B. absorb
C. remember D. seek
21. A. sensitive B. generous
C.kind D. right
22. A. choose B. report
C.discover D. follow
23. A. likely B. obvious
C. popular D.practical
24. A. only B. even
C. never D. seldom
25. A. message B.lecture
C. advice D. view
26. A. helped B. started
C. hosted D. joined
27. A. feeling B. experience
C.expression D. appreciation
28. A. independent B.patient
C. brave D. contented
29. A. bought B. made
C. received D. copied
30. A. easy B. good
C. ordinary D. safe
參考答案：
第二節 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B
16. C 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
21. D 22. C 23. B 24.A 25. C
26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，40分）
第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
閱讀理解：
本次練習閱讀理解總體不難，無論是常規閱讀的前四篇，還是後面的七選五閱讀，但是個別題目的幹擾項還是需要仔細分析、辨別一番。此外，以下兩點需要注意：
1、題目類型：沒有出現「標題類」、「篇章結構類」主旨大意題，推理類題目明顯增多，對學生的信息理解、提取以及概括能力的考查有所增加。
2、文章難度：總體不大，僅有個別長難句考生容易產生困擾。
3、選項難度：「文章不難選項難」，這是海澱一模的一貫特點。本次練習亦不例外，部分選項區分度小，極具欺騙性。
A
Everyone at Pacsafe is always eager to get out in the world and enjoy new cultures, food, and experiences. With that inmind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations for 2019. They also included their favorite Pacsafe bag to take on the trip. Enjoy and hopefully get some ideas for your own globe-trotting adventure.
Pacsafe的每個人都渴望到外面的世界去，享受新的文化、食物和體驗。考慮到這一點，我們詢問了一些最熱門的旅行目的地，請它們給出2019年最佳旅行目的地的建議。他們還帶上了他們最喜歡的安全包。享受你的環球旅行，並希望得到一些想法。
Sri Lanka---Alison Hanko, Global Marketing Director
I’m going to Sri Lanka this summer holiday and can’t wait. It’s close to Hong Kong where I live and I』ve always wanted to go. The food is supposed to be amazing. It seems really relaxing and I really want to do the Kandy to Badulla train ride, which looks just stunning. We』ve booked a good mix of beaches, some time in a safari tent to hopefully see elephants in the wild.
For my bag, I』ll most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the built-in wet pack for my bikinis. It’s also a great size for a week-long trip in a warm climate.
斯裡蘭卡——Alison Hanko，全球市場總監
這個暑假我要去斯裡蘭卡，等不及了。它離我住的香港很近，我一直想去。食物應該很好吃。它看起來真的很放鬆，我真的想做康提到巴杜拉的火車旅行，看起來非常棒。我們已經預訂了一個很好的海灘組合，有時在狩獵帳篷裡，希望能在野外看到大象。
我的包，我很可能會採取Quiksilver 40L包，因為它有內置溼包為我的比基尼。對於在溫暖的氣候下進行為期一周的旅行來說，這也是一個很好的尺寸。
Japan---Ben Barras, Creative Director
Japan is definitely my best travel destination recommendation. The culture, the streets, the architecture, the inspiration you get from all of that is amazing. The food is also fascinating.It’s where I’m most planning to go. Tokyo obviously, but also visiting the mountains. You can go snow boarding, which I haven’t done for years.
I have a Vibe 25L Backpack which you can pack a lot in. The thing I like most about it is that it’s compact, but still fits plenty in. I』ll pair that up with a larger travel bag for the rest of my things and use the backpack to get around day to day.
日本——本·巴拉斯(Ben Barras)，創意總監
日本絕對是我最好的旅遊目的地推薦。那裡的文化、街道、建築，以及你從中獲得的靈感都是驚人的。食物也很吸引人。這是我最打算去的地方。東京很明顯，但也參觀了高山。你可以去玩滑雪板，我已經好幾年沒玩了。
我有一個Vibe 25L背包，你可以裝很多。我最喜歡它的地方是它很小巧，但仍然很合身。我會把它和一個更大的旅行袋放在一起，用來裝我的其他東西，然後用這個背包每天四處走動。
Berlin---Phil Hayes, Executive VP of Global Design
For me, it’s definitely Berlin. I’m particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art galleries and history. Food, night life. Everything I』ve heard about Berlin is pretty cool, so I’m going to suck as much as I can out of it. World’s Global Style Network had the Berlin shopping list that came out recently, so I’m going to follow that through as well.
