第一條 為了規範政府採購 行為，提高政府採購資金的使用效益，維護國家利益和社會 公共利益，保護政府採購當事人的合法權益，促進廉政建設，制定本法。
第二條 在中華人民共和國境內進行的政府採購適用本法。
本法所稱政府採購，是指各級國家機關、事業單位和團體組織，使用財政性資金採購依 法制定的集中採購目錄以內的或者採購限額標準以上的貨物、工程和服務的行為。政府集中採購目錄和採購限額標準依照本法規定的權限制定。本法所稱採購，是指以合同方式有償取得貨物、工程和服務的行為，包括購買、租賃、委託、僱用等。 本法所稱貨物，是指各種形態和種類的物品，包括原材料、燃料、設備、產品等。 本法所稱工程，是指建設工程，包括建築物和構築物的新建、改建、擴建、裝修、拆除、修繕等。 本法所稱服務，是指除貨物和工程以外的其他政府採購對象。
第三條 政府採購應當遵循公開透明原則、公平競爭原則、公正原則和誠實信用原則。
第四條 政府採購工程進行招標投標的，適用招標投標法。
第五條 任何單位和個人不得採用任何方式，阻撓和限制供應商自由進入本地區和本行 業的政府採購市場。
第六條 政府採購應當嚴格按照批准的預算執行。
第七條 政府採購實行集中採購和分散採購相結合。集中採購的範圍由省級以上人民政 府公布的集中採購目錄確定。
屬於中央預算的政府採購項目，其集中採購目錄由國務院確定並公布；屬於地方預算的 政府採購項目，其集中採購目錄由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府或者其授權的機構確定並公布。 納入集中採購目錄的政府採購項目，應當實行集中採購。
第八條 政府採購限額標準，屬於中央預算的政府採購項目，由國務院確定並公布；屬 於地方預算的政府採購項目，由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府或者其授權的機構確定並公布。
第九條 政府採購應當有助於實現國家的經濟和社會發展政策目標，包括保護環境，扶 持不發達地區和少數民族地區，促進中小企業發展等。
第十條 政府採購應當採購本國貨物、工程和服務。但有下列情形之一的除外：
（一）需要採購的貨物、工程或者服務在中國境內無法獲取或者無法以合理的商業條件 獲取的；
（二）為在中國境外使用而進行採購的；
（三）其他法律、行政法規另有規定的。
前款所稱本國貨物、工程和服務的界定，依照國務院有關規定執行。
第十一條 政府採購的信息應當在政府採購監督管理部門指定的媒體上及時向社會公開 發布，但涉及商業秘密的除外。
第十二條 在政府採購活動中，採購人員及相關人員與供應商有利害關係的，必須迴避。 供應商認為採購人員及相關人員與其他供應商有利害關係的，可以申請其迴避。前款所稱相關人員，包括招標採購中評標委員會的組成人員，競爭性談判採購中談判小 組的組成人員，詢價採購中詢價小組的組成人員等。
第十三條 各級人民政府財政部門是負責政府採購監督管理的部門，依法履行對政府採 購活動的監督管理職責。 各級人民政府其他有關部門依法履行與政府採購活動有關的監督管理職責。
第二章 政府採購當事人
第十四條 政府採購當事人是指在政府採購活動中享有權利和承擔義務的各類主體，包 括採購人、供應商和採購代理機構等。
第十五條 採購人是指依法進行政府採購的國家機關、事業單位、團體組織。
第十六條 集中採購機構為採購代理機構。設區的市、自治州以上人民政府根據本級政 府採購項目組織集中採購的需要設立集中採購機構。集中採購機構是非營利事業法人，根據採購人的委託辦理採購事宜。
第十七條 集中採購機構進行政府採購活動，應當符合採購價格低於市場平均價格、採 購效率更高、採購質量優良和服務良好的要求。
