【MBA中國網訊】查到獨立主格(absolute condition)的定義與本節內容相似,所以就用獨立主格結構來翻譯啦。下面將百度中的定義搬過來:獨立主格結構(Absolute Construction)由兩部分組成,前一部分是名詞或者代詞,後一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞)或形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語。
好了,進入Manhattan語法。
一些GMAT的句子會用到一種複雜的修飾語即獨立主格,獨立主格有名詞和名詞修飾語組成。它不修飾與它相鄰的部分,而是修飾整個主句。如His head held high, Owen walked out of the store.
獨立主格結構為His head held high,his head是名詞,heldhigh是his head的修飾語,整個獨立主格修飾後面的主句,描述出Owen是怎麼走出去的,所以它在句子中做狀語(adverbial modifier)。
也許有的同學會認為這個獨立主格修飾的是名詞Owen,尤其是它們兩個是緊挨著的,但是大家不要忽略這一點:普通的名詞修飾語的位置是不能隨便換的,而獨立主格結構的位置則是可以換的,如
Right: Owen walked out of the store, his head held high.
Right: Owen walked out of the store with his head held high.
再看下面的例子
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, results that suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.
獨立主格結構為劃線部分,results是名詞,that從句是results的修飾語;這個獨立主格結構不是修飾最近的名詞world而是修飾前面的整個主句,也就是科學家發現……這件事的結果。為方便理解,可以將該例句可以寫成兩個句子的形式:Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological formations around the world. These results suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteormillions of years ago.
但是要記住,如果名詞是which的話,就不能算作是獨立主格結構了,看下面的例句
Wrong: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, which suggests the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.
重申,關係代詞which must refer to the main noun closest to it. 在日常用語中上述例句是可以接受的,但是在GMAT語法中,該例句就是錯的。
再看下面的例句
Wrong: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, AND THIS suggests the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago. 這個之所以錯是因為「,+and」不能連接兩個獨立的句子。
GMAT語法不喜歡this或that單獨使用,因為它們經常造成歧義,GMAT語法喜歡它們與名詞連著用,如these results。If you find yourself wanting to say and this … or and that … to add a second thought, then you need an absolute phrase or another legitimate way to refer to the previous thought.
實際上,你確實有一種更合適的方法來指代前面這個句子,那就是,+ing,如
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, SUGGESTING the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.在這種情況下,可以用分詞代替獨立主格結構。
通常,獨立主格與主句是用逗號隔開的,但是對於在於句尾的獨立主格,可以用dash(—)代替逗號。
欲了解更多關於GMAT備考資訊請點擊:http://www.mbachina.com/html/gmatbk/