Hey, it's Hadar, today I'm gonna talk about a tricky transition in American English - the flap T and the R as in the word 'butter', 'greater' and 'daughter'.
I'm gonna talk about the two sounds - the Flap T and the R - and how to put them together in an effortless and accurate way.
你們好，我是 Hadar，今天我要講講美式英語中一個有些困難的詞音轉換——flap T和R，比如在單詞「butter」、「greater」和「daughter」中的發音。
我將談談這兩種音——Flap T 和 R——以及如何輕鬆準確地將它們組合在一起。
So let's get started. Let's first talk about what is the Flap T.
那我們就開始吧。我們先來看看到底什麼是 Flap T。
The Flap T is a unique pronunciation of the T when it appears between two vowels in unstressed syllables.
So for example, if we take the word 'notice'.
Flap T 是一種 T 的獨特發音，即當它出現在非重讀音節的兩個元音之間時的發音。
比如，看看『notice』這個詞。
If I pronounced it with the true T - how people usually perceive the T to be.
It's going to sound like 'noTice', where I bring the tip of the tongue up and then I pronounce the T 'noTice'.
如果以正常的 T 的音來讀，即 T 的通常發音。就會是這樣的聲音：「noTice」，即我會翹起舌頭，發出 T 的音。
But in this situation, when the T is between two vowels and the syllable is not stressed, it's not the primary stress of the word, then the T changes to D - 'noDice'.
You may say that it sounds like a D, but notice that it's not a real D cuz I don't say 'noDis'.
但當 T 出現在兩個非重讀元音之間時，即 T 並不是重讀音節之時，它就會轉化成 D 的發音——「noDice」。
你可能會說這聽起來就像是 D 的音，但要注意，並不是真的要讀成 D，不會說成『noDis』。
It's. . . let's say, a very very light D.
What the tongue does is it comes up to touch the upper palate and instead of blocking the air and releasing, it kind of gives the upper palate a high-five.
應該是一個非常非常輕的 D 的發音。
即舌頭碰到上顎，但並沒有阻隔空氣的流通，而是像『擊掌』一樣簡單地碰一下。
You keep the voice going - that's why it sounds to you like a D - but it's not really a D. It's a 'da'.
還是在持續發聲——這就是聽起來像 D 的原因，但實際上又不是 D 的發音。而是『da』。
And for those of you who have sharp ears will notice that it actually sounds more like a Spanish soft R. as in the word 'pero'.
And if you've seen my previous videos about the Flap T, you know that I've used this example, and I think it's so easy to understand it like that.
你們如果有人耳朵很靈敏，就會注意到它實際上聽起來更像是西班牙語中的 R，就像單詞『pero』中的讀音一樣。
如果你看過我之前有關 Flap T 的視頻，就會知道我舉過這個例子，而且我認為這樣很好理解。
Listen: 'pero', 'nods'. Right? So it's the same sound actually.
聽一下：『pero』，『notice』。對吧？所以實際上它們的讀音是一樣的。
If you don't have the sound in your language, then don't worry about it. Just try to make it a very light D. Okay?
如果你的母語中沒有這個發音，也別擔心。就試著發很輕的 D 的音就行，好吧？
So that's the Flap T. Again, 'nods', 'actividi' and bdi'.
所以這就是 Flap T。再讀一次：『notice』、『activity』、『Betty』。
Now, the Flap T appears very often before an R, especially at the end of words. Like in 'water' and 'greater'.
還有就是，Flap T 後面常常會跟著一個 R，特別是在單詞的結尾部分。就像『water』和『greater』。
Now, here what we want to do is instead of bringing the tongue down after the Flap T, you want to pull it in immediately for the American R.
For the American R, the tongue pulls back and the sides of the tongue touch the sides of the upper teeth.
這時，我們要做的就是在發出了 Flap T 的音後，放下舌頭，立即捲起成美國的 R 音狀態。
發 R 的音時，舌頭是要向後卷的，且舌頭的兩側要碰到上齒的兩邊。
Now, if this is the first time that you're learning about the American R, then maybe you don't need to work in this transition first, cuz it's going to be a little more challenging.
