Hey, guys.
大家好。
I'm Alex.
我是亞歷克斯。
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this advanced grammar lesson on " Active and Passive Infinitives" .
感謝您點擊，歡迎閱讀有關「主動和被動不定式」的高級語法課程。
Now, before this lesson, I really recommend checking out the previous lesson that I did on the functions of infinitives, just so you're already familiar with how they work in a sentence, what verbs they can follow, and everything like that.
So, today, we're going to look at active infinitives in which the subject is doing an action plus an infinitive, and we're also going to look at passive infinitives where you are receiving the action.
接下來在開始這堂課之前，我真的建議你查看我上一節關於不定式的課程，這樣你就已經熟悉了它們如何在一個句子中發揮作用，他們可以後面可以跟什麼動詞，以及類似的一切。
所以，這堂課，我們將要學習主動的不定式，就是一句話中主語加不定式，然後還有你接收到動作的被動不定式。
Okay?
準備好了嗎？
So, first of all, let's look at the active simple, which is the most basic infinitive use.
所以，首先讓我們學習主動不定式，這是最基本的不定式用法。
And again, an infinitive is " to" plus a base verb.
再重複一次，一個不定式是「to」加一個基本的動詞。
So: " She plans to invite them". Here, " to invite" .
所以她計劃邀請他們，這裡，「to invite」。
After " plan" , we always use an infinitive.
在「plan」這個詞後面，我們通常使用一個不定式。
There's nothing special going on here.
這句話沒什麼特別的。
It's just a present, simple sentence.
這只是一個一般現在時的簡單句子。
" Mike's afraid to make mistakes". We know that many adjectives, such as " afraid" can be followed by an infinitive.
「邁克害怕犯錯誤。」我們知道很多形容詞，比如「afraid」，可以跟一個不定式。
And here we have: " Bermuda is a nice place to spend your vacation".
接下來看這句話，「百慕達群島是度假的好地方。」
Okay?
看到了嗎？
So, this is basically the simple use of an infinitive.
所以，這基本上是不定式的簡單使用。
There's certain verbs that are followed by infinitives, there are many adjectives that are followed by infinitives, there are many noun phrases which are also followed by infinitives.
有些特定的動詞後面跟著不定式，有許多形容詞後面跟著不定式，有很多名詞短語，後面跟著不定式。
And this all plays into the rest of this lesson as well.
這些成分也在本課程的其餘部分中發揮作用。
So, here, we have the active past.
因此，今天我們學習發生在過去的主動不定式。
So if you'd like to talk about an action that a subject did in the past and you have to use an infinitive, the structure you use is: " to have" plus the past participle.
因此，如果你想談論一個在過去做過的動作而你必須使用一個不定式，你使用的結構是：「to have」加上過去分詞。
So, " to have" is actually the infinitive in this sentence.
所以，「to have」實際上是這句話中的不定式。
For example: " You seem to have forgotten your jacket". So, I'm speaking to you in the present, maybe I'm talking to you on the phone, and you know, you left my party two hours ago, and I say: " Hey. It looks like you left your jacket".
舉個例子「你似乎已經忘記了你的夾克。」 所以，我現在正在和你說話，也許我在電話裡跟你說話，你知道，兩個小時前你離開了我的派對，我說：「嘿。好像你忘記帶走了你的夾克。」
You seem to have forgotten, in the past, your jacket.
在過去，你似乎已經忘記了你的夾克。
And again, " seem" is always followed by an infinitive, so you have to use an infinitive after it.
而且，「seem」總是後跟一個不定式，所以你必須在它之後使用不定式。
Past, " to have" plus p. p. Okay, second sentence says: " I was happy to have finished everything early". , " I was happy to have finished" , so this, you're almost using a past perfect structure because what you're doing is you're saying the first action is I finished, you know, I finished everything early, whether it was studying, work, whatever it was.
動作發生在過去的時候，不定式用「to have」加過去分詞。好的，第二句話說：「我很高興早早完成所有事情。」 「我很高興完成」，所以這個，你幾乎使用一個完美的過去時結構，因為你所做的就是你說的第一個動作就是我完成了，你知道，我早早完成了所有事情，無論是學習，工作，還是其他事情。
And then I was happy after that.
然後在完成了事情之後我很高興。
Right?
懂了嗎？
So this is the first action, and this is the second action.
所以做完事情是第一個動作，開心是第二個動作。
You can say: " I was happy to finish everything early". That's fine as well.
你可以說：「我很樂意儘早完成所有事情。」 那也沒關係。
But if you want to focus more on the order of the action and this, you know, having been completed a little bit earlier, you can do: " to have" plus the past participle.
