【概要寫作命題規律和趨勢】
根據《普通高等學校招生全國統一考試英語考試說明〈高考綜合改革試驗省份試用〉》（第一版）可知，概要寫作的設題形式如下：
提供一篇350字以內的短文，短文體裁以說明文和議論文為主，要求考生在正確理解文章的基礎上，在不改變原文中心思想的前提下，用簡明、精煉的語言高度濃縮文章的主要內容和觀點，寫出一篇60字左右的內容概要。
【概要寫作解題策略和技巧】
第一，讀懂原文，抓住大意。
這是概要寫作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正確地理解原文，不能準確地把握文章大意，那麼我們的概要寫作就會下筆千言離題萬裡。語言再優美地道也是無用之功，南轅北轍。
第二，定位主題句，找到關鍵。
概要寫作涉及的文體主要有兩種：議論文和說明文，針對不同的文體，我們要採用不同的方法定位主題句，或者找出關鍵信息。
議論文的概括先要弄清楚文章的觀點、論據和結論，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。通常，一篇文章有幾個段落就有幾個中心句。文中有一分為二的觀點的，兩種觀點都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點。
例如：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as 「bracketing」. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
本段陳述的主要內容為：做一個好的傾聽者需要全神貫注，即是bracketing法則：第一，暫時摒棄個人的偏見和要求，設身處地地為別人著想；第二，暫時全面地接受對方。只有這樣才能做到彼此真正交流，才能促進雙方共同進步。
主題句為：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.，但是在概括中還必須包括bracketing所得到的兩個要點：giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires和a temporary acceptance of the other person
整合後可形成這樣的主題內容：Following the rule 「bracketing」, which means listening without prejudices and with acceptance, is of vital importance in helping you become a good listener.
說明文通常會有中心句，寫概要時要注意找出中心句，抓住關鍵詞，然後用自己的話重組文章的信息。
例如：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system. In a statement, the California Institute of Technology (Calatech) said this planet travels in a strange orbit in the distant solar system. The discovery was made by two researchers at Caltech: Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown. They used mathematical modeling and computer simulations(模擬) to find the planet. So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.
本段落的主要內容為科學家們發現了第九大行星存在證據，不過目前為止對此行星並沒有直接的觀測發現。
主題句為：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system… So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.
用自己的語言重組後，關鍵信息如下：Though scientists have not observed the faraway planet directly, they say it is evident that there exists a giant planet in our solar system.
第三，組織語言，轉換表達。
在概要寫作的評分標準中，第五檔（21-25分）中對語言表達獨立性的要求為：完全使用自己的語言。
有個別整句抄自原文的降低一個檔次給分（第四檔）；出現兩句以上照抄原文的，再降低一個檔次給分（第三檔）。
這就要求我們在概要寫作的過程中，在讀懂原文、抓住大意、定位主題句和找到關鍵信息之後，要做的就是對語言的潤色加工了。在這個過程中，我們可以採用同義替換、語義轉換、要點重組、巧用關聯詞等方法靈活準確地表達，以達到語言表達獨立性的要求。
例如：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might perish. One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing; more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds. He says small changes-like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use-could make a big difference.
本段落的主要內容分為：研究者呼籲世界各國加強合作，為過境的鳥兒提供一個安全的棲息地。
小小的善行能帶來大大不同。
主題句為：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries…small changes…could make a big difference.
可同義替換為contribute a lot; small changes可轉換為a little kindness，同時可用關聯詞for來連接兩個句子，表述承接關係。由此，要點可整合為：Researchers urge countries to make joint efforts to provide a safe place for birds passing through their boundaries, for a small kindness can really contribute a lot.。
【熱點話題】社會熱點；學生生活；暑期活動
【限時檢測】
【高考真題和樣題】
書面表達(滿分25分)
81.請閱讀下面有關中國題材紀錄片(documentary)
對話，並按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food...
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.
【寫作內容】
1.用約30個詞概括上述對話的主要內容；
2.談談中國題材紀錄片受到外國朋友歡迎的原因(至少兩點)。
【寫作要求】
1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；
2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱；
3.不必寫標題。
【評分標準】
內容完整語言規範，語篇連貫，詞數適當。
CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.
Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.
Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.