What I recommend is for you to go and master the American R first and you can watch my video about how to pronounce the R.
如果這是你第一次學怎麼念美式的 R 音，那麼可能你最好就不要先學這個詞音轉換的課程了，因為這對你來說會有些困難。
我推薦你先去掌握美式 R 的發音，可以去看看我關於 R 發音的課程視頻。
And then come back here and work on this transition.
Otherwise, it's going to be a little too confusing, okay?
然後再回來學這節課。
否則你會覺得有些混亂的，好吧？
So. . . but if you'd know how to pronounce the R or at least you're working towards it, then this lesson is definitely for you.
So, from the Flap T - 'whadda' - you pull the tongue in rather quickly until the sides of the tongue touch the sides of the teeth.
但如果你知道怎麼發 R 的音，或者至少你正在學，那麼這節課絕對就是為你而準備的。
所以，接著 Flap T 的音——『whadda』——之後，就把舌頭迅速地捲起來，知道它碰到你的上齒。
Your tongue can be up, can be down. I mean I recommend for you to keep it up, because it's going to be easier.
你的舌頭可以先翹起來，上下彈動。但我建議你就保持它向上翹的狀態，因為這樣會容易一些。
But remember that what really matters when it comes to the R is what the sides of the tongue do, okay?
It's how they push against the teeth and the curve that you have in your tongue in the back part of your tongue, okay?
但要記著，要發 R 的音，真正重要的是舌頭兩側所放的位置，知道嗎？
即它要如何推抵牙齒，與舌頭後部構成一條曲線。
So, remember that there is no vowel between the Flap T and the R. "D'r" - it's not 'dare'.
所以，要記住在 Flap T 和 R 之間是沒有元音的。是『d'r』，而不是「dare」。
There is no '' sound even though you see the letter E - it's not an act. It's a schwa, right?
And the schwa is a reduced vowel and the R actually takes over the schwa sound.
即使有字母 E，也沒有『』的音——它是不發音的。這是個非中央元音，對吧？
非中央元音就是弱化元音，R 實際上就代替了這個弱化元音的音。
So basically it's just a Flap T and the R. Now let's practice the transition a bit more.
所以基本上就只有 Flap T 和 R 的音。接下來我們再多練一下詞音轉換。
Remember that when you want to master the transition in words, phrases, sentences and free speech, you have to train your tongue to do just the transition smoothly and effortlessly. So you want to find yourself doing this. . .
about 30 to 40 times a day until you master it.
記住，當你想要掌握單詞、短語、句子和言談中的詞音轉化時，你就得訓練自己的舌頭，以讓詞音轉換更加平滑、不費力。
所以你得每天練個30到40詞，直到掌握為止。
And if it's hard for you to make the Flap T, and then the transition to the R, then start with a D.
Train your tongue to go through this transition without adding a vowel in between.
如果對你來說先發 Flap T 的音又接著發 R 的音很困難的話，就先從 D 的音開始練習。
訓練你的舌頭在這個詞音轉換過程中能不加入元音。
So you can start with a D. When it's rather easy, you can start making the D a little lighter.
所以就從 D 的音開始練。當這對你來說變得簡單些了之後，就把 D 的音發輕一些。
And then start making it like the Flap T. Does that make sense?
然後就能開始練習 Flap T 的讀音了。聽得懂我的意思嗎？
I hope it does! Let's put it in words: 'daughter'.
我希望我說得足夠明白了！我們在具體的單詞中來看看：『daughter』。
You'll notice that once you do this transition over and over again, then in the words, it's like easy peasy.
Make sure that the first vowel, the vowel before is longer, okay?
你會注意到一旦你把這種轉換練得滾瓜爛熟，那麼在單詞中，對你來說就是小菜一碟了。
要確保第一個元音，即前面的一個元音發音要長一些，知道嗎？
So you give yourself time to kind of prepare for this transition: "daughter", "water", "better", "butter", "greater", "smarter". I tricked you here. Try it again.
