在2018年的畢業季中，希拉蕊·柯林頓也回到了自己的母校——耶魯大學發表畢業演講。在演講中，她鼓勵畢業生們要做好輸掉一場戰鬥的準備，並在面臨困難時要有恢復力。
她著重講到了「堅韌」的重要性，鼓勵畢業生在遇到困難時保持自信，繼續前行。
埃莉諾·羅斯福曾說：「每一次你停下腳步與恐懼對視，你都會收穫自信、勇氣和力量，這樣你便可以告訴自己，我已經經歷過這一切了，我有勇氣面對下一個挑戰」。這便是堅韌。
以下是演講內容：
謝謝大家。我很高興參與今天的活動，與大家共享這一美妙的時刻。很遺憾，今年的儀式不能在室外舉行，但這個禮堂讓人感到十分親切。感謝耶魯大學校長Peter Salovey和Marvin Chun院長的盛情邀請。感謝主持人Alex同學。感謝各位畢業生的親友親臨現場，感謝各位通過網上直播收看畢業典禮的同學們。
I want to thank the president and the Dean Chun.Thank you, Alex, a razorback fan from little rock, Arkansas, for getting us started. Thanks to Alexis and Josh for your comments and introduction. Thanks to all of the family and friends here today for allowing me to share this happy occasion. And good afternoon to everyone joining us by livestream from around campus.
最重要的是，我要恭喜2018屆的各位畢業生們，雖然我知道你們中有三個來自密西根州的同學沒有在2016年大選的時候準時投票，但無論如何，恭喜你們！
But most of all, congratulations to the Class of 2018. I am thrilled for all of you, even the three of you who live in Michigan and didn’t request or absentee ballots in time.
在我開始正式演說之前，我想確認一下Pauli Murray和Benjamin Franklin學院的同學今天是否到場？（這兩個學院距離耶魯校園中心最遠）我擔心你們趕來的「航班」可能會延誤。
But before I go any further, I want to be sure,did the students from the New Colleges make it here? I worried that your flights might be delayed. Sorry Franklin and Pauli Murray, I heard you had agreat first year.
我非常榮幸被2018屆的同學邀請作為你們畢業演講的嘉賓。我看到在座各位同學都延續了「帽子盛會」的傳統，我也不例外。我帶了一頂來自俄羅斯的帽子。（掌聲和笑聲）我的意思是，如果我們沒辦法打敗俄國人，那不如加入他們。
I am honored that this class has invited me to be your speaker. I see looking out at you that you are following the tradition of over the top hats. So I brought a hat, too. A Russian hat. Look, I mean, if you can't beat them, join them!
今天和你們一起，我想起了很多久遠的往事。1969年的秋天，我第一次作為法學院新生來到耶魯校園。當時我穿著喇叭褲，開著我的小破車，車頂上還載著一個床墊。我當時完全不知道在耶魯等待著我的會是什麼。
Being here with you brings back a flood of memories. I remember the first time I arrived on campus as an incoming law student in the fall of 1969. Wearing my bell bottoms, driving a beat up old carwith a mattress tied to the roof. I had no idea what to expect.
說實話，我當時在哈佛和耶魯法學院之間糾結。在我糾結時，我受邀參加了哈佛法學院為錄取新生準備的雞尾酒會。在那裡我遇到了一位非常有名的法學教授，他穿著優雅的三件套西裝，戴著懷表鏈。
To be honest, I had had some trouble making up my mind between Yale and Harvard law schools. Then one day, while we were still in that period of decision making, I was invited to a cocktail party at Harvard for potentially incoming law students, where I met a famous law professor.
A friend of mine, a male law student introduced me to this famous law professor.I mean, truly big, three-piece suit, watch chain.
我的一位男性朋友，一名法學學生，介紹我和這位教授相識：「教授你好，這是希拉蕊·羅德姆。她正在猶豫應該入讀哈佛法學院還是我們最大的競爭對手（指耶魯法學院）。」 這位教授不屑地看了我一眼，說道：「首先，沒有學校可以和我們競爭。其次，我們哈佛不需要再招更多女生了。」 我本來也就更傾向於耶魯，但是這個教授的態度讓我下定了決心。
And my friend said, 『Professor, this is Hillary Rodham. She is trying to decide whether to come here next year or sign-up with our closest competitor.』The great man gave me a cool, dismissive look and said, 『Well first of all, we don't have any close competitors. And secondly, we don't need any more women at Harvard.』 I was leading toward Yale anyway, but that pretty much sealed the deal.
