近日，寧夏大學魏凡華副教授在國際期刊Critical Reviews in Microbiology（IF=7.349，中科院二區）上發表綜述文章，題為「Evasion mechanisms of the type I interferons responses byinfluenza A virus」。
I型幹擾素是機體抵禦流感病毒感染的第一道防線，因此I型幹擾素應答的精細調控對機體免疫防禦流感病毒感染具有關鍵的作用。A型流感病毒是引起人類呼吸道感染的主要病原之一，是季節性流行和偶發性大流行的罪魁禍首，其抗原變異和種間傳播嚴重威脅著全球人類健康。
此外，禽流感病毒對人類健康的威脅也越來越大，尤其是家禽中流行的H5、H7和H9亞型。儘管機體細胞通過識別流感病毒的複製產物並觸發信號級聯反應，產生I型幹擾素（IFN-α/β），並進化出複雜的抗病毒機制。然而，流感病毒已進化出多種生存策略，包括逃逸宿主免疫系統和劫持宿主因子等，使其能夠在宿主體內更好地複製（圖1）。
圖1. A型流感病毒抑制I型幹擾素產生的分子機制
該綜述全面總結了近年來A型流感病毒免疫逃逸I型幹擾素分子機制方面的最新研究進展，提出了該領域亟待解決的重要科學問題，對未來的流感病毒抗病毒免疫研究及防控具有一定的參考意義。
該文章是前期發表在PLoS Pathogens（IF=6.463，中科院一區Top期刊）上論文的進一步總結和凝練。該項目獲得寧夏自然基金項目（2019AAC03007），寧夏大學雙一流學科建設項目（NXYLXK2017B05），國家自然科學基金（31972669，81960297）的資助。全文連結：https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1040841X.2020.1794791
Abstract
The type I interferons (IFNs) represent the first line of host defense against influenza virus infection, and the precisely control of the type I IFNs responses is a central event of the immune defense against influenza viral infection. Influenza viruses are one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in human and are responsible for seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, leading to a serious threat to global human health due to their antigenic variation and interspecies transmission. Although the host cells have evolved sophisticated antiviral mechanisms based on sensing influenza viral products and triggering of signalling cascades resulting in secretion of the type I IFNs (IFN-α/β), influenza viruses have developed many strategies to counteract this mechanism and circumvent the type I IFNs responses, for example, by inducing host shut-off, or by regulating the polyubiquitination of viral and host proteins. This review will summarise the current knowledge of how the host cells recognise influenza viruses to induce the type I IFNs responses and the strategies that influenza viruses exploited to evade the type I IFNs signalling pathways, which will be helpful for the development of antivirals and vaccines.