所以你得自己先練練這種轉換：「daughter」、「water」、「better」、「butter」、「greater」、「smarter」。我在這兒小小的刁難了你一下，再試試。
Why was that difficult? "Smarter", right? It was a little different than the previous ones because of the R.
為什麼這個會比較難呢？「smarter」，對吧？它和之前的幾個詞有點不同，因為其中的 R。
There was another R, right? So you need to hear transition from the R to the Flap TR.
還有另一個 R，對吧？所以你得從一個 R 的音過渡到 Flap TR。
But you can do it, you can do it. Don't worry. So, first of all, remind yourself the transition.
但你是可以做到的，別擔心。所以，首先，你自己得記住有這個轉化。
And then say the first part of the word.
Now if it's hard for you to do the Flap T that really light tap after an R, it's okay if it sounds like a D, okay?
然後說這個詞的第一部分。
如果你很難在 R 後發出一個很輕的 Flap T 的音，就說成和 D 差不多的音也應，好吧？
By the way, the Flap T appears between two vowels in unstressed syllables, but also between an R and a vowel in unstressed syllables.
This is why it's still a Flap T.
順便說一下，Flap T 出現在非重讀音節的兩個元音之間，也出現在非重讀的 R 和一個元音之間。所以這兒也是個 Flap T。
Technically this is an R vowel. So this is why it's still valid - the rule.
嚴格來說，這是一個 R 元音。所以這麼說也是沒問題的——這就是一種規則。
So, "smar-d'r", right? It's okay if it sounds closer to a D.
所以就念「smar-d'r」，對吧？如果發音和 D 很接近，也是沒問題的。
But we're working on the transition between the T and the R, okay? Good.
Now practice this with me.
但我們注重的是 T 和 R 之間的過度轉化，好嗎？很不錯。
現在，和我一起來做個練習。
Let's start. Betty bought a bit of butter.
我們開始吧。Betty 買了一點黃油。
But she said this butter's bitter. If I put it in my batter. . .
但她說這塊黃油要苦一些。如果我把它加入我的麵糊之中……
It will make my batter bitter. So she bought some better butter.
就會讓我的麵糊變得更苦了。所以她買了一些更好的黃油。
Better than her bitter butter. And she put it in her batter.
比她那苦一些的黃油要更好一點。然後她把它加入了她的麵糊之中。
And it made her batter better! A lot of Flap T's and R's here, so good for you!
You can do it over and over again.
就使她的麵糊更好一些了。這其中有很多 Flap T 和 R，你做的很棒！
你可以多練幾遍。
This was an excellent practice for you to master this Flap T and R transition.
Now if you want to download a practice sheet with words with R and then sentences with R with my audio in it.
這對幫助你掌握 Flap T 和 R 是個很棒的練習。
如果你想下載一些附有我的音頻的帶 R 的單詞和句子的練習表的話。
Then coming over to my website, click the link below and grab it. It's totally free.
And what I want you to do is to practice it many many times until you make it your own, because remember: practice makes better.
就可以上我的網站看看，點擊下面的連結，並把資源提取出來。完全是免費的。
我想讓你們做的就是不斷地練習，直到你們把它變成自己的知識，因為要記住：熟能生巧。
Why better? Because perfect is overrated!
為什麼是『better』呢？因為『perfect』太過了！
Anyway, once you grab this practice sheet, I want you to practice it quite a few times and then you will see how it's easier for you to pronounce this transition and words that you weren't able to pronounce before.
How it's easier for you to pronounce them smoothly and accurately, okay?
無論如何，一旦你提取了這個練習表，我就希望你能多練習幾次，然後你們就會發現這個詞音轉化和之前你所發不出來的音變得更容易了。
你們會發現流暢、準確地發出這些音是多麼的簡單。
And once it happens, I want to hear all about it in the comments below this video.
So have a wonderful week! I will see you next week in the next video.
如果你做到了，我希望能在這個視頻下面的評論中看到你們的好消息。
周末愉快！下周的視頻再見咯。
Bye.
拜。