第十八條 採購人採購納入集中採購目錄的政府採購項目，必須委託集中採購機構代理 採購；採購未納入集中採購目錄的政府採購項目，可以自行採購，也可以委託集中採購機構在委託的範圍內代理採購。 納入集中採購目錄屬於通用的政府採購項目的，應當委託集中採購機構代理採購；屬於 本部門、本系統有特殊要求的項目，應當實行部門集中採購；屬於本單位有特殊要求的項目，經省級以上人民政府批准，可以自行採購。
第十九條 採購人可以委託經國務院有關部門或者省級人民政府有關部門認定資格的採 購代理機構，在委託的範圍內辦理政府採購事宜。
採購人有權自行選擇採購代理機構，任何單位和個人不得以任何方式為採購人指定採購 代理機構。
第二十條 採購人依法委託採購代理機構辦理採購事宜的，應當由採購人與採購代理機 構籤訂委託代理協議，依法確定委託代理的事項，約定雙方的權利義務。
第二十一條 供應商是指向採購人提供貨物、工程或者服務的法人、其他組織或者自然 人。
第二十二條 供應商參加政府採購活動應當具備下列條件：
（一）具有獨立承擔民事責任的能力；
（二）具有良好的商業信譽和健全的財務會計制度；
（三）具有履行合同所必需的設備和專業技術能力；
（四）有依法繳納稅收和社會保障資金的良好記錄；
（五）參加政府採購活動前三年內，在經營活動中沒有重大違法記錄；
（六）法律、行政法規規定的其他條件。
採購人可以根據採購項目的特殊要求，規定供應商的特定條件，但不得以不合理的條件 對供應商實行差別待遇或者歧視待遇。
第二十三條 採購人可以要求參加政府採購的供應商提供有關資質證明文件和業績情況，並 根據本法規定的供應商條件和採購項目對供應商的特定要求，對供應商的資格進行審查。
第二十四條 兩個以上的自然人、法人或者其他組織可以組成一個聯合體，以一個供應 商的身份共同參加政府採購。
以聯合體形式進行政府採購的，參加聯合體的供應商均應當具備本法第二十二條規定的 條件，並應當向採購人提交聯合協議，載明聯合體各方承擔的工作和義務。聯合體各方應當共同與採購人籤訂採購合同，就採購合同約定的事項對採購人承擔連帶責任。
第二十五條 政府採購當事人不得相互串通損害國家利益、社會公共利益和其他當事人 的合法權益；不得以任何手段排斥其他供應商參與競爭。供應商不得以向採購人、採購代理機構、評標委員會的組成人員、競爭性談判小組的組 成人員、詢價小組的組成人員行賄或者採取其他不正當手段謀取中標或者成交。 採購代理機構不得以向採購人行賄或者採取其他不正當手段謀取非法利益。
第三章政府採購方式
第二十六條 政府採購採用以下方式：
（一）公開招標；
（二）邀請招標；
（三）競爭性談判；
（四）單一來源採購；
（五）詢價；
（六）國務院政府採購監督管理部門認定的其他採購方式。 公開招標應作為政府採購的主要採購方式。
第二十七條 採購人採購貨物或者服務應當採用公開招標方式的，其具體數額標準，屬 於中央預算的政府採購項目，由國務院規定；屬於地方預算的政府採購項目，由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府規定；因特殊情況需要採用公開招標以外的採購方式的，應當在採購活動開 始前獲得設區的市、自治州以上人民政府採購監督管理部門的批准。
第二十八條 採購人不得將應當以公開招標方式採購的貨物或者服務化整為零或者以其 他任何方式規避公開招標採購。
第二十九條 符合下列情形之一的貨物或者服務，可以依照本法採用邀請招標方式採購：
（一）具有特殊性，只能從有限範圍的供應商處採購的；
（二）採用公開招標方式的費用佔政府採購項目總價值的比例過大的。
第三十條 符合下列情形之一的貨物或者服務，可以依照本法採用競爭性談判方式採購：
（一）招標後沒有供應商投標或者沒有合格標的或者重新招標未能成立的；
（二）技術複雜或者性質特殊，不能確定詳細規格或者具體要求的；
（三）採用招標所需時間不能滿足用戶緊急需要的；
（四）不能事先計算出價格總額的。
第三十一條 符合下列情形之一的貨物或者服務，可以依照本法採用單一來源方式採購：
