劉炳善《英國文學簡史》（第3版）全套資料【教材＋筆記＋題庫＋視頻】
考研真題精選
一、填空題
1. It is _____ who presented to the world a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. [北京師範大學2002研]
【答案】Geoffrey Chaucer查看答案
【解析】喬叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，是一首由一篇序言和24個故事組成的長詩，展示了喬叟時代的真實生活畫面。
2. Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest nondramatic poet of the Elizabethan age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece 「_____」. [長沙理工大學2016研]
【答案】The Faerie Queene查看答案
【解析】埃德蒙·斯賓塞（1552—1599）是英國文藝復興時期偉大的詩人，被稱為「詩人中的詩人」，代表作品《仙后》。
3. The 18th century in English literature is an age of prose, not because the poetry is very bad, but because the prose is very good. The supreme master in the first part of the century is Jonathan Swift, who is known chiefly for his novel ______. [暨南大學2017研]
【答案】Gulliver’s Travels查看答案
【解析】斯威夫特的傑作《格列佛遊記》以裡梅爾·格列佛（船長）的口氣敘述週遊四國的經歷。通過格列佛在利立浦特、布羅卜丁奈格、飛島國、慧駰國的奇遇，反映了18世紀前半期英國統治階級的腐敗和罪惡。作者用諷刺手法和虛構的幻想寫出了荒誕離奇的情節，深刻反映了英國議會黨派鬥爭，統治集團的昏庸腐朽唯利是圖，揭露和批判殖民戰爭的殘酷暴戾揭露和批判。
4. The term 「_____」 is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. [長沙理工大學2016研]
【答案】metaphysical poetry查看答案
【解析】作為「玄學派」的創始人，約翰·鄧恩（1572—1631）是極具詩歌天賦的，他的詩採用奇特的比喻，多變的格律，具有獨特的詩歌特色。
5. According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient _____ and those of the contemporary _____. The most popular poetic form of the period is _____. [北京師範大學2002研]
【答案】Greek; French; lyric查看答案
【解析】英國新古典主義基於並源於古典文學和當代法國文學。詩歌主要為抒情詩。
6. Of all the romantic poets of 18th century, _____ is the most independent and the most original, and his representative works include Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experiences and The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. [暨南大學2017研]
【答案】William Blake查看答案
【解析】威廉·布萊克生於1757年11月28日，是一位英國詩人，畫家，版畫家。在他生前大都默默無聞，現在布萊克被認為是浪漫主義時詩歌和視覺藝術史上的一個開創性人物。
早期和中世紀的英國文學
1.1複習筆記
早期英國文學
Early English Literature
Ⅰ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知識——英國的形成）
1．The Roman Conquest (55B.C.-410A.D.) 羅馬徵服（公元前55年—公元410年）
A. Brief Introduction（簡介）
Before the Roman Conquest, the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts.
In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A.D. But at the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman Empire was in the process of declining. In 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.
羅馬徵服之前，在英格蘭島上居住的早期居民被稱為不列顛人（Britons），不列顛人是凱爾特（Celt）部落的一支。
公元前55年，該島被羅馬的朱利尤斯·凱撒（Julius Caesar）侵略。直到公元78年，不列顛才完全臣服於羅馬帝國，但是在5世紀初，羅馬帝國開始沒落。公元410年，所有的羅馬軍隊撤離該島。
B. Influence（影響）
①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Britons were treated as slaves.
②The Romans brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely. (This is a profound religious effect up to today).
③Roman road was built for military purposes.
④Along the Roman roads, many towns grew up, London was one of them, and it became an important trading center.
①羅馬人的生活方式被帶到了英國，而當地的不列顛人卻淪為奴隸。
②羅馬人帶來了基督教，基督教得以廣泛傳播。
③出於軍事目的，羅馬人修建羅馬大路。
④沿著羅馬大路，許多城鎮得以發展，倫敦就是其中之一，並在那時成為重要的商業城市。
2．The English Conquest（盎格魯-撒克遜徵服）
While the Romans retreated, the Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Before the conquest, they still lived in the tribal society.
By the 7th century, a untied kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles was established.
當羅馬人撤離不列顛的同時，大群海盜入侵島內。他們是來自北歐的三支部落：盎格魯、撒克遜和朱特。徵服之前，他們仍舊過著部落生活。
到7世紀，一個統一的王國—英國成立了，也被稱作盎格魯人之國。
①The three tribes had developed into a whole people called English. And the three dialects had grown into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.
②The Britons experienced a transition from tribal society to feudalism because of the English Conquest.
③The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people, believing in old mythology of Northern Europe. Later, The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century.
①這三支部落發展成一個統一的民族稱為英國人。三種方言逐漸成為一種單一的語言，稱為盎格魯-撒克遜語言，即古英語。
②不列顛人經歷了從原始部落社會向封建社會過渡的時期。
③盎格魯-撒克遜人是無神論民族，相信古老的北歐神話，但後來在7世紀被基督教化了。
Ⅱ. Literary Features of Early English Literature（早期英國文學的特徵）
The settlement of Anglo-Saxons in England marked the beginning of English literature. The early English literature mainly consisted of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, which was sung by the minstrels to the chiefs and warriors in praising of the old heroes』 deeds in the feasting hall.
The Old English regularly used alliterations and rhymes, at the same time, metaphors and understatements were also put into the poetry. Beowulf is the most widely spread early poem.
英國文學始於盎格魯-撒克遜人在英國定居時期。古英國文學中所保留的作品多為詩歌或者盎格魯-撒克遜遊吟詩人所唱的歌曲，這些遊吟詩人在宴會大廳裡為那些首領和勇士歌唱古時的英雄事跡。古英語中有規律地運用了頭韻和韻律，同時也用到了比喻和輕描淡寫手法。流傳最廣的早期英語詩歌是《貝奧武甫》。
Ⅲ.Literary Terms（文學術語）
1．Anglo-Saxon poetry（盎格魯-撒克遜詩歌）
Poems or, songs by the Anglo-Saxon minstrels who sang of the heroic deeds of old time to the chiefs and warriors in the feasting hall. The typical work of Anglo-Saxon is Beowulf.
是由盎格魯-撒克遜遊吟詩人吟唱的古代英雄事跡的詩歌或者歌曲。這些詩歌或者歌曲主要是在宴會廳唱給首領或者武士們。代表詩作是《貝奧武甫》。
2．Alliteration（頭韻）
It means the repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration. There is an obvious use of alliteration in Beowulf.
就是詩歌裡開頭輔音字母的重複。一行詩歌裡一般有4個音節，三個音節能夠顯示出頭韻的效果。在《貝奧武甫》裡對頭韻有明顯的運用。
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