但是如果你想更多地關注動作的順序和這個，你知道，你已經完成了一點，你可以做到：「to have」加上過去分詞。
All right, let's look at the passive forms. Now, in passive, the subject basically here. . .
好吧，讓我們來看看被動形式。 現在，在被動不定式中，主語基本上在這裡......
Well, object, sorry, becomes the focus and it receives the action. Okay?
好吧，賓語，不好意思，賓語成為中心並且是接受者。了解嗎？
So, in the passive simple, all you're doing is " to be" plus the past participle.
所以，在被動句中，你所做的只是「to be」加上過去的分詞。
So, the first sentence says: " They expect to be invited". In general, they expect now to be invited, for example, to a birthday party, or a wedding, or whatever the occasion is, they expect to be invited by someone.
Passive. They're receiving the action. Second sentence: " We waited to be given instructions". So here, " to be given" is using a passive simple structure of an infinitive.
所以，第一句話說：「他們希望被邀請。」 一般來說，他們希望現在可以被邀請例如參加生日派對或婚禮，或者無論什麼場合，他們都希望被某人邀請。
被動。 他們正在接受這個行動。
第二句：「我們等待給予指示。」所以在這裡，「to be given」是使用不定式的被動結構。
Now, what this means is, you know, we waited in class to be given instructions from the teacher.
現在，這意味著，我們在課堂上等待老師的指示。
The teacher is the one doing the action; we are receiving the action.
老師是做行動的人；我們正在接受動作。
And as we know, based on the previous lesson on infinitives and common verbs, " wait" is followed by an infinitive.
據我們所知，根據上一節關於不定式和普通動詞的課，「wait」之後接不定式。
So you wait to do something.
所以你等著做點什麼。
Okay?
知道了嗎？
And here: " Prepare to be amazed! " This is an. . .
接下來，這句話「Prepare to be amazed！」這是一個...
Well, how can I say this?
好吧，我該怎麼說呢？
Yes, it's an imperative.
是的，這是祈使語氣。
Right?
知道嗎？
So: " Prepare to be amazed! "
所以：「準備好驚訝吧！」
whether this is a tagline for a movie or something like that, they are telling you: " Prepare to be amazed" by something.
無論這是電影的標語還是類似的東西，他們都在告訴你：「準備好被某些東西驚呆了」。
So, you're going to receive the action of amazement in this situation.
所以，在這種情況下，你會收到讓你吃驚的動作。
And finally, let's look at the passive past, which again, just like active and passive gerunds, active and passive infinitives, this is the longest construction and the one that is I would say the least frequently used by native English speakers.
So: " I'm happy to have been invited". , " To have been invited" .
最後，讓我們看一下被動的過去時，再次，就像主動和被動動詞，主動和被動不定式，這是最長的解釋，也就是我所說的英語母語人士最不常用的句式。
所以：「我很高興被邀請。」 ，「被邀請」。
The structure, " to have been" , plus the past participle.
結構，「to have been」，加上過去分詞。
I'm happy now because I was invited in the past.
我現在很高興，因為我過去曾被邀請。
So I'm happy.
所以我很開心。
Again, happy is an adjective.
同樣，快樂是一個形容詞。
Many adjectives are followed by infinitives.
許多形容詞後面都是不定式。
I'm happy to have been invited in the past.
我很高興過去被邀請過。
Okay, and finally: " It was an honour" . . .
好的，最後：「這是一種榮譽」......
" It was an honour" , in the past, " to have been chosen for the award". I was chosen for the award in the past of the past, kind of like a past perfect construction.
過去，"這是一種榮譽"，「to have been chosen for the award」在過去的過去，我獲獎了，有點像一個完美的過去式不定式。
" To have been chosen for the award". Okay.
「To have been chosen for the award」。好吧。
Are you confused?
你困惑嗎？
Are you okay?
你還好嗎？
Are you breathing?
你在呼吸嗎？
Okay. Okay. So, if, you know, if you're having some trouble with this stuff, go back, watch my two lessons on " 10 Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives" , watch my lesson on the functions and uses of infinitives which are linked to this video.
好的。 好的。 所以，如果，你知道，如果你在運用這些東西時遇到困難，請回過頭來看看關於「10個普通動詞跟隨不定式」的兩節課，觀看我對與這個視頻相關的不定式的功能和用途的課程。
After, come back, take a deep breath, take the quiz below and let me know how you did.
之後，回來，深吸一口氣，參加下面的測驗，讓我知道你學的怎麼樣。
And if you have any other suggestions for future videos, please also keep them in comment section.
如果您對未來的視頻有任何其他建議，請在下面評論部分留言。
Once again, this has been Alex.
再說一次，我是亞歷克斯。
And I'll see you guys next time. Bye.
下次再見。