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今天的「英語UP」，學小神繼續和你一起在「犄角旮旯」學英語。到目前為止，我們已經複習了大部分情態動詞的用法。而且是非常地道的用法哦！因為我們參考的書是來自劍橋出版社的《English Grammar in Use》。悄悄告訴你，這也是學小神當年在歐洲留學的時候，學校英語語法課使用的教材！如果你錯過了之前的內容，可以在文末找到相應的連結回看。
今天，我們來看最後兩組情態動詞，would和could的區別。
通常，我們用would或wouldn't來表達對某一件事情的想像（白日夢）。也就是we think of something that is not real。比如：
It would be nice to buy a new car, but we can't afford it.I'd love to live by the sea.A: Shall I tell Chris what happened?B: No, I wouldn't say anything.在形容過去時態的時候，我們使用would have done。當然這裡表達的依然是「想像」。看一下下面的慄子：
They helped us a lot. I don't know what we'd have done without their help.I didn't tell Sam what happened. He wouldn't have been pleased.對比一下would和would have done：
I would phone Sue, but I haven't got hernumber. （現在）I would have phoned Sue, but I didn't have her number. （過去）Would也經常跟if一起使用，在上面的這慄子中，如果使用if，就可以變成：
I would Phone Sue if I had her number.I would have phoned Sue if I'd had her number.
前面說過了，would是用來表達沒有發生或者不會發生的事情。而will則剛好相反，表示的是一種計劃或是即將發生的事情。比如：
I will stay a bit longer. I've got plenty of time.I'd stay a bit longer, but I really have to go now.I'll phone Sue. I've got her number.I'd phone Sue, but I haven't got her number.而還有一些時候，would用來作為will的過去時態。
Tom: I'll phone you on Sunday.Tom said he'd phone me on Sunday.Ann: I promise I won't be late.Ann promised that she wouldn't be late.
有時，wouldn't do something表示refused to do。比如
I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen to me. (= he refused to listen)The car wouldn't start. (= it "refused" to start)
當你描述一些在過去經常發生的事情時，也可以使用would。這個時候，would相當於used to do的意思。
When we were children, we lived by the sea. In summer, if the weather was fine, we would all get up early and go for swim. (= we did this regularly)Whenever Richard was angry, he would walk out of the room/he used to walk out of the room.
當我們請求別人做某事的時候，我們可以使用will/would或can/could。但是，一般來說，can/could會更常見一些。
Can you wait a moment, please?Could you wait a moment, please?Would you please be quiet? I'm trying to concentrate.
上面四句話裡的情態動詞都可以互換。
在這裡，could有一個固定搭配，就是：do you think you could do…
Do you think you could lend me some money until next week?
當我們向對方索要什麼的時候，可以用Can I have…?或者Could I have…?再或者May I have…?也是可以的。當然，May要比Can和Could更加正式一些。
Can I have these postcards, please?Could I have the salt, please?May I have your attention, please?
當你要求別人做某件事情的時候，同樣可以用can, could和may。
Hello, can I speak to Steve, please?Do you think I could borrow your bike?
需要注意的是，這裡May同樣更加正式。
Can除了索取以外，也可以用來表達給予。比如：
Can I get you a cup of coffee?
當然，我們還可以用would you like來表達給予或邀請。注意，這裡不可以用do you like。比如：
Would you like a cup of coffee?Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening?
最後，我們也會使用I'd like來表達想要什麼，這樣的形式會顯得更加禮貌。切記，不要用I want！
I'd like some information about hotels, please.I'd like to try on this jacket, please.
Reference: Murphy, R., 2006. EnglishGrammar in Use. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
既然今天學了這麼多表示request的用法，下一次在國外餐廳點餐的時候，記得不要在用I want了哦，顯得很美禮貌。以上就是今天與你分享的內容。如果對文中那個知識點依然有問題， 歡迎直接留言和大家一起討論，或者私信學小神，我會為你詳細解答。
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大多數人都忽略了can和could的進階用法！
你真的會用have to和must嗎？