中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧講解
閱讀常考題型：
詞彙題
要求正確理解短文中一些關健詞、短語或句子的含義
常用的手段是利用多種表達法、詞的多義性、同近義語替換、習語釋義、句型或語態轉換等
解題技巧：
1透徹理解題意，從短文中找到相關的詞、短語或句子，根據特定的語境判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最後確定含義
2 要熟悉常見的設問形式：
1) The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to /means ________.
2) What does 「______」 in paragraph … stand for /mean?
3) 「______」 could best be replaced by which of the following?
4) The expression /phrase 「_______」 means ______.
5) The word 「______」 is closest in meaning to ______.
Examples:
Another factor(因素) that may contribute to(促使) the good health of these people is their isolation. Most of them are kept off the modern world.
74. What does the word 「isolation」 means in Chinese?
A. 自我封閉 B、與世隔絕 C、獨立 D、淡泊
通過通讀文章，從後面句子可以推斷出這個單詞的漢語意思是B
猜測詞義的技巧：
1）上下文間意義的聯繫；
2）同義關係，反義關係；
3）詞的定義；
4）對詞的解釋和舉例；
5）構詞法知識猜測詞義
推理判斷題
必須與細節理解題相區分
推斷題是在理解原文的基礎之上，推斷出一個結論，因此如果跟原文在形式上一模一樣的一定要慎選！
熟悉常用的設問方式
1) We can infer /conclude from the passage that ______.
2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.
3) What can we learn about _______.
4) The author strongly suggests that__________ ______.
5) What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story?
指代題
此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義
其主要提問方式是：
The underlined word 「It」 in the passage refers to _______.
Here 「it」 means________.
解題技巧：
首先需要明晰代詞的作用，代詞就是為了避免重複，用於指代前文已經出現的內容
所以指代的對象一定要去前文尋找
其次需要注意單複數的指代
主旨題
此類題主要針對的主題、中心思想、文章的結構層次（主題句或題段）、作者的寫作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在準確理解全文後，歸納短文要點、概括中心思想，也分析和歸納段落大意、重要情節、人物特徵和環境特點等
這類題常見的命題方式有：
（1）What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?
（2）What does this passage mainly talk about ?
（3）The main theme of this passage is ___________.
（4） The main point of the passage is__________.
（5） Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
（6） The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________.
（7） The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.
（8） Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?
解題技巧：
首尾段需要關注
如果首段首句出現了一個問句，那麼這個句子跟全文中心密切相關（設問句）
如果首尾段判斷不了中心，可以使用串線法閱讀，把每段的首句串起來讀一遍
選項的判斷——可以用代入法，假設某個選項是標題，如果以此命題，讓你來寫一篇文章，判斷自己的行文思路與作者的是否一致
需要注意選項的範圍是否太廣，或者只是總結了某個段落的中心
答題的基本步驟
根據行文順序與出題順序一致的原則，先題後文，劃出每個題幹的關鍵詞
每次只看兩個題的關鍵詞，定位前一題的出題範圍
練習
A
We all dream although we remember only a few of our dreams. Some people train themselves to remember their dreams. As soon as they wake up, they record what their dreams were about.
Scientists believe that we have different kinds of sleep. One kind is called R.E.M. R.E.W. stands for rapid eye movement. During this kind of sleep our eyes move quickly, even though they are closed. Although we are asleep, there is a lot of brain activities. We probably have dreams at this time.
Sometimes people talk in their sleep. In these dreams the dreamer is usually unhappy or worried about something. The worst of the dreams are so frightening that we call them nightmares. In a nightmare we often dream that we are being closed () or that we are trapped in some way.
Scientists or others have written books about the meanings of dreams. The most famous of these scientists was Sigmund Freud who wrote a hundred years ago. He suggested different meanings to certain kinds of dreams. It is possible, however, that every dream has a special meaning only for the person who dreams it, and that this dream about something in that person’s life.
1. How can we tell if someone is having an R.E.M. dream?
A. They are talking in their sleep. B. They are worried about something.
C. Their eyes are moving quickly. D. Their eyes are moving slowly.
2. What does the word 「nightmare」 in the 3rd paragraph means in Chinese?
A. 噩夢 B. 睡眠 C. 美夢 D. 失眠
3. What is the main idea of Paragraph Four?
A. Bad Dreams B. The meaning of dreams
C. People and their dreams D. R.E.M. and sleep and dreams
B
Yu Ying, 37, is a doctor working at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Three months ago, Yu started to use a micro blog(微博), and her life changed.
Sharing interesting hospital stories and health tips, Yu’s micro blog quickly became popular online. 「If doctors were all like Yu, I would not be afraid of coming to the hospital any more.」 One fan wrote. Now Yu has become a star micro-blogger with 320,000 fans!
Weibo, a micro-blogging program, came to China in 2009. Every message on a micro blog is less than 140 characters. In 2011, the number of Chinese micro-bloggers grew to 300 million. For many micro blog users, it is a great way of learning the freshest news, talking with friends and sharing pictures.
On July 23, a high-speed train ran into another train near the city of Wenzhou. Only 13 minutes later, a girl in one of the trains released(發布)a message on her micro blog: 「Help! The train D301 ran off the rails.」 More than 110,000 people forwarded(轉發)this message and tried to offer help.
It is easy and fast to release a message on a micro blog. This can lead to problems such as rumors(謠言)and can even cause panic.
When the big earthquake and tsunami(海嘯) happened in Japan in March, messages saying 「Salt can protect people from radiation(輻射)」 were hot on micro blogs. It soon caused a panic buying of salt. Later people realized it was just a rumor.
Some special micro blog accounts(帳戶) have opened recently. They are used to expose the false rumors. 「Every user should think carefully about whether or not to publish or forward any information on their micro blog,」 said Zhu Xun, editor of an organization that tries to stop online rumors.
( ) 1. Yu Ying’s micro blog became popular because she _____.
A. works in a famous hospital B. releases a lot of fresh news
C. shares funny and useful information D. has a lot of friends to talk with
( ) 2. Micro blogs are often _____ than traditional blogs.
A. more interesting B. shorter C. more beautiful D. easier
( ) 3. Users can do the following things EXCEPT _____ on their micro blogs.
A. get the latest news B. chat with friends
C. share pictures D. send an e-mail
( ) 4. According to the passage, what caused the panic buying of salt?
A. The big earthquake and tsunami in Japan in March.
B. Scientists say salt can stop people from getting radiation.
C. Messages saying 「Salt can protect people from radiation」 were hot on micro blogs.
D. People paid more attention to their health after the earthquake.
( ) 5. Which of the following is TRUE about micro blogs?
A. It is easy but not fast to release a message on a micro blog.
B. You can write a message of about 150 characters on a micro blog.
C. We still can’t do anything about online rumors.
D. We shouldn’t believe everything we read on micro blogs.