我在耶魯入學時，同年級235個法學院學生只有27名女性。1969年也是耶魯本科學院第一次招收女生。四年之後，《紐約時報》針對耶魯男女同校的調查顯示「女生比男生更加努力，並或多或少取得了更高的成績」。《紐約時報》還指出很多男性因此覺得受到了威脅。我對此感到震驚。
And when I came to Yale, I was one of 27 women out of 235 law students. It was the first year women were admitted to the college. And as that first class of women prepared to graduate four years later, the New York Times reported on Yale's foray into co-education noting that the women "worked harder and got some what better grades" than the 940 men graduating with them.
A fact, they went on to say, that some of the men apparently found threatening.Well, I was shocked.
這些年來，耶魯一直都是我的第二家園。我曾經多次回到母校，也曾在2001年耶魯300周年校慶的時候作為嘉賓發表演講。我希望你們也能對母校有這樣的感情。我在這裡認識了許多我最珍視的朋友和同事， 包括傑克·蘇利文等。我也見證了許多人的成長，比如Rebecca Shaw，她今天也將發表演講。
But over the years, Yale has been a home away from home for me, a place I have returned to time and time again. I spoke to Class Day back in 2001 on the 300 anniversary of the university and I hope that will be the case for many of you as well.
This school has been responsible for some of my most treasured friends and colleagues, people like Jake Sullivan and HaroldKoh, I have watched some of you grow up, like Rebecca Shaw who is graduating today and you will hear from shortly.
我在過去的一兩年也有幸和耶魯法學院的許多教授合作，包括新任院長希瑟·格金。許多耶魯的畢業生—你們之中有很多今天也在場—曾經和我在美國參議院、國務院和我的總統競選活動中共事。與他們的合作非常愉快，特別是我的一位競選實習生戴維·夏默，他也是今天畢業生中的一員。
I have been honored to serve over the last year or two, working with some of the Yale Law School faculty, including the new Dean Heather Gerken.
Now Yale grads, many of whom are also here today have worked for me in the United States senate, the state department, on my presidential campaigns and I have been so well served. I have a very dedicated campaign intern here graduating, David Shimer, the Class of 2018.
我同時也要承認，在我所有和耶魯有關的人生經歷中，恐怕沒有一件能和與比爾·柯林頓的相遇相比。我二年級那年，有一次和朋友們穿過學生休息室，看到了一個高高帥帥、留著像維京人一樣鬍鬚的男生。我問我的朋友這人是誰，我朋友告訴我這是比爾·柯林頓，他來自阿肯色州，他從來只知道談論他的家鄉。巧合的是，我當時正好聽到柯林頓說：「才不止這樣呢，我們還生產世界上最大的西瓜。」
But I have to confess, of all the formative experiences I had at Yale, perhaps none was more significant than the day during my second year when I was cutting through the student lounge with some friends.And I saw this tall, handsome guy with a beard who looked like a Viking.
I said to my friend, 『who is that?』 And she said 『well that’s Bill Clinton from Arkansas and that is all he ever talksabout』. And as if on cue, I hear him saying, 『And not only that, we grow thebiggest watermelons in the world』.
我當時很好奇這人到底是誰。當時他在不停地看我，我也在一直打量著他。過了幾天在法學院圖書館，我在學習的時候注意到他在不停地看我，而我又開始看他。我終於忍不住了，便走到他面前說：「我們既然已經這樣看來看去，不如相互做個自我介紹吧。我叫希拉蕊·羅德姆，你是誰？」而這成為了我們之間悠長故事的開端。
And I was like, who is this person? But you know he kept looking at me and I kept looking back. So we were in the law library one night, I was studying.
But I couldn’t help but see, you know occasionally as I lifted my head up, he was again looking at me. Finally I thought, 『this is ridiculous.』So I got up, went over to him and said, 『If you are going to look at me and I keep looking back, we at least get to be introduced. I am Hillary Rodham, who are you?』 And that started a conversation that continues to this day.
