來源:國貿人的小菜園
翻譯:胡馨文 江西財經大學
點評:王善論
時間:2020年11月30日
R724/TA731rev 保單上有關損害與損失的各類條款是否不符?
01背景與問題
情形一 條款印就在保單的籤名區域
"This insurance does not cover any loss or damage to the property which at the time of happening of such loss or damage is insured by or would, but for the existence of this Policy, be insured by any fire or other insurance policy or policies, except in respect of any excess beyond the amount which would have been payable under the fire or other insurance policy or policies had this insurance not been effected."
問:該條款會產生不符嗎?
情形二 條款印就在保單上
"This policy is prepared according to the material facts disclosed by the proposer as is shown in the proposal form and is subject to the general and special conditions and clauses enclosed or attached herewith and the Company hereby agrees to indemnify the Assured, against payment of the premium due, in case of a marine peril as described above."
問:如何理解其中的」enclosed general and special conditions and clauses enclosed or attached herewith"?我們必須審查保單附件的通用和具體條款嗎?
情形三 條款屬於保單文本的一部分
"The cover will be valid, if and only if, the transporting vessel(s) have a valid ISM Certificate and Classification Certificate (according to Institute Classification Clause 01.01.2001) during the transport."
問:在所要求的任何單據上沒有數據內容滿足上述條件,這是否導致不符?
情形四 條款屬於保單文本的一部分
"CAUTION:
This policy is subject to the following mentioned conditions and warranties:
1.The vessel should be fully classed and class maintained with class society member of IACS (including Turk Lloyd) as per Institute Classification Clause 01.01.2001 as per attached wording. Therefore, the vessel being nominated should be complied with the stipulation stated thereof.
2.Vessel should also be a member of a respected P & I (Protection & Indemnity) club member of International Group.
3.Vessel should also be complied with the ISM requirements.
4.A vessel which does not have above mentioned qualifications and are aged over 35 and tankers aged over 15 will not be covered."
問:在所要求的任何單據上沒有數據內容滿足上述條件,這是否導致不符?
02分析及結論
情形一
若沒有提交所引用條款所稱在相同情況下的籤發的保單,我們認為沒有理由拒絕。第28條 h 和 i款在此情況下同樣適用。
情形二
保單涉及到了【enclosed】或者【attached herewith】的字眼。單據中的措辭將二者做了區分,就是說【enclosed】只能理解為單據本身中的條款。保單中還提到了「【T國】的通用條件」及其他適用條款,指的就是單據上「通用和具體條件和條款」。
單據上的陳述已是充分,只要所規定的條款滿足信用證關於保險範圍的要求。
情形三/四
若其他所要求的單據上沒有任何矛盾信息,該措辭本身並不導致矛盾。就單據本身而言,該保單是相符的。
03點評
類似提單等格式單據,保單的正面和/或背面會記載很多印就的免責條款、責任限制條款等。銀行只負責審核單據表面(第14條a款),只要單據數據內容不矛盾即可(第14條d款),況且第28條i款規定保單可以包含任何除外責任條款。
基於本案的結論,參照UCP600第20條a款v項的規定,ISBP745中增加了第K22段:「Banks do not examine general terms and conditions in an insurance document.」
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