Bag wise, it will be the Quiksilver X Collab Bag.It’s the 25L Anti-theft Backpack. It’s normally my go-to bag for city trips because it’s super easy to lock on the plane and in bars, and it’s just the right amount of space.
柏林——菲爾·海斯，全球設計執行副總裁
對我來說，這絕對是柏林。我對時裝特別感興趣，我聽說它很流行。還有美術館和歷史。食物,夜生活。我所聽到的關於柏林的一切都很酷，所以我要儘可能地從中吸取教訓。World 's Global Style Network最近發布了柏林的購物清單，所以我也會繼續跟進。
包明智，它將是Quiksilver X合作袋。這是25L的防盜背包。它通常是我在城市旅行時的必備品，因為鎖在飛機上和酒吧裡都超級容易，而且空間恰到好處。
31. Which of thePacsafe bag is a good choice for beach travel?
A. The Quiksilver 40L Pack.
B. The Vibe 25L Backpack.
C. The Quiksilver X Collab Bag.
D. 25L Anti-theft Backpack.
32. If you are interestedin fashion, which destination should you choose?
A. Sri Lanka. B. Japan.
C. Hong Kong. D. Berlin.
33. What can you enjoyin all the three places mentioned?
A. Beautiful beaches.
B. Amazing food.
C. Fascinating art.
D. Coolsnowboarding.
34. The main purposeof the passage is to ________.
A. share personal travelling experiences
B. offer practical tipson taking adventure
C. present cultures in different countries
D. recommend favorable travel destinations
B
On March 25, 2010, Kate and David heard the words every parent dreads: Their new born wasn’t going to make it.Their twins—a girl and a boy—were born two minutes apart and 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds each. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minutes but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he』d stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live.
「I saw him gasp (喘息), but the doctor said it was nouse,」 Kate told theDaily Mail five years later. 「I know it sounds stupid, but if he was still gasping, that was asign of life. I wasn’t going to give up easily.」
Still, the couple knew this waslikely a goodbye. In an effort to cherish her last minutes with the tiny boy,Kate asked to hold him.
「I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us,」 Kate told Today. 「We』d resigned ourselves to the fact that we were going to lose him, and we were just trying to make the most of those last, precious moments.」
Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and asked David to take his shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition. They also talked to him.
「We were trying to persuade him to stay,」 Kate told the Daily Mail. 「We explained his name and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and how hard we had tried to have him.」
Then something miraculous happened. Jamie gasped again—and then he started breathing. Finally, he reached for his father’s finger.
The couple’s lost boy had made it.
「We’re the luckiest people in the world,」 David told Today.
Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and healthy. The couple only recently told the kids the story of their birth. 「Emily burst into tears,」 Kate said. 「She was really upset, and she kept hugging Jamie. This whole experience makes you cherish them more.」
2010年3月25日，凱特和大衛聽到了每個父母都害怕聽到的話:他們的新生兒活不下去了。他們的雙胞胎——一個女孩和一個男孩——出生時相隔兩分鐘，早產了14周，每個人的體重剛剛超過兩磅。醫生們試圖挽救這個男孩20分鐘，但沒有看到任何好轉。他的心跳幾乎停止，呼吸也停止了。嬰兒只有幾分鐘的時間可以活了。
五年後，凱特在接受《每日郵報》採訪時表示:「我看到他倒抽了一口冷氣，但醫生說那是鼻屎。」「我知道這聽起來很愚蠢，但如果他還在喘氣，那就是生命的標誌。我不會輕易放棄的。」
不過，這對夫婦知道這可能是告別。為了珍惜和小男孩在一起的最後幾分鐘，凱特要求抱著他。
「我想見到他，讓他了解我們，」凱特在接受《今日》採訪時表示。「我們已經接受了這個事實，我們即將失去他，我們只是想充分利用那些最後的珍貴時刻。」
凱特從醫院的毯子裡把男孩(他們已經給他起了個名字——傑米)打開，讓大衛脫掉襯衫，和他們一起躺在床上。第一次做父母的希望他們的兒子儘可能的溫暖，並希望這種肌膚接觸能改善他的身體狀況。他們也和他交談。
凱特在接受《每日郵報》採訪時表示:「我們試圖說服他留下來。」「我們解釋了他的名字，他有一個雙胞胎兄弟，他必須照顧好他，我們曾多麼努力地想要擁有他。」
然後奇蹟發生了。傑米又喘了口氣，然後他開始呼吸。最後，他伸手去抓父親的手指。
這對夫婦走失的兒子成功了。
「我們是世界上最幸運的人，」大衛今天告訴記者。
八年後，傑米和他的妹妹艾米麗健康快樂。這對夫婦最近才給孩子們講了他們出生的故事。「艾米麗哭了，」凱特說。她真的很難過，一直抱著傑米。這整個經歷讓你更加珍惜他們。」