還有一次，我在耶魯法學院告示欄上看到一張傳單，這張傳單改變了我的命運。對了，可能只有你們的父母或者祖父母還有人知道告示欄和傳單是什麼。簡而言之，那是我們那個時代獲得信息的方式，就像今天的Facebook，唯一的區別是告示欄不會偷取你的個人信息。言歸正傳，那張傳單是關於Marian Wright Edelman，一位致力於民權運動的耶魯法學院畢業生。她後來創辦了保護兒童基金會。
It was also here at Yale that I saw a flyer in the law school on a bulletin board that changed my life. Now some of your parents or grandparents may remember flyers and bulletin boards. For the rest of you, suffice it to say, that was how we got information. It was like Facebook but the bulletin board didn’t steal your personal information.
Marian當時回到耶魯舉辦了一個講座，分享她如何幫助密西西比農村的兒童提高教育質量。我被這個講座深深震撼，那年暑假我加入了她的項目。這一經歷讓我認識到法律在保護兒童方面的力量和不足。與很多別的實踐經歷一樣，我從中學到了和課堂內容同樣重要的道理，而保護兒童也自此成為我畢生為之付出的理想。
So one day I saw a note about a woman named Marian Wright Edelman, a Yale law school graduate, civil rights activist who would go on to found the Children's Defense Fund. She was giving a lecture on campus.
I went and I was captivated to hear her talk about using her Yale education to create a head start program in rural Mississippi. I worked for her that summer and the experience opened my eyes to the ways thatthe law can protect children or come up short.
Because like many of you, I learn just as much outside the four walls of the classroom as I did sitting in a lecture hall. And I discovered a passion that has animated my life and work ever since.
從我畢業以來，耶魯發生了許多變化。2019年，我們將慶祝首批女性研究生畢業150周年和首批女性本科生畢業50周年。我聽說耶魯在官方文件中取消了"refreshman"這樣有男性偏見的用語，改為"First Year"。更棒的是，兩個男子合唱團也將開始招收女生。
這讓我想起了我當年申請加入合唱團的試音帶，現在就連維基解密也找不到它們在哪裡了。如果你覺得我的電子郵件都算得上一大醜聞的話，你真的應該去聽聽我唱歌。
A lot has changed since I was here. In 2019,Yale will celebrate the 50th anniversary of the matriculation of women at the college, and 150th anniversary of the first woman graduate student at Yale.
I heard that Yale officially changed the term 『freshman』 to 『first year』. I also heard amazingly that the Duke’s Men and Whiffenpoofs have started welcoming women.As for my long lost Whiffs audition tape, I have buried it so deep, not even WikiLeaks will be able to find it.If you thought my emails were scandalous, you should hear my singing voice.
今年的畢業生的來自全美50個州、華盛頓特區、關島，以及其他56個國家。在你們四年的大學生涯中，你們經歷了熬夜、圖書館搶位、早起、爬過科學之山(Science Hill)，可能還有幸在畢業前的「最後舞會」找到自己的愛人。現在嶄新的冒險擺在你們眼前。或許你們之中還有人對校園戀戀不捨，這也可以理解，因為你們正處於我們國家歷史上最紛亂複雜的時代之一，或許比我畢業的六十年代還要紛亂許多。
I find it very exciting that today's graduates hail from all 50 states, the districts from Colombia, Puerto Rico, Guamand 56 other countries. In your four years on campus, you』ve survived late nights in the bath cubicles, and early mornings in the Sterling stacks. You』ve trekked up science hill, maybe you』ve even found love at the last chance dance.
Now you are ready to take on your next adventure. Maybe some of you are reluctant to leave. I understand that. It is possible to feel both. Because the Class of 2018 is graduating at one of the most tumultuous times in the history of our country. And I say that as someone who graduated in the 60's.
我最近翻看了狄更斯的《雙城記》。我一般看完「這是一個最好的時代，這是一個最壞的時代」 就停下了。但這次我繼續往後看：「這是一個智慧的年代，這是一個愚蠢的年代； 這是一個光明的季節，這是一個黑暗的季節； 這是希望之春，這是失望之冬」。
I recently went back and looked up those famous lines from Charles Dickens in A Tale of Two Cities, because I usually end after saying 『it was the best of times, it was the worst of times'.
