Have you ever thought about why some people, after experiencing great changes in their lives, eventually become more tough and peaceful, while others fall apart and stagnate?
你有沒有想過，為什麼有些人經歷了人生巨變之後，最終變得更堅韌平和，而另一些人卻分崩離析、停滯不前？
Before things happen, it's hard to predict who will break and then establish, Nirvana will be reborn, and who will try their best to survive in the struggle.
事情發生之前，我們很難預測誰會破而後立、涅槃重生，誰又會用盡了全力也只是在掙扎中勉強度日。
Of course, we all want to be in the former category, but in fact, it is hard to say how we will respond to disasters or crises that shake our existing world outlook.
當然，我們都希望自己能是前一類，但實際上當那些動搖我們現有世界觀的災難或危機發生時，我們將如何應對是很難說的。
However, there is a theory of mind that can explain the mechanism of this transformation - the theory of positive disintegration (TPD).
不過的確存在一種心理理論，可以對這種轉變的發生機制進行解釋——這種理論即積極分裂/良性解體理論(Theory of Positive Disintegration，TPD）。
The word "disintegration" can be confusing --
「解體」（Disintegration）一詞可能會你讓摸不著頭腦——
it's often used in situations where something disintegrates completely, burns to ashes, is swept away by the waves, or is blown away by storms.
這個詞通常用於某些解離的情況，比如某物完全分解，被燒成灰燼，被浪潮衝走，又或被風暴吹散沒了影蹤。
Positive division / benign disintegration theory (TPD)積極分裂/良性解體理論(TPD)
In 1960s, Kazimierz Dąbrowski, a Polish psychologist and psychiatrist,proposed TPD, which explained the development process of personality in the process of integration and disintegration.
1960年代，波蘭心理學家和精神病學家東布羅夫斯基（Kazimierz Dąbrowski）提出了TPD，解釋了人格在整合與解體中的發展過程。
East brofsky's childhood was deeply influenced by the first World War.
東布羅夫斯基的童年深受第一次世界大戰的影響。
At the beginning of the war, he was only 12 years old. He spent almost all his early youth in the war.
戰爭開始時他只有12歲，青少年早期幾乎都是在戰爭中度過。
Dong brossky, who has experienced the human misery, observed that some people collapsed in the war, while others gained the growth of their own nature and the meaning of life.
親歷了人間悲苦的東布羅斯基，觀察到一些人在戰亂中崩潰坍塌，而另一些人卻獲得了自性的成長和人生的意義。
奧斯維辛倖存者、意義治療創始人弗拉克爾：」人所擁有的任何東西都可以被剝奪，唯獨人性最後的自由---也就是在任何境遇中選擇面對的態度和生活方式的自由---永遠不能被剝奪。「
Why is that?
為什麼會這樣呢？
East brossky's answer to this question eventually formed the theory of benign disintegration, which in turn laid a theoretical foundation for the modern post-traumatic growth model.
東布羅斯基對這個問題的回答最終形成了良性解體理論，這反過來又為現代創傷後成長（post-traumatic growth）模型奠定了理論基礎。
His theory emphasizes the role of psychological discomfort in personality development.
他的人格理論強調心理不適（psychological discomfort）在人格發展中的作用。
This is different from the hypothesis of most theories.
這與多數理論的假設不同——
In some personality theories, the personality development of each stage or level transits smoothly to the next level, while the benign disintegration theory points out that the development is driven by internal conflict, anxiety and even trauma (Mika, 2005).
有的人格理論中，每個階段或水平的人格發展都是平穩過渡到下一級的，而良性解體理論則指出發展是被內部衝突、焦慮甚至創傷所驅動的(Mika, 2005)。
Dong brossky has noticed that individuals who are reborn through crisis or trauma often have a psychological extra sensitivity or "transcendency", which enables them to experience the crisis in life in a stronger, deeper and more personal way.
東布羅斯基注意到，那些借著危機或創傷浴火重生的個體，往往具備一種心理超敏性（psychological extra-sensitivity）或「激越力（overexcitability）」，使得他們能夠以更強大、更深層、更個人的方式去經歷人生中的危機。
These individuals are more likely to reflect and re evaluate the trauma events.
這些個體對創傷事件更可能出現反思與認知重評價的反應
This behavior can promote them to enter and pass through the five development levels proposed by dongbrosky.
這一行為可以推動他們進入並通過東布羅斯基提出的五個發展水平
The whole development process is affected by the following three factors:
整個發展過程受到下面3個因素的影響：
this factor originates from the most basic and instinctive level of self;
這個因素起源於自我的最基本和最本能的層次；
it is the genetic expression of survival instinct such as hunger, sex and competition.
它是飢餓、性和競爭等生存本能的遺傳表達。
External influence caused by education, interpersonal relationship and general social environment;
因教育、人際關係和一般社會環境而產生的的外部影響；
this factor drives most of our daily behaviors - we are rarely aware of how we are making every day-to-day decision
這一因素驅動著我們大多數的日常行為——我們很少意識到自己是在如何做出每個日常決定的
----because socialization and conformation often take place outside our consciousness.
---因為社會化和構象往往是發生在我們的意識之外的。
the third factor is autonomy;
第三個因素是自主因素；
it comes from all the conscious choices we make - choices about what we believe we value, values / social expectations that we decide to reject or accept.
它來自於我們所做出的一切有意識的選擇——那些關於我們所認定的自己看重的東西的選擇、我們決定拒絕或接受的價值觀/社會期待的選擇。
This factor drives us to follow our heart.
這個因素驅動我們更遵從本心行事。