35. What can we learn about the newborn babies?
A. The boy’s heart had stopped beating.
B. The boy was 2 minutes older than the girl.
C. The twins were born 14 weeks before the due date.
D. The twins were expected to live for only 20 minutes.
36. When the couple knew they would lose the boy, they ________.
A. begged the doctor to save him
B. took his shirt off and then put him in bed
C. wrapped him with his blanket to keep him warm
D. talked to him and made close physical contact with him
37. What’s the best title for thepassage?
A. The Power of Hug.
B. The Miracle of Love.
C. The Bond Between Twins.
D.The Responsibility of Parents.
C
It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.
A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, 「She’s not looking at you.」This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝視)in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the 「MonaLisa effect」 . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angleof the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side,the Mona Lisa effect occurs.
This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side—surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.
Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虛擬頭像) when Horstmann took a long look at the 「Mona Lisa」 and realized she wasn’t looking at him.
To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the 「Mona Lisa」 on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the 「MonaLisa」 portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.
So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said,that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term 「Mona Lisaeffect」 just thought it was a cool name.
眾所周知，李奧納多·達·文西(Leonardo da Vinci)最著名的畫作中的女人，無論站在房間的哪個角落，似乎都會回頭看著觀察者，用她的眼睛跟隨他們。但事實證明，這種常識是錯誤的。
一項新的研究發現，這幅畫裡的女人實際上是在以一個15.4度的角度向外看，這個角度與觀察者的右偏——當人們認為有人正盯著他們時，他們通常認為的範圍是超出的。換句話說，研究作者霍斯特曼說，「她沒有在看你。這有點諷刺意味，因為一個人在照片或繪畫中注視的整個現象似乎是跟隨觀者的，這被稱為「蒙娜麗莎效應」。霍斯特曼說，這種影響是絕對真實的。如果一個人被畫圖或被拍照時直視前方，即使是從一個角度看這幅畫像的人也會覺得自己被注視著。只要這個人的凝視角度不超過5度左右，就會出現蒙娜麗莎效應。
這對於人類與屏幕上角色的互動非常重要。如果你想讓某人右邊的房間覺得屏幕上一個人是看他或她,你不把目光side-surprisingly的角色,這樣做會讓一個觀察者覺得房間裡的字符不是看任何人。相反，你把目光直視前方。
霍斯特曼和他的合著者正在研究這種效應，以便將其應用於人工智慧化身的創作。
為了確保不僅僅是他，研究人員讓24個人在電腦屏幕上觀看「蒙娜麗莎」的圖像。他們在觀眾和屏幕之間設置了一把尺子，讓參與者注意尺子上的哪個數字與蒙娜麗莎的視線相交。為了計算蒙娜麗莎注視觀察者的角度，他們在研究過程中把尺子離屏幕更遠或更近。研究人員發現，參與者一致認為，《蒙娜麗莎》畫像中的女性並沒有直視他們，而是稍稍偏右。
那麼，為什麼人們總是認為她的眼睛會跟著觀眾走呢?Horstmann並不確定。他說，人們有被注視的欲望是可能的，所以他們認為女人在直視他們。或者，第一個創造「蒙娜麗莎效應」這個詞的人只是覺得這個名字很酷。
38. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting 「Mona Lisa」___________.