But it goes on, 『it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. It was the epic of belief, it was the epic of incredulity. It was the season of light, it was the season of darkness. It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.』
狄更斯講述的是法國大革命前夕的故事，但同樣的語言也可以用來描述今日美國的大起大落。我們生活在這樣的一個時代：基本權利、公民價值、出版自由、真相與邏輯等等都在遭受史無前例的攻擊；但與此同時我們也看到新的道德規範產生，公眾參與度增加，對國家與政治制度的自由信念空前。
Dickens was writing about the years leading up to the French Revolution. But it could have been describing the ricocheting highs and lows of this moment in America.
We are living through a time when fundamental rights, civic virtue, freedom of the press, even facts and reason are under assault like never before. We are also witnessing an era of new moral conviction, civic engagement, and a sense of devotion to our democracy and country.
時代的巨大挑戰將成為你們責無旁貸的使命。你們擁有足夠的品格和勇氣來應對這一動蕩的歷史時刻，而最重要的是，你們擁有足夠的堅韌。
So here's the good news. If any group were ever prepared to rise to the occasion, it is you, the Class of 2018. You have demonstrated the character and courage that will help you navigate this tumultuous moment.And most of all, you have demonstrated resilience.
我最近常常思考「堅韌」這個概念。我的偶像埃莉諾·羅斯福曾說：「每一次你停下腳步與恐懼對視，你都會收穫自信、勇氣和力量，這樣你便可以告訴自己，我已經經歷過這一切了，我有勇氣面對下一個挑戰」。這便是堅韌，
堅韌非常重要，因為每一個人一定會經歷失敗，而最重要的就是經歷失敗之後能夠爬起來繼續向前。作為耶魯大學即將畢業的學生，這聽上去可能難以接受。但是相信我，你一定會犯錯，會經歷失敗，不管你有多優秀。
That is a word that has been on my mind a lot recently. One of my personal heroes, Eleanor Roosevelt said, 『you gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face.
You are able to say to yourself, I have lived through this horror, I can take the next thing that comes along.』 That is resilience,and it is so important because everyone gets knocked down. What matters is whether you get back up and keep going.
This may be hard for a group of Yale soon-to-be graduates to accept, but you will make mistakes in life.You will even fail. It happens to all of us, no matter how qualified or capable we are.
如果不信的話，我自己便是一個活生生的例子。剛剛輸掉2016年大選的那幾個月對我來說一點也不好過。但是我們每個人都有面對失敗的應對機制：我當時去森林裡散步，就像耶魯學生去東巖公園裡一樣；我花幾個小時刷推特，你們也在耶魯Facebook群裡刷表情包；我喝了很多白葡萄酒，你們可能也在校園裡的小酒吧喝酒；我練習瑜伽和交替呼吸法，你們去上那堂叫做「美好生活」的心理課。
I remember those first months after that 2016 election were not easy.We all had our own methods of coping. I went for long walks in the woods.
Yale students went for long walks in East Rock Park. I spent hours going down a twitter rabbit hole. You spent hours inthe Yale memes group. I had my fair share of Chardonnay, you had pennying drinks at Walt’s. I practiced yoga and alternative nostril breathing, you took psych and the Good Life.
如果你們一定要問的話，我承認我還沒有完全忘記2016年的失敗。我還在想那次選舉，我還在後悔我當時犯下的錯誤，我堅信，理解美國歷史上這次如此奇怪而不可預知的選舉到底發生了什麼，將有助於我們在未來更好地捍衛民主制度，不論你是左派、右派、中間派、民主黨、共和黨、獨立黨派還是素食主義者。這（民主制度）對於我們都很重要。作為個人，我覺得一切還過得去，但是作為一個美國公民，我感到擔心。
And let me just get this out of the way. No, I am not over it.I still think about the 2016 election, I still regret the mistakes I made. I still think though that understanding what happened is such a weird and wild election in the American history, will help us defend our democracy in the future.