【分析】
這是一篇讀寫任務。
【詳解】第一步:審題。審題的目的是獲取重要信息。通過審題我們可以確定幾個方面的信息。要求閱讀中國題材紀錄片的對話，寫一篇150個詞文章。包括兩部分。
(一)、用30詞概括對話內容。(二)、談談中國題材紀錄片受到外國朋友歡迎的原因。要求至少兩點原因。
第二步:布局段落，確定主要段落，次要段落，段落數量。這篇寫作段落數量為四段。第一段，概括對話內容。第二段和第三段，中國題材紀錄片受到外國朋友歡迎的原因。第四段，總結因為電影吸引外國人想來到中國。
第三步:確定關鍵詞彙和短語: produced by, provide…with, either…or, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.
第四步:確定較為高級的句子: 非謂語動詞結構a documentary produced by BBC；定語從句的運用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
第五步:連句成文，注意使用恰當的連接詞進行過渡銜接: for one thing, for another.
第六步:注意書寫，保持卷面整潔，避免劃線，亂擦。
【點睛】文章思路清晰，語言規範，段落整齊，語篇連貫，層次清晰。
使用了較為高級的句式: 非謂語動詞結構a documentary produced by BBC；定語從句的運用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 狀語從句和賓語從句的運用 the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.這些高級句式的應用提升了寫作的檔次，整個短文顯示出了作者高水平的英語表達能力。
話題：父母鼓勵孩子的方式
難度：★★ 建議用時：25分
閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, 「We』ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.」 By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents』praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. 「We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,」 says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. 「One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.」
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相稱的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
【分析】
❶ 如今，父母總是給孩子們大多的讚揚，希望增強他們的自信，但是這可能會產生相反的效果。
Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerable praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect.
❷ 然而，父母不表揚同樣有損他們的自信心。
However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence.
❸ 因此，專家認為，應該因為努力過程而讚揚孩子，而不是因為事情的結果讚揚孩子。
Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result.
❹ 同時，如果孩子盡責做事，確實值得讚揚。總之，你能給的讚揚程度應取決於他們的努力程度。
《普通高中英語課程標準（2017 年版 2020 年修訂）》指出∶"主題為語言學習提供主題範圍或主題語境。學生對主題意義的探究應是學生學習語言的最重要內容，直接影響學生語篇理解的程度、思維發展的水平和語言學習的成效。"
長期以來，高中英語教學一直把語言知識的學習作為閱讀課的主要教學目標，側重於識記、領會和簡單應用等低階思維訓練，忽略分析、綜合與評價等高階思維的培養。這種做法不利於從根本上提高學生的思維品質，導致許多學生的閱讀理解和完形填空得分不理想。
語言學習既要掌握語言知識，更要通過語言感受文化。主題語境不僅規約著語言知識和文化知識的學習範圍，還為語言學習提供意義語境，並有機滲透情感、態度和價值觀。
《高考英語核按鈕主題語境閱讀 60練》突破以語言知識學習或閱讀技能訓練為中心的傳統模式，改變常見英語教輔閱讀產品的碎片化現象。
將在主題語境下探究文本所蘊含的思想文化內涵作為拓展性閱讀教學的出發點和落腳點，以閱讀理解和完形填空為練習形式，以"人與自我""人與社會"和"人與自然"三大主題語境為主線，涵蓋三大主題語境下的 32 項子主題，引領學生深入探究主題語境，關注文本的文化延伸，幫助學生實現知情合一，達到全面提升學科素養的目的。
全書 60 練，由 152 篇閱讀理解和44 篇完形填空組合而成。
試題設問符合課程標準對閱讀理解和完形填空能力的要求，每練按計時方式進行訓練，以促進學生養成科學的解題習慣。
參考答案部分提供了重點單詞和短語的釋義，難句解析和試題詳解。
本書能為教與學提供系統的深度的主題語境閱讀內容，用於開展從低層次思維向高層次思維發展的課堂活動，幫助學生從表層理解走向深層理解，學會批判性地閱讀，以及反思與評價。
《高考英語核按鈕主題語境閱讀 60練》以主題語境為引，提升閱讀和完形解題能力，助力學習輕負增效，是強化訓練、快速提升學科素養和思維水平的不二選擇。
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