A. attracts the viewers to look back
B. seems mysterious because of her eyes
C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers
D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand
39. What gaze range in apainting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?
40. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______.
A. confirm Horstmann’s belief
B. create artificial-intelligence avatars
C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze
D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can beapplied
41. What can we learn fromthe passage?
A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term 「Mona Lisa effect」.
B. The MonaLisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.
C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.
D. The positionof the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers』 judgement.
D
What a Messy Desk Says About You
For some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and health-related choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly.They also tend to have immaculate offices.
What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those who aren’t necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of college-age students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttered (亂堆) with papers and other work-relatedstuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to thestudy. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess.
A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for Ping-Pong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly more creative, according to two independent judges, than those in offices where stacks of papers and other objects were neatly arranged.
The results were something of a surprise, says Dr. Vohs, the leader of the study. Few previous studies found much virtue in disorder. The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage in difference and poor discipline.
But in the study byDr. Vohs, disordered offices encouraged originality and a search for novelty. In the final portion of the study, adults were given the choice of adding a health 「boost」 to their lunchtime smoothie that was labeled either 「new」 or「classic.」 The volunteers in the messy space were far more likely to choose the new one; those in the tidy office generally chose the classic version.
「Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition,」 Dr. Vohs and her co-authors conclude in the study,「which can produce fresh insights.」
The implications of these findings are also practical. 「My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project」, Dr. Vohssays, 「then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.」
凌亂的辦公桌說明你是個什麼樣的人
一段時間以來，心理學家一直在研究人格特徵如何影響健康和與健康相關的選擇。不出所料，他們發現，天生有自覺性的人，也就是有條理、可預測的人，通常比那些不守規矩的人吃得更好，活得更久。他們的辦公室往往也很整潔。
不太清楚的是，整潔的環境是否能培養出良好的習慣，即使是那些不一定天生就有責任心的人。為了找到答案，明尼蘇達大學的研究人員進行了一系列實驗。在第一個實驗中，他們隨機安排一組大學生在兩個辦公室裡呆上一段時間，其中一個非常整潔，另一個則堆滿了文件和其他與工作有關的東西。學生們花時間填寫與研究無關的問卷。10分鐘後，他們被告知可以帶一個蘋果或一塊巧克力離開。坐在整潔辦公室裡的學生選擇蘋果的可能性是坐在亂糟糟的辦公室裡的學生的兩倍。
然而，第二個實驗發現，在混沌中工作也有其優勢。在這個實驗中，大學生們被安排在一個凌亂或整潔的辦公室裡，要求他們想出桌球的新用途。根據兩位獨立評委的說法，那些在凌亂空間裡的人產生的創意明顯比那些在辦公室裡堆放著文件和其他物品的人更具創造性。
這項研究的負責人沃斯博士說，研究結果有些出人意料。以前很少有研究發現無序中有很多好處。幾十年前提出的破窗理論認為，即使是輕微的混亂和忽視，也會鼓勵差異和紀律不良。
但是在dr。雜亂的辦公室鼓勵創新和對新奇事物的探索。在研究的最後一部分中，成年人被要求在午餐奶昔中添加一種健康「強身健體」的成分，這種成分要麼標註為「新」，要麼標註為「經典」。「在凌亂空間裡的志願者更有可能選擇新的;那些在整潔的辦公室裡的人通常選擇經典的版本。
「無序的環境似乎激發了人們打破傳統，」沃斯博士和她的合著者在研究中總結道，「這可以產生新的見解。」
這些發現的意義也很實際。沃斯博士說:「我的建議是，如果你需要在未來的項目中跳出框框思考，那麼就讓雜亂的東西升起來，釋放你的想像力。」但如果你的主要目標是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室裡收拾一下。通過這樣做，天生邋遢的人可以獲得一些自覺的紀律。」
42. The underlined word 「immaculate」 inparagraph 1 probably means ______.
A. messy B. tidy
C.terrible D. comfortable
43. Which ofthe following can best explain the broken window theory?
A. Chaos begets chaos.
B. Misfortunemay be an actual blessing.
C. Bad news has wings.
D.When a door shuts, a window opens.