Whether you are right, left, center, republican, democratic, independent, vegetarian, whatever. We all have a stake in that.
我剛才說過，個人的堅韌很重要，但是僅僅只有個人的堅韌還不夠，我們作為一個群體也需要有堅韌的品質。這一品質在2018屆同學身上得到了充分的體現。
Today as a person, I am okay, but as an American, I am concerned. Personal resilience is important but it is not theonly form of resilience we need. We also need community resilience.
你們大二的時候參加了「堅韌大遊行」，這是耶魯歷史上最大的遊行活動。它由女性黑人學生領導，受到了學生和教職員工的廣泛支持，旨在讓耶魯成為一個對所有人都更加平等和安全的校園。你們中許多人說這次遊行是你們耶魯生涯中最重要的時刻，而這一認同體現了你們共同的價值觀。
That is something that this class has embodied during your time on campus. Literally at times, like in the March of resilience your sophomore year.
It was the biggest demonstration in the history of the school. That’s 300 plus years. Led by women of color, supported by students and faculty determined to make Yale a more just, equitable and safe place for everyone. Many of you have said that March was a defining moment inyour college experience and that says something about this class in your values.
然而現實是，校門之外，我們的國家比以往任何時候都更加分裂。我們將自己劃分進對立的陣營，而這種對立分裂了我們如何看待這個世界。
因此，我們出現了更多的自由派和保守派，而中間派卻日漸式微；我們的政黨在意識形態和地域上的分界更加明顯，北方的共和黨人和南方的民主黨人都越來越少。
在種族和宗教議題上的衝突比以往任何時候都更加激烈。隨著中間派越來越少，黨派對立愈發明顯。我不想在這裡討論政治，但是這不僅僅是一個「兩邊都有錯」的簡單問題。
Because the truth is our country is more polarized than ever. We have sorted ourselves into opposing camps and that divides how we see the world. The data backs this up. There are more liberals and conservatives than there used to be and fewer centrists.
Our political parties are more ideologically and geographically consistent, which means there are fewer northern republicans and southern democrats. The divides on race and religion are starker than ever before. As the middle shrank, partisan animosity group.
美國政治的極端化並不對稱：我們有的領導人明目張胆地用惡毒言論挑起人民矛盾，這些領導人害怕改變並認為國際政治是一場零和遊戲——如果別國獲得利益，那一定說明我們國家正陷於不利。而這就是導致政治極端化和國際衝突的典型邏輯。
人與人之間的聯結正在變得愈發脆弱。這一問題不僅僅導致了感恩節闔家團聚時令人不快的爭執；更重要的是，它威脅到了民主制度賴以生存的根本——公民社會之精神。這一精神正是託克維爾筆下美國政治制度獨特之所在。
I am not going to get political but this isn’t simply a both sides problem. The radicalization of American politics has not been symmetrical.
There are leaders in our country who blatantly incite people with hateful rhetoric, fear change, who see the world in zero-sum terms so if others are gaining, well, they must be losing.That is a recipe for polarization and conflict.
Our social fabric is fraying and the bonds of community that hold us together are fractured. This is not just a problem because it leads to unpleasant conversations over the Thanksgiving dinner table. It is a problem because it undermines the civic spirit that makes democracy possible. The habits of the heart that de Tocquevillefound so unique in the American character.
我認為，要想治療我們國家的創傷，我們需要「徹底的同理心」(radical empathy) 。我知道這很困難，但是我們現在必須跨越種族、階級和理念爭執的隔閡，嘗試以別人的角度來看這個世界，回到理智的思辨中，學會如何友善地表達不同意見，找回我們共同的集體歸屬感和人性的光輝。當我們評價政治和領導人時，我們不能只問自己「我自己現在有沒有過得比幾年前更好？」而是要關心「我們所有人，我們這個國家有沒有變得更好、更強大、更公平？」
I believe healing our country is going to take what I call a radical empathy. As hard as it is, this is the moment to reach across divides of race, class, and politics.
To try to see the world through the eyes of people very different from ourselves. And to return torational debate, to find a way to disagree without being disagreeable.
To try to recapture a sense of community and common humanity. We can't just ask, am I better off than I was two years or four years ago? We have to ask, are we all better off? Are we as a country better, stronger, and fairer?
