託福閱讀中有著幾種題型是每次考試都愛出現的，其中託福閱讀試題中的句子簡化題便是一個，這種託福閱讀題如果不會正確的方法可能會耽誤不少時間，下面就來詳細介紹一下這個問題。
句子簡化的託福閱讀試題可分為兩種類型，那解答這種託福閱讀題的方法也相應不同：
第一種是有邏輯關係的句子。那就需要分辨是哪一種邏輯關係，常見的邏輯關係有三種：轉折、因果和比較;第二步就是要確定邏輯關係的雙方：假如是因果關係就需要確定原因和結果分別是什麼。錯誤選項往往會因果倒置;假如是轉折關係就需要確定作者更強調哪一部分信息。錯誤選項往往把次要信息放在主要的位置上(如but後面);如果是比較關係的話，就需要確定比較的雙方，比較的內容和比較的結果。錯誤選項往往把比較結果弄反。
有些託福閱讀題型句子邏輯和答案邏輯是相對應的，優先用邏輯解題比較簡單，可以迅速正確解題，如例1。
Example 1 TPO5-2 The Origin of the Pacific Island People
Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.
○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.
○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.
○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.
先看原句，contrary to表示一個與主幹部分相反的附加信息，主幹部分在逗號之後，後半句說看起來合理的是這個壯舉是由精心準備的殖民遠徵實現的，他們滿載食物和動植物。原句中出現了一個表示相反的邏輯關係。選項中只有C和D含有轉折關係。C說儘管看起來帶著充足的食物殖民遠徵是合理的，但是這被很多證據反駁。原句中並沒有體現用證據來反駁，所以C不正確。選項D中的intentional and well planed對應原句的deliberate，rather than 對應原句開頭的contrary to，原文就是否定了意外，支持了精心準備，所以D正確。
但是有時會發現光靠邏輯去解題，有時不會簡單甚至會錯誤，因為有時邏輯對了但語義不對，但有些邏輯發生了改變但是卻是正確選項，如例2所示。
Example 2 TPO3-3 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems
Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the 「patchiness」 of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.
11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.
○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.
○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.
○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.
先看句子，有not…but…錶轉折，如果先通過邏輯去做題，那就直接把正確的D選項直接排除掉了，A,B,C都有rather than，not，not等，顯然這個方法是不行的，所以還得靠主幹來做題。
句子中間逗號隔開，逗號之前是environment，之後是對environment的解釋，所以這個句子的重點在前半句，說許多的生態學家現在認為 C群落的長期穩定性不是來源於多樣性，而是來源於P環境。因此這句話的核心就是P對穩定性的決定作用。只有D與原句吻合，說P環境可以被認為增加穩定性，因為它可以支持廣泛的各種各樣的有機體，because後面的原因與原句後半句對應。
選項A說： 生態學家現在認為穩定性來源於多樣性而不是P。與原文相反。
選項B說： P沒有多樣性。不對，原文P環境能支持更多的物種，且它沒有說P和穩定性的關係，也不對;
選項C說： 統一的環境不可能是C群落，因為它們不能像P一樣支持許多種類的有機體，主語Uniform environments出現在原句後半句，不是句子核心，所以一定不對。
第二種類型是沒有邏輯關係的句子，那就需要確定句子的主幹成分。確定句子的主謂賓，修飾部分先不看，根據主幹成分去確定選項(正確選項往往是原文的主動變被動、語序顛倒或同義替換)。假如有超過一個選項符合句子的主幹成分，再去看句子的修飾成分信息是否一致。錯誤選項往往是把原文次要信息當作主要信息來講;或描述錯誤信息、無中生有信息等。
Example 3 TPO4-1 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound
11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
In addition to finding increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.
○Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest ?helped ?him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.
○Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food(browse).
○Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important ?to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.
○According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer ?in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.
句子無明顯邏輯，抓住幹，句子有很多逗號，我們要先找到句子主語。開頭in addition to是附加信息不會是主語，後面like舉例子也不會是主語，再後面AE是一個人名，可能是主語，後面緊接著說生物學家，是AE的同位語，最後一個小分句， found是個動詞，是句子謂語，這句話的核心是說AE發現空地上的草更有營養。到選項當中，只有B說 Arthur Einarsen 發現無樹的覓食地點能給鹿提供更多更好的食物，這裡的better對應原句more nutritive，deforested feeding grounds對應the open areas，因為the 表明前文中有提到，而前一句確實就說了deforested，因此完全對應，本題選B。
選項A說： AE與西北太平洋的密切關係幫助他發現有更多合適草料的地區。西北太平洋在原句中不是重點，在A裡卻是主語中的內容，所以A不能選。
選項C說：像Arthur Einarsen這樣的生物學家認為，為鹿尋找額外的開闊並擁有合適嫩草的居住區是很重要的。主語不對，且原句中沒強調重要性，C錯。
選項D說：根據Einarsen，越橘和藤槭是典型植被，某日可能可以改善太平洋西北寬闊地區鹿的營養。D的主語huckleberry and vine maple只是原句中like分句中的例子，不是句子重點，所以D錯。
綜上所述，句子簡化題，先看句子，有邏輯優先根據邏輯來看，但是不一定邏輯正確就是正確選項，還得結合內容;無邏輯直接找主幹，帶著主幹信息，然後去選項中找答案。
可以看出這種託福閱讀試題如果掌握了正確的方法解決起來就簡單多了，每個託福閱讀題都有自己的方法，所以希望大家能認真對待，爭取在託福閱讀上有所突破。
(實習編輯：侯珂)