實用英語語法
第二十七講
原因，結果，目的狀語從句
原因狀語從句
這也是最為常見的一種從句，我們常用因果關係法支持自己觀點
通常由because, since, now that, as和for等引導
I had to stay at home because/since/as it was raining heavily.
我不得不呆在家裡，因為雨下得很大。
Because I had been caught up in the traffic jam, I was late for work this morning.
因為被堵在路上，所以我今天早上上班遲到了。
Since it's a long journey, we'd better go there by air.
因為旅途很長，我們最好乘飛機去。
As we can work out the proplem, we'd better turn to our teacher.
既然我們能解決這個問題，我們最好去找老師。
Now that(=Since) you've realized your mistake, you must apologize to her.
既然你認識到了自己的錯誤，你必須向她道歉。
He walks with the help of a guide dog, for he is blind.
因為是盲人,他在導盲犬的幫助下走路。
儘管because, since, as都可以表示原因，有時候可以互換。但是我們要很多時候還是要儘量區別使用： 說明直接原因，或人所不知的原因，最好用because；why提出的問題必須用because回答。當原因是顯而易見的，或已為人們所知，可以用as或 since。例如：
-Why do they look so upset?
-Because they lost the game. I didn't go out, because I was afraid of the dark. You should give way to her since/as she is an old lady.
Since /As an power failure occurred, the concert had to be cancelled.
Since /As she wants to be a doctor, she decided to study Medicine at college.
for表示原因，也需要我們注意：
如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for：
He must be ill, for he is absent from work today.
他一定是病了，因為他今天沒有上班了。
在上面這個例句裡，沒上班明顯不是生病的原因，反而是生病的結果。是根據他曠工來推斷他生病了。
for 引導從句不能放在句首，主要用來補充新信息；because從句如果放在句末也可以用for：
I decided to see a doctor becausefor I didn't feel well.
我決定去看醫生，因為我感覺不舒服。 I had to stay at home and study – for the exam was soon.
我不得不呆在家裡學習——因為很快就要考試了。
結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that（如此...以致...）引導。
Ben was so angry at her that didn't speak to for a whole month.
本對她很生氣，一整月都沒和她說話。
The boy is so brave that he stopped the robber from robbing the old lady.
這個男孩很勇敢，阻止了強盜搶劫老太太。
Our maths teacher is such a serious person that we've never seen him smile.
我們的數學老師是個嚴肅的人，我們從未見過他微笑。
It's such cold weather /a cold day that we had to gather around the fireplace.
Mr and Mrs Smith are such nice people that we all like them.
史密斯先生和夫人真是很好的人，我們都喜歡他們。
such…that...裡such後面如果是 a/an + 形容詞+ 單數名詞，可以與so…that句型轉換：
It's such an interesting story that I read it though in one night.
這故事非常有趣，我一個晚上就讀完了。
= It's so interesting a story that I read it though in one night.
He is such a good teacher that all his student respect him.
他是個好老師，他的學生都尊敬他。
= He is so good a teacher that all his student respect him.
含不可數名詞和複數名詞，無法互換。
so…that...句型如果主從句主語相同，可以與too...to...句型轉換：
The girl is so young that she couldn't go to school.
這個女孩太小了，不能上學。
= The girl is too young too go to school.
He is so shy that he never talks first to another person.
他很靦腆，從不先和別人說話。
= He is too shy to talk first to another person.
注意：many和much+名詞，前面只能用so:
There are so many books in the library that we should select some to borrow.
圖書館裡有那麼多書，我們應該挑選一些借閱。
People are faced with so much stess today that some become depressed.
如今人們面臨著太多的壓力，有些人患了抑鬱。
目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。
We should all go to work more by bus so that there will be less air pollution.
我們都應該多乘公共汽車去上班，這樣空氣汙染就少了。
They decided to drive by themselves to Qiandao Lake so that they can enjoy the view along the way.
他們決定自己開車去千島湖，以便沿途欣賞風景。
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains in the afternoon.
帶把雨傘，以防下午下雨。
We take a family vacation in the country each year, in order that the children learn to appreciate nature's beauty.
我們全家每年都去鄉下度假，以便孩子們學會欣賞大自然的美麗。
圖片來自網絡，版權為原作者所有