你們在耶魯受到了這方面的訓練。你們懂得即使自己不是移民，當一個勤勤懇懇工作的父親被無緣無故驅逐出境的時候，你們也應該感到憤怒；即使自己不是有色人種，當黑人學生被社會孤立甚至特殊對待的時候，你也會知道平權還有很長的路要走；即使你自己不是槍擊案的受害者，當你聽到德州學校槍擊案的一個倖存學生說「我一點也不感到意外，我一直感覺這種慘劇總有一天也會發生在我身上」時，你也會明白我們辜負了自己的孩子。我們需要團結。我們需要儘快通過槍枝管控立法。
That is something you have done here at Yale. You have learned that you don’t need to be an immigrant to be outragedwhen a classmate's father, a human being who contributes to his family and his country, is unjustly deported.
You don’t need to be a person of color to understand that one black students feel singled out and targeted, we still have work to do. You don’t need to experience gun violence to know that when a teenager inn Taxis who just survived a mass shooting says, she is not surprised by what happened at school, because, I quote, 『I have always felt likeeventually it was going to happen here, too. 』
We are failing our children.So enough is enough, we need to come together and we certainly need common sense gun safety legislation as soon as we can get it.
同理心不僅僅是我們個人生活、家庭生活和社區生活的中心；它更應該是我們公共生活、政治生活和政策制定的中心。我們往往不覺得政治和同理心有什麼關係，但是他們可以也必須共生。前國務卿Madeleine Korbel Albright在她的新書《法西斯主義：全新的警示》中寫道：同理心這一靈魂的慷慨，對他人的關愛，對人人生而平等的信仰是抵抗以自我為中心，踐踏道德的法西斯主義的最好武器。Albright本人曾經在嬰兒時期逃離法西斯控制的捷克斯洛伐克，戰爭後回歸家園，但不久後再次逃離共產主義政權。
Now empathy should not only be at the center of our individuallives, our families and our communities, it should be at the center of our public life, our policies and our politics.
I know we don’t always think of politics and empathy as going hand in hand but they can and more than that, they must.
As former secretary Madeleine Albrightwrites in her terrific new book, Fascism: A Warning, she says, 『this generosity of spirit, this caring about others and about proposition that we are allcreated equal, is the single most effective antidote to the self-centered,moral numbness that allows fascism to thrive.
Of course, Madeleine had personal experience fleeing the Nazis in Czechoslovakia as a baby, returning after the war, fleeing the communist as a young girl.
這引出了堅韌的第三種形式：民主制度的堅韌。1787年在費城制憲會議之後，班傑明·富蘭克林，耶魯大學的榮譽畢業生，遇到了一位女士。這位女士問富蘭克林：「博士，這個國家會是一個共和國還是一個君主國？」富蘭克林答道：「共和國，但是它需要你的維護。」
That brings me to one more form of resilienceh as been on my mind over the last year, democratic resilience.In 1787, after the constitutional convention in Philadelphia, Benjamin Franklin, who by the way received anhonorary degree from Yale, was asked by a woman in the street outside the Independence Hall, 『Well Doctor, what have we got, a republic or a monarchy?』
Franklin answered, 『A republic, if you can keep it.』
我們正在面臨民主危機。當然，這個危機和上個世紀法西斯崛起的大肆逮捕不一樣。但是現在所發生的事件觸及到了我們的立國之本。我不是作為一個選舉失敗的民主黨人說這話，而是作為一個害怕失去我們國家的美國人。
Right now we are living through afull-fledged crisis in our democracy. There are not tanks in the streets, but what is happening right now goes to the heart of who we are as a nation. AndI say this not as a democrat who lost an election but as an American afraid of losing a country.
我們應該有一些超越政治的基本價值，但是對於法律的蔑視、對出版自由的攻擊、對選舉合法性的抹黑、明目張胆的政治腐敗、拒絕承認政治家本質上是人民公僕等都威脅著我們國家的團結。對於真相、真理、證據和事實的攻擊應該讓所有人都提高警惕。在座的同學享受了世界頂級的教育。
There are certain things that are soessential they should transcend politics. Waging a war on the role of law and a free press delegitimizing elections, perpetrating shameless corruption, and rejecting the idea that our leaders should be public servants undermines our national unity.
