研究揭示不同口渴方式的細胞基礎
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/10/16 15:24:04
美國加州理工學院Yuki Oka小組揭示了不同口渴方式的細胞基礎。該研究於2020年10月14日在線發表於《自然》。
研究人員採用單細胞RNA測序技術進行刺激到細胞類型的定位，來鑑定了引起不同類型口渴的細胞底物。這些研究揭示了在每個室周器官結構中不同類型的興奮性神經元和抑制性神經元。
研究人員表明，在滲透和血流壓力時，這些神經元類型的獨特組合被激活。這些結果闡明了不同口渴方式基礎的細胞邏輯。此外，在口渴模式特異性細胞類型中的光遺傳學功能重現了由兩種不同刺激引起的水特異性和非特異性流體食慾。
總之，這些結果表明，口渴是一種多模式生理狀態，而不同的口渴狀態是由哺乳動物腦中特定的神經元類型介導的。
據悉，液體攝入是一種基本的先天行為，主要是由兩種不同的口渴引起的。血液滲透壓升高導致口渴，會驅使動物消耗純淨水。相反，體液的流失會引起口渴，動物會同時尋求水和礦物質（鹽）以恢復血液量。終板的腦室器官是檢測兩種類型口渴刺激的關鍵部位。然而，如何在大腦中編碼不同的口渴方式仍然未知。
附：英文原文
Title: The cellular basis of distinct thirst modalities
Author: Allan-Hermann Pool, Tongtong Wang, David A. Stafford, Rebecca K. Chance, Sangjun Lee, John Ngai, Yuki Oka
Issue&Volume: 2020-10-14
Abstract: Fluid intake is an essential innate behaviour that is mainly caused by two distinct types of thirst1,2,3. Increased blood osmolality induces osmotic thirst that drives animals to consume pure water. Conversely, the loss of body fluid induces hypovolaemic thirst, in which animals seek both water and minerals (salts) to recover blood volume. Circumventricular organs in the lamina terminalis are critical sites for sensing both types of thirst-inducing stimulus4,5,6. However, how different thirst modalities are encoded in the brain remains unknown. Here we employed stimulus-to-cell-type mapping using single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the cellular substrates that underlie distinct types of thirst. These studies revealed diverse types of excitatory and inhibitory neuron in each circumventricular organ structure. We show that unique combinations of these neuron types are activated under osmotic and hypovolaemic stresses. These results elucidate the cellular logic that underlies distinct thirst modalities. Furthermore, optogenetic gain of function in thirst-modality-specific cell types recapitulated water-specific and non-specific fluid appetite caused by the two distinct dipsogenic stimuli. Together, these results show that thirst is a multimodal physiological state, and that different thirst states are mediated by specific neuron types in the mammalian brain.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2821-8
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2821-8