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堅持以人民為中心 推進全球人權進步
——王毅國務委員兼外長在聯合國人權理事會第46屆會議高級別會議上的講話
中華人民共和國國務委員兼外交部長 王毅
2021年2月22日
A People-centered Approach for Global Human Rights Progress
Remarks by H.E. Wang Yi
State Councilor and Foreign Minister of the People’s Republic of China
At the High-level Segment of the 46th Session of
The United Nations Human Rights Council
22 February 2021
很高興代表中國政府向聯合國人權理事會第46屆會議致辭。It gives me great pleasure to speak at the 46th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council on behalf of the Chinese government. 人類正在同新冠肺炎疫情進行艱苦卓絕的鬥爭。病毒是我們共同的敵人，戰勝疫情是我們承擔的使命，團結合作是我們唯一的選擇。At this moment, humanity is still in a tough battle with COVID-19. The coronavirus is our common enemy, defeating the virus is our mission, solidarity and cooperation is our only option. 這場世紀大流行給全人類帶來巨大災難。1億多人染疫，200多萬生命消逝，1.3億人口返貧。全球不平等加劇，南北差距拉大，發展權受到新的挑戰。同時，種族主義和排外主義進一步抬頭，虛假信息和仇恨言論泛濫。個別國家熱衷於利用疫情搞政治化、汙名化，廣大發展中國家獲得疫苗的正當要求未得到重視和滿足。The pandemic has afflicted calamitous impact on humankind. To date, COVID-19 has infected more than 100 million people, claimed over two million lives, and pushed 130 million people back into poverty. Global inequality is exacerbated, the North-South divide is widened, and the right to development is faced with new challenges.At the same time, racism and xenophobia are re-surfacing. Disinformation and hate speech are spreading. Certain countries are obsessed with politicizing the virus and stigmatizing other nations. Legitimate demand by developing countries for vaccines is not getting adequate attention, and their need is not met. 面對百年未有之大變局和百年未遇之大疫情，如何促進和保護人權？這是我們必須認真思考、嚴肅回答的一個重大課題。中國主張：How to promote and protect human rights in the face of these unprecedented changes around the world and this once-in-a-century pandemic? It is a big question that must be answered with deep reflection. China holds the following views. 第一，堅持以人民為中心的人權理念。人是人權之本，人民的利益是人權事業的出發點和落腳點，增加人民的獲得感、幸福感、安全感是人權的根本追求和國家治理的終極目標。堅持以人民為中心，要體現在人民真正當家作主，參與國家治理和政治協商，體現在不斷縮小貧富差距，促進人的全面發展。First, we should embrace a human rights philosophy that centers on the people. The people are what human rights are all about. The people’s interests are where the human rights cause starts and ends. Increasing people’s sense of gains, happiness and security is the fundamental pursuit of human rights as well as the ultimate goal of national governance. The people-centered philosophy means that the people should be the real masters of their country, and that they should take part in national governance and political consultation. It also means that the wealth gap should be narrowed, and that all-round development of the people should be promoted. 第二，堅持人權普遍性與各國實際相結合。和平、發展、公平、正義、民主、自由是各國普遍認同的全人類共同價值。《聯合國憲章》《世界人權宣言》為全球人權事業確立了崇高目標，制定了基本原則，各國都應遵循和踐行。同時，各國國情不同，歷史文化、社會制度、經濟社會發展水平存在差異，必須按照本國國情和人民需求推進保護人權。Second, we should uphold both universality and particularity of human rights. Peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom are common values shared by all humanity and recognized by all countries. The UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have set out lofty ideals and basic principles for advancing human rights. They should be observed and delivered by all countries. On the other hand, countries differ from each other in history, culture, social system and level of economic and social development. Therefore they must promote and protect human rights in light of their national realities and the needs of their people. 第三，堅持系統推進各類人權。人權內涵是全面的，既包括公民政治權利，也包括經濟社會文化權利，其中生存權和發展權是首要基本人權。各類人權需要統籌兼顧，整體施策，多措並舉，全方位、全領域、全過程系統推進。人權範疇是不斷發展的，健康權利和環境權利也應置於更加突出的位置。Third, we should systemically advance all aspects of human rights. Human rights are an all-encompassing concept. They include civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights. Among them, the rights to subsistence and development are the basic human rights of paramount importance. We should take coordinated, integrated and multi-pronged steps to advance all aspects of human rights in all dimensions and fields throughout the whole process. The scope of human rights is constantly evolving, and the right to health and the environmental right should also be given more prominence. 