Attacking truth and a reason, evidence and facts should alarm us all. You and your parents have just paid for a first-class, world-class education.
耶魯歷史學教授Timothy Snyder在他的《論暴政》一書中寫道：「否定真相便是否定自由。如果真相不存在，那人們便不可能有理由質疑權威。如果不存在真實，那麼一切都會成為戲碼。」
As Yale history professor,Timothy Snyder writes in his book,On Tyranny, 『To abandon facts is to abandon freedom. If nothing is true, then no one can criticize power because there is no basis upon which to do so. If nothing is true, then all is spectacle.』
他的最新著作《通向不自由之路》中，Snyder教授的警示擲地有聲。威權主義的核心特徵便是試圖混淆真相和臆測，其目標是讓人們質疑邏輯和推理，從而最終開始猜忌那些我們最需要依靠的人：領導人，媒體，試圖以科學實證啟示公共政策的專家，甚至是我們自己。
I think Professor Snyder both in that book and his new one, the Road to Unfreedom, is sounding the alarm as loudly as he can.
Because attempting to erase the line between fact and fiction, truth andreality, is a core feature of authoritarianism. The goal is to make us question logic and reason and to sow mistrust toward exactly the people we need to rely on. Our leaders, the press, experts who seek to guide public policy based on evidence, even ourselves.
就在這周，前國務卿Rex Tillerson說，如果我們的領導人想要掩蓋事實，或者我們的人民習慣了接受與證據無關、虛假的真實，我們終將自己放棄自己的自由。
Just this week, former secretary of state Rex Tillersonsaid, if our leaders seek to conceal the truth, are we as people become accepting of alternative realities that are no longer grounded in facts, then we as American citizens are on a pathway to relinquishing our freedom. Perhaps it’s late, but he is absolutely right.
那麼我們要怎麼構建民主制度的堅韌？我們應該首先開始支持真相和邏輯，不僅僅在學術討論中這樣做，而要在我們的生活中時時刻刻踐行這個理念。我們應該認識到高等教育在創造機會、推動平等中起到的重要作用。我們要打擊虛假新聞，並支持勇敢、負責任的新聞工作者和他們的報導。最重要也最顯而易見的是，去投票，在每一次選舉中投票。
So how do we build our democratic resilience? I think it starts with standing up for truth, facts and reason, not just in the classroom or on campus, but every day in our lives.
It means speaking out about the vital role of higher education in our society to create opportunity and equality. It means calling out actual fake news when we see it, and supporting great journalists and their reporting, maybe even by subscribing to anewspaper. Most of all, as obvious as it seems, it means voting. In every election, not just the presidential ones.
是的，我們處在一個富有挑戰性的時代。我們曾經也經歷過許多挑戰。歐巴馬當選總統的那晚，我們許多人都充滿希望，甚至包括我自己—他的黨內競爭對手。但是從某種意義上說，我們今天應該比當時更加充滿希望，這經歷過逆境衝刷和實戰考驗的清晰的希望。
So yes these are challenging times for America but we have come through challenging times before.You know I think back to the night Barack Obamawas elected president. So many of us were jubilant, even I, who had once hoped to beat him was ecstatic.
It was such a hopeful moment. Yet in some ways, this moment feels even more hopeful because this is a battle-hardened hope. Temperate by loss, and clear eyed about the stakes.
我們鮮明反對那些傷害人民的政策，我們要為每一個人的尊嚴而戰。我們要將我們的情感轉化為行動。那些所有令人難以前行的苦難使得我們共同的堅韌變得格外可貴。
We are standing up to policies that hurt people, we are standing up for all people being treated with dignity. We are doing the work to translate feelings into action. The fact that some days it is really hard to keep at it just makes it that much more remarkable that so many of us are in fact keeping at it.
夜以繼日的奮鬥是極其困難的，但是我們做到了。我因此變得樂觀，因為你們展現了美國人民令人難以置信的堅韌和力量。我近幾個月遇到的許多人和事都給了我希望：帕克蘭的學生以勇氣和決心面對常人難以想像的校園慘案；通過我選舉後創辦的組織，我認識了許多社會運動團體和領導人，並和他們共同激勵公民政治參與。
It is not easy to wade back into the fight every day, but we are doing it. That is why I am optimistic because of how unbelievably tough Americans are proving to be.I have encountered lots of people in recent months to give me hope.
