7月22日,國際學術期刊《PLOS Genetics》在線刊登了南京農業大學和香港中文大學的一項最新研究成果,題為「Arabidopsis COG Complex Subunits COG3 and COG8 Modulate Golgi Morphology, Vesicle Trafficking Homeostasis and Are Essential for Pollen Tube Growth」。這項研究的通訊作者是南京農業大學生命科學學院的博士生導師鮑依群教授。
在開花植物中,花粉管生長通過花柱,並通過僅在尖端發生的細胞擴增所引起的尖端高度極化生長,將雄配子傳遞給胚珠。在體內和體外條件下花粉管可以快速生長,在那裡肌動球蛋白依賴性的反向噴泉樣胞質流,有效地驅動囊泡進入一個正在生長的花粉管的清晰區。大多數這些囊泡與尖端膜融合,並沉積細胞壁材料、膜脂和蛋白質,以支持生長。這種沉積必須經過時空調控,以平衡膨壓和細胞壁的可擴展性。發生在花粉管尖端的大量胞吐作用目的在於,超出保持生長率的需求,並提示根本的胞吞和回收過程。在花粉管生長過程中,這些過程是如何協調的,仍不清楚。
在酵母和哺乳動物細胞中,保守的低聚物高爾基(COG)複合體,參與COPI介導的、高爾基駐留蛋白在高爾基體內的逆行運輸。在這項研究中,研究人員利用遺傳學和細胞學方法證明,T-DNA插入擬南芥COG複合體亞基COG3和COG8,可引起一種完全、雄性特有的傳輸缺陷,這可通過COG3和COG8從LAT52花粉啟動子的表達而得以補充。在兩個突變體的雄配子發育中沒有觀察到明顯的異常現象,但是在體外和體內花粉管的生長出現缺陷。
與綠色螢光蛋白(GFP)融合的COG3或COG8蛋白可標記高爾基體。在兩個突變體的花粉中,高爾基體表現出形態的變化。此外,γ-COP和EMP12蛋白失去了與高爾基體的緊密關聯。在花粉管生長過程中,這些缺陷可導致細胞壁成分和蛋白質的錯誤沉積。COG3和COG8可彼此之間直接相互作用,並提出了擬南芥COG複合物的一種結構模型。研究人員認為,COG複合物有助於調節花粉管生長過程中的高爾基體形態,以及囊泡運輸平衡。
原文摘要:
Arabidopsis COG Complex Subunits COG3 and COG8 Modulate Golgi Morphology, Vesicle Trafficking Homeostasis and Are Essential for Pollen Tube Growth
Abstract: Spatially and temporally regulated membrane trafficking events incorporate membrane and cell wall materials into the pollen tube apex and are believed to underlie the rapid pollen tube growth. In plants, the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of intra-Golgi transport and Golgi integrity maintenance remain largely unclear. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex has been implicated in tethering of retrograde intra-Golgi vesicles in yeast and mammalian cells. Using genetic and cytologic approaches, we demonstrate that T-DNA insertions in Arabidopsis COG complex subunits, COG3 and COG8, cause an absolute, male-specific transmission defect that can be complemented by expression of COG3 and COG8 from the LAT52 pollen promoter, respectively. No obvious abnormalities in the microgametogenesis of the two mutants are observed, but in vitro and in vivo pollen tube growth are defective. COG3 or COG8 proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) label the Golgi apparatus. In pollen of both mutants, Golgi bodies exhibit altered morphology. Moreover, γ-COP and EMP12 proteins lose their tight association with the Golgi. These defects lead to the incorrect deposition of cell wall components and proteins during pollen tube growth. COG3 and COG8 interact directly with each other, and a structural model of the Arabidopsis COG complex is proposed. We believe that the COG complex helps to modulate Golgi morphology and vesicle trafficking homeostasis during pollen tube tip growth.
(來源:生物通)