第四，堅持國際人權對話與合作。保護和推進人權是大家共同的事業，全球人權治理要由各國共同商量，人權發展成果要由各國人民共同分享。人權不是少數國家的專利，更不能成為向別國施壓、幹涉內政的工具。各國要恪守聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，在平等和相互尊重的基礎上開展人權交流與合作，推動國際人權事業健康發展。Fourth, we should continue to promote international dialogue and cooperation on human rights. Protecting and promoting human rights is a common cause for us all. Global human rights governance should be advanced through consultation among all countries. And the benefits of human rights progress should be shared by people of all countries. Human rights are not a monopoly by a small number of countries, still less should they be used as a tool to pressure other countries and meddle in their internal affairs. All countries should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, carry out human rights exchange and cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and jointly promote the sound development of the international human rights cause. 對中國而言，今年是一個極其重要的年份，我們將迎來中國共產黨百年華誕，開啟全面建設社會主義現代化國家的新徵程。在中國共產黨領導下，我們成功開創出一條得到人民廣泛擁護的中國特色社會主義道路，也成功走出了一條符合中國國情和需要的人權發展道路。This year is extremely important for China. We will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and start the new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country. Under the CPC leadership, we have embarked on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics which is widely endorsed by our people, and found the path of human rights development that suits China’s national conditions and needs. 我們實現了現行標準下農村貧困人口全部脫貧，提前10年完成2030年可持續發展議程減貧目標，圓了中華民族的千年夢想，是具有裡程碑意義的人權成就。中國的脫貧攻堅不僅體現在人民收入和生活水平的提高，更體現在確保每一個人的教育權、醫療權和住房權。With all rural residents living below the current poverty line lifted out of poverty, we have met the target of eradicating extreme poverty set out in the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development ten years ahead of schedule, thus turning into reality the Chinese nation’s dream of thousands of years. It is a milestone in our human rights achievement. China’s poverty eradication is not just about higher income and living standards. More important, it is also about ensuring every individual’s rights to education, healthcare and housing. 中國建成了世界上最大的社會保障體系。這一保障體系涵蓋養老、醫療、低保、住房在內方方面面。中國國內生產總值突破100萬億人民幣，社會長期保持穩定，為推進中國人權事業奠定了堅實基礎。China has put in place the world’s largest social security system covering elderly care, healthcare, subsistence allowance and housing. With its GDP exceeding 100 trillion RMB yuan and long-term social stability, China has laid a solid foundation for advancing its human rights cause. 面對突如其來的新冠肺炎疫情，中國政府堅持人民至上、生命至上，始終把每一個人的安全和健康放在第一位，全力捍衛人的生命價值和尊嚴。我們還開展了新中國歷史上規模最大的全球緊急人道行動，向有需要的各國和國際組織施以援手，踐行人類衛生健康共同體理念。Faced with the sudden onslaught of COVID-19, the Chinese government has followed the people-first approach, put the safety and health of every person front and center, and made every effort to safeguard the life and dignity of the people. We also launched a global emergency humanitarian campaign, the largest of its kind since the founding of New China, to extend a helping hand to the countries and international organizations in need. It was one of our concrete steps to honor our commitment to building a global community of health for all. 疫苗事關人民的健康權、生存權和發展權，是當前優先推進的工作。疫苗應全球公平分配，尤其是確保發展中國家的可及性和可負擔性。中國是最早承諾將疫苗作為全球公共產品的國家，我們克服自身困難，正在向53個有需求的國家提供無償援助，向22個願意購買的國家出口疫苗，這些絕大多數都是發展中國家。我們希望所有有能力的國家攜起手來，共同為此作出應有貢獻。Vaccines concern the rights to health, subsistence and development of the people, hence the priority of our current endeavors. Global distribution of vaccines must be fair and in particular, accessible and affordable to developing countries. As the first country that pledged to make vaccines a global public good, notwithstanding difficulties at home, China is providing free vaccines to 53 countries in need, and exporting vaccines to 22 countries who have made purchasing requests. The overwhelming majority of them are developing countries. We hope that all countries that have the capability will join hands and make due contributions. 