The Parkland students who endured unthinkable tragedy and have responded with courage and resolve. he leaders and groups I have gotten to know throughout work together an organization is tarted after the election to encourage grassroots engagement that we were seeing.
許多人自此開始了人生中第一次真正意義上的政治活動，他們鼓勵選民參加投票或調研自己所關心的政治議題；一波又一波的女性參加選舉並贏得政治席位；男性和女性攜手改變女性遭受性騷擾和性暴力的狀況。
Everyone who is registering voters and diving into the issues facing us like never before. Some for the very first time in their lives.I find hope in the wave of women running for office and winning, and hope in the women and men who are dismantling the notion that women should have to endure harassment and violence as a part of our lives.
我們還有很長的路要走，很多的仗要打，很多的事情要去改變。我們需要格外注意才能保持鬥志和警惕。不要閉上眼睛，不要讓我們的心變得僵硬，不要想讓別人來幫忙。
We have a long way to go, there are many fights to fight and more seem to arise every day. It will take work to keep up the pressure, to stay vigilant. To neither close our eyes nor numb our hearts or throw up our hands and say, someone else take over from here.
在這個歷史節點，只有每一個人都相信自己行動的力量，不管我們的力量看上去多麼渺小，我們的目標看上去多麼遙遠；每一個人不論自己支持的候選人是否勝利都去投票；每一個人都對自治自決充滿信念並願意作出實際讓步來實現普惠的目標，我們的國家才有希望。
At this moment in our history, our country depends on every citizen believing in the power of their actions, even whenthat power is invisible and their efforts feel like an up hill battle.
Every citizen voting in every election, even when your side loses, it is a matter of infinite faith, this faith we have in our ability to govern ourselves, to come together, to make honorable compromise in the pursuit of ends that will lift us all up and move us forward.
是的，我們需要調整步調，彼此依靠，共同尋找美、善、勇氣和英雄。我們需要學會在尊重彼此的前提下討論爭議；我們要做好失敗的心理準備，因為我們必然會經歷失敗。就像約翰·麥凱恩最近提醒我們的那樣：正義的信念即使迷失，也永不脆弱。無論發生了什麼，最重要的是我們一直堅持前行。
So yes, we need to pace ourselves that also lean on each other. Look for the good wherever we can, celebrate heroes,encourage children, find ways to disagree respectfully. We need to be ready to lose some fights, because we will. As John McCain recently reminded us, 『No just cause is futile, even if it is lost. What matters is to keep going, no matter what, keep going.』
今天的耶魯和五十年前的耶魯有著巨大區別，甚至與四年前也大不相同。四年前，耶魯沒有一所學院以女性命名；而今天，Pauli Murray學院紀念著這位偉大的平權活動家的巨大成就；Grace Hopper學院紀念著這位耶魯畢業生、海軍第一批計算機工程師之一。
he Yale you are graduating from is very different from the Yale I graduated from. It is different even from the Yale that welcomed you four years ago. Four years ago, not one of Yale's colleges was named after a woman.
Today, students are carrying on the legacy of atrailblazing LGBT civil rights activist, at Pauli Murray College, and celebrating one of Yale's own hidden figures, at Grace Hopper College, named after the navalofficer who happened to be one of the first computer programmers in the America.
這些改變不是自然而然發生的，而是你們不懈鬥爭帶來的改變。所以我說，在耶魯改變你們的同時，你們也在改變著耶魯。現在是你們去改變世界的時候了。我相信，你們最好的時代、耶魯最好的時代和美國最好的時代都在將來，而你們每一個人都將帶領世界走向這更美好的未來。
Those changes didn’t happen on their own. You made them possible. You kept fighting, you kept the faith. And because of that, in the end, you changed Yale as much as Yale changed you.
And now is the time for you to make your mark on the world. I know the best. The best for you, for Yale and for Americais yet to come, and you each will have a role to play and a contribution to make