44. Which ofthe following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with?
A. More virtue exists in organized people.
B. Creativity results from tidiness anddiscipline.
C. Disorderly surroundings help to create newideas.
D. Workers』 good habits guarantee the successof a project.
45.What can we conclude from the study results?
The naturallyneat people tend to be very creative.A messy officewill cause quite low working efficiency.Environments canaffect people’s way of thinking and behavior.People’spersonalities are determined by their working environments.參考答案：
第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，40分）
第一節 （共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）
31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C
36. D 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. C
第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文後的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項
為多餘選項。
Exam Anxiety
Has this ever happened to you? You』ve been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races fast, you get sweaty palms and find it hard to breathe. 46
Everyone feels stressed during exams. Usually, it results from a fear of failure, lack of adequate preparation time and bad experiences taking tests in the past. This is normal and often helps you work harder, think faster and generally improve your performance. 47 You may also feel that other people are managing the exam better than you. This can cause you to feel that your mind has 「gone blank」 on information you know you have revised.
48 Some choose to ignore the problem, while others don’t review because they think they will do badly anyway and even miss exams due to the anxiety. It can also be really easy to think that if you don’t try and then you fail, you won’t feel as bad as if you fail after trying really hard.
So what can you do to fight against the negative mind set and stay calm before and during your test? 49 Yes,this seems obvious, but it’s worth repeating. If you feel confident that you』ve prepared thoroughly, you』ll feel more confident walking into the test. The second tip is simple: just start. The blank page can maximize your anxiety. 50 You can always go back and change things later if needed, but a few quick answers can get the ball rolling. Besides, allocating(分配) your time is equally important. Look through the whole test before getting started. Mentally allocate how much time you』ll spend on each section. If there’s time to recheck, even better.
A. The first thing you should do is to be prepared.
B. People often deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways.
C. If these classic signs of exam anxiety sound familiar, you’re not alone!
D. Therefore,people need an appropriate amount of pressure to help deal with exams.
E. Realizing time is almost up and that there’s still a lot of blank space will make you desperate.
F. However, if you are overly anxious about the result, you may be unable to focus on your work.
G. After you getthe paper, dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confidence.
參考答案：
第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
46. C 47. F 48. B 49. A 50. G
第三部分：書面表達（共兩節，35分）
第一節（15分）
假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華，得知2020年第18屆世界中學生運動會(World MiddleSchool Games) 將在中國福建晉江舉行，組委會正面向全國招募志願者。請寫一封申請信，內容包括：
1. 申請理由；2. 自身優勢；3. 表達期待。
注意：1. 詞數不少於50；開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
（請務必將作文寫在答題紙指定區域內）
第二節（20 分）
假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華，請根據以下四幅圖的先後順序，給校刊「英語園地」寫一篇英文稿件，記述你班同學上周參加「紙文化」實踐活動的全過程。
注意：詞數不少於60。
海澱區高三年級第二學期期末練習英語
參考答案及評分標準2019. 5
第三部分：書面表達（共兩節，35分）
第一節（15分）
一、評分原則：
1．本題總分15分，按4個檔次給分。
2．評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言質量初步確定其檔次，然後以檔次的要求來衡量，確定或降低檔次，最後給分。
3．評分時應考慮：內容是否完整，條理是否清楚，交際是否得體，語言是否準確。
4．拼寫、標點符號或書寫影響內容表達時，應視其影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞彙用法均可以接受。
二、各檔次的給分範圍和要求：
分值
評分標準說明
第一檔
(13分--15分)
完全完成了試題規定的任務。
內容完整，條理清楚；
交際得體，表達時充分考慮到了交際的需求；體現出較強的語言運用能力。
完全達到了預期的寫作目的。
第二檔
（9分--12分）
基本完成了試題規定的任務。
內容、條理和交際等方面基本符合要求；
所用語法和詞彙滿足了任務的要求；
語法和用詞方面有一些錯誤，但不影響理解。
基本達到了預期的寫作目的。
第三檔
（4分--8分）
未恰當完成試題規定的任務。
內容不完整；
所用詞彙有限，語法或用詞方面的錯誤影響了對所寫內容的理解。
未能清楚地傳達信息。
第四檔
（1分--3分）
未完成試題規定的任務。
寫了少量相關信息；
語法或用詞方面錯誤較多，嚴重影響了對所寫內容的理解。
未能傳達任何信息；寫的內容與要求無關。
One Possible Version
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student in Hongxing MiddleSchool. Learning that you are recruiting volunteers for the coming 18th WorldMiddle School Games in Jinjiang, Fujian, in 2020, I am writing to apply forthis position.
