科學家探討真核核糖體如何從翻譯起始過渡到延伸
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/9/19 14:34:03
美國史丹福大學醫學院Joseph D. Puglisi研究團隊最新研究發現,真核起始因子5B(eIF5B)負責從翻譯起始到延伸的過渡。這一研究成果在線發表於2019年9月18日的《自然》。
課題組研究人員使用體外單分子螢光顯微鏡方法,在純化酵母酵母翻譯系統中以實時直接監測晚期翻譯起始和轉變為延伸的途徑。這種轉變在真核生物系統中比大腸桿菌中要慢。延長的緩慢進入由eIF5B在80S核糖體上的一個較長的停留時間所決定,這是在單個核糖體亞單位連接後的一個過程,該過程是由這個普遍保守的起始因子催化的。核糖體亞基連接後對eIF5B GTPase活性的抑制阻止了eIF5B與80S複合物的解離,從而阻止了延伸。研究結果闡明了eIF5B的解離是如何作為從起始到延伸過渡的一個動力學檢查點,以及它的釋放如何通過引發GTP水解的核糖體複合物構象的變化來控制。
研究人員表示,翻譯起始通過建立蛋白質合成的閱讀框來決定mRNA中編碼的蛋白質的數量和身份。在真核細胞中,許多翻譯起始因子為多肽合成準備核糖體,然而,這個過程的基本動態仍然不清楚。因此,一個核心問題是真核核糖體如何從翻譯起始過渡到延伸。
附:英文原文
Title: eIF5B gates the transition from translation initiation to elongation
Author: Jinfan Wang, Alex G. Johnson, Christopher P. Lapointe, Junhong Choi, Arjun Prabhakar, Dong-Hua Chen, Alexey N. Petrov, Joseph D. Puglisi
Issue&Volume: 2019-09-18
Abstract:
Translation initiation determines both the quantity and identity of the protein that is encoded in an mRNA by establishing the reading frame for protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, numerous translation initiation factors prepare ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis; however, the underlying dynamics of this process remain unclear1,2. A central question is how eukaryotic ribosomes transition from translation initiation to elongation. Here we use in vitro single-molecule fluorescence microscopy approaches in a purified yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation system to monitor directly, in real time, the pathways of late translation initiation and the transition to elongation. This transition was slower in our eukaryotic system than that reported for Escherichia coli3,4,5. The slow entry to elongation was defined by a long residence time of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) on the 80S ribosome after the joining of individual ribosomal subunits—a process that is catalysed by this universally conserved initiation factor. Inhibition of the GTPase activity of eIF5B after the joining of ribosomal subunits prevented the dissociation of eIF5B from the 80S complex, thereby preventing elongation. Our findings illustrate how the dissociation of eIF5B serves as a kinetic checkpoint for the transition from initiation to elongation, and how its release may be governed by a change in the conformation of the ribosome complex that triggers GTP hydrolysis.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1561-0
Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1561-0