中國支持世界各國本著相互尊重的原則加強人權交流與合作，但反對以雙重標準對別國攻擊抹黑，反對借人權問題幹涉別國內政。China supports more exchange and cooperation on human rights in the principle of mutual respect. But we oppose using double standards to make slanderous attacks on other countries, and we also oppose using human rights as an excuse to interfere in other countries』 internal affairs. 涉疆問題的本質是反暴恐、反分裂問題。中國新疆地區認真落實聯合國制定的《防止暴力極端主義行動計劃》，借鑑其他國家的類似做法，依法開展去極端化工作，完全符合《聯合國全球反恐戰略》的原則和精神。經過各族人民的努力，新疆地區已連續4年多沒有再發生暴恐案件，社會安全穩定，發展持續向好，人民安居樂業。2010年至2018年，新疆維吾爾族人口增加近255萬，增長25%，遠遠高於同期全疆人口13.99%和漢族人口2%的增幅。新疆各族勞動者根據自己的意願選擇職業，享有各項勞動權益，人身自由從未受到任何限制。新疆依法保障各族民眾宗教信仰自由的權利，建有2.4萬多座清真寺，平均每530位穆斯林就擁有一座清真寺。這些基本事實表明，新疆地區從來就不存在什麼「種族滅絕」、「強迫勞動」和「宗教壓迫」。這些聳人聽聞的說法源於無知和偏見，純屬惡意的政治炒作，與事實完全相反。新疆地區的大門始終是敞開的，到訪過新疆的各國人士都能實地了解到事實和真相，我們也歡迎聯合國人權高專訪問新疆。Xinjiang-related issues are in essence about countering violent terrorism and separatism. The Xinjiang region of China has been earnestly implementing the UN Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, drawing on similar practices of other countries and taking de-radicalization measures in accordance with law. All this is fully consistent with the principles and spirit of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Thanks to the efforts of the local people of all ethnic groups, there has been no violent terrorist case for more than four years in a row in Xinjiang. The region now enjoys social stability and a sound development momentum. And the local people are living a safe and happy life. Between 2010 and 2018, the Uyghur population in Xinjiang increased by nearly 2.55 million, registering a growth rate of 25%. This is much higher than the 13.99% growth rate of the entire population in Xinjiang, and far higher than the 2% growth rate of the Han population in the region. Workers of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang can choose professions based on their own will, and enjoy labor rights and interests. Their personal freedom is never restricted. Xinjiang protects the freedom of religious belief for all ethnic groups in the region in accordance with law. There are more than 24,000 mosques in Xinjiang, and that’s one mosque for every 530 Muslims on average. These basic facts show that there has never been so-called 「genocide」, 「forced labor」 or 「religious oppression」 in Xinjiang. Such inflammatory accusations are fabricated out of ignorance and prejudice. They are simply malicious and politically-driven hypes, and couldn’t be further from the truth. The door to Xinjiang is always open. People from many countries who have visited Xinjiang have learned the facts and the truth on the ground. China also welcomes the High Commissioner for Human Rights to visit Xinjiang. 香港國安法彌補了香港地區在維護國家安全方面長期存在的法律漏洞，開啟了香港形勢由亂及治的重大轉折，有利於「一國兩制」實踐行穩致遠，也保護了香港居民根據基本法所享有的合法權利和自由。近300萬香港市民自發籤名力挺香港國安法，近70%香港市民認為香港在國安法實施後更安全穩定，充分說明香港國安法深得人心。我們對香港的未來充滿信心。The legislation on safeguarding national security in Hong Kong has plugged the long-existing legal loopholes in Hong Kong, and facilitated a major turnaround from turbulence to law and order. It is conducive to the steady and sustained implementation of the policy of One Country, Two Systems. It protects the lawful rights and freedoms that the residents of Hong Kong enjoy under the Basic Law. Nearly three million Hong Kong residents signed a petition in strong support of the legislation. Nearly 70% of the residents feel that Hong Kong is more secure and stable since the national security law took effect. All this speaks volumes about the extensive public support for the legislation. We have every confidence in the future of Hong Kong. 我們剛剛迎來了中國農曆牛年。牛象徵著勤勞和力量，牛年預示著收穫和希望。讓我們攜起手來，堅持以人民為中心，共同促進和保護人權，推動構建人類命運共同體！We are at the beginning of the Chinese Lunar Year of the Ox. The ox symbolizes diligence and strength, and heralds a year of harvest and hope. Let us join hands to promote and protect human rights with the people-centered approach and facilitate the building of the community with a shared future for mankind.In conclusion, I wish this session of the UN Human Rights Council positive outcomes.
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