As a super fan of sports, I am eager to expose myself in various sports-related activities. World Middle School Games is sucha golden opportunity to meet the outstanding teenagers worldwide that I really don’t want to miss it. In addition, the voluntary service will offer a preciouschance to contribute to our society, which appeals to me very much.
I believe I am a qualified candidate. A good command of English ensures that I can communicate with the foreign athletes effectively.Moreover, with my love and knowledge for sports as well as Chinese history andculture, I can fulfill my role not only as a successful coordinator but also acultural ambassador to spread the splendid Chinese culture.
I am longing tojoin you and I would be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二節（20分）
一、評分原則：1．本題總分為20分，按5個檔次給分。2．評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言質量初步確定其檔次，然後以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調整檔次，最後給分。3．評分時應考慮：內容要點的完整性、上下文的連貫、詞彙和句式的多樣性及語言的準確性。4．拼寫、標點符號或書寫影響內容表達時，應視其影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞彙用法均可接受。5．詞數少於60，從總分中減去1分。
二、內容要點：1. 看到通知；2.參觀展覽；3. 動手實踐；4. 合影留念；
三、各檔次的給分範圍和要求：
第一檔
完全完成了試題規定的任務。
·覆蓋了所有內容要點；
·運用了多樣的句式和豐富的詞彙；
·語法或用詞方面有個別錯誤，但為儘可能表達豐富的內容所致；體現了較強的語言運用能力；
·有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，所寫內容連貫、結構緊湊。
完全達到了預期的寫作目的。
18分－20分
第二檔
完全完成了試題規定的任務。
·覆蓋了所有內容要點；
·運用的句式和詞彙能滿足任務要求；
·語法和用詞基本準確，少許錯誤主要為儘可能表達豐富的內容所致；
·使用了簡單的語句間連接成分，所寫內容連貫。
達到了預期的寫作目的。
15分－17分
第三檔
基本完成了試題規定的任務。
·覆蓋了內容要點；
·運用的句式和詞彙基本滿足任務要求；
·語法和用詞方面有一些錯誤，但不影響理解。
基本達到了預期的寫作目的。
12分－14分
第四檔
未恰當完成試題規定的任務。
·漏掉或未描述清楚主要內容；
·所用句式和詞彙有限；
·語法或用詞方面的錯誤影響了對所寫內容的理解。
未能清楚地傳達信息。
6分－11分
第五檔
未完成試題規定的任務。
·明顯遺漏主要內容；
·句式單調、詞彙貧乏；
·語法或用詞方面錯誤較多，嚴重影響了對所寫內容的理解。
1分－5分
0分
未能傳達任何信息；所寫內容與要求無關。
One Possible Version
Last week,our class participated in an extra curricular activity on paper culture, which was really an unforgettable experience.
On Monday morning, some classmates and I noticed an announcement on the school bulletin board, saying an activity on paper culture would be held in the Capital Museum.Attracted by it, we signed up without any hesitation.
The activity started on Friday with a visit to the exhibition in the museum. Following the guide, we learned about the origin and development of paper and the detailed process of paper making. What especially impressed us was how paper contributed to the preservation and spread of human civilization.
After that, we had some hands-on experience in making paper handicrafts. Divided into different groups, we learned with great enthusiasm. With the help of a master working there, the group of boys managed to create some paper cuts and lanterns while the girls tried different foldingpatterns, such as hearts, stars and birds. Not until then did we fully realize that paper can be made into so many objects in our life, either decorative or functional.
Before we left, we took a group photo to record the day. With the little pieces of workin our hands, we smiled heartily to the camera. At that moment, I came to know that the wisdom of our ancestors shown in paper culture should definitely be honored, recorded and passed down.