（一）只能從唯一供應商處採購的；
（二）發生了不可預見的緊急情況不能從其他供應商處採購的；
（三）必須保證原有採購項目一致性或者服務配套的要求，需要繼續從原供應商處添購， 且添購資金總額不超過原合同採購金額百分之十的。
第三十二條 採購的貨物規格、標準統一、現貨貨源充足且價格變化幅度小的政府採購 項目，可以依照本法採用詢價方式採購。
第四章 政府採購程序
第三十三條 負有編制部門預算職責的部門在編制下一財政年度部門預算時，應當將該 財政年度政府採購的項目及資金預算列出，報本級財政部門匯總。部門預算的審批，按預算管理權限和程序進行。
第三十四條 貨物或者服務項目採取邀請招標方式採購的，採購人應當從符合相應資格 條件的供應商中，通過隨機方式選擇三家以上的供應商，並向其發出投標邀請書。
第三十五條 貨物和服務項目實行招標方式採購的，自招標文件開始發出之日起至投標 人提交投標文件截止之日止，不得少於二十日。
第三十六條 在招標採購中，出現下列情形之一的，應予廢標：
（一）符合專業條件的供應商或者對招標文件作實質響應的供應商不足三家的；
（二）出現影響採購公正的違法、違規行為的；
（三）投標人的報價均超過了採購預算，採購人不能支付的；
（四）因重大變故，採購任務取消的。
廢標後，採購人應當將廢標理由通知所有投標人。
第三十七條 廢標後，除採購任務取消情形外，應當重新組織招標；需要採取其他方式 採購的，應當在採購活動開始前獲得設區的市、自治州以上人民政府採購監督管理部門或者政府有關部門批准。
第三十八條 採用競爭性談判方式採購的，應當遵循下列程序：
（一）成立談判小組。談判小組由採購人的代表和有關專家共三人以上的單數組成，其 中專家的人數不得少於成員總數的三分之二。
（二）制定談判文件。談判文件應當明確談判程序、談判內容、合同草案的條款以及評 定成交的標準等事項。
（三）確定邀請參加談判的供應商名單。談判小組從符合相應資格條件的供應商名單中 確定不少於三家的供應商參加談判，並向其提供談判文件。
（四）談判。談判小組所有成員集中與單一供應商分別進行談判。在談判中，談判的任 何一方不得透露與談判有關的其他供應商的技術資料、價格和其他信息。談判文件有實質性變動的，談判小組應當以書面形式通知所有參加談判的供應商。
（五）確定成交供應商。談判結束後，談判小組應當要求所有參加談判的供應商在規定 時間內進行最後報價，採購人從談判小組提出的成交候選人中根據符合採購需求、質量和服務相等且報價最低的原則確定成交供應商，並將結果通知所有參加談判的未成交的供應商。
第三十九條 採取單一來源方式採購的，採購人與供應商應當遵循本法規定的原則，在 保證採購項目質量和雙方商定合理價格的基礎上進行採購。
第四十條 採取詢價方式採購的，應當遵循下列程序：
（一）成立詢價小組。詢價小組由採購人的代表和有關專家共三人以上的單數組成，其 中專家的人數不得少於成員總數的三分之二。詢價小組應當對採購項目的價格構成和評定成交的標準等事項作出規定。
（二）確定被詢價的供應商名單。詢價小組根據採購需求，從符合相應資格條件的供應 商名單中確定不少於三家的供應商，並向其發出詢價通知書讓其報價。
（三）詢價。詢價小組要求被詢價的供應商一次報出不得更改的價格。
（四）確定成交供應商。採購人根據符合採購需求、質量和服務相等且報價最低的原則 確定成交供應商，並將結果通知所有被詢價的未成交的供應商。
第四十一條 採購人或者其委託的採購代理機構應當組織對供應商履約的驗收。大型或 者複雜的政府採購項目，應當邀請國家認可的質量檢測機構參加驗收工作。驗收方成員應當在驗收書上簽字，並承擔相應的法律責任。
第四十二條 採購人、採購代理機構對政府採購項目每項採購活動的採購文件應當妥善 保存，不得偽造、變造、隱匿或者銷毀。採購文件的保存期限為從採購結束之日起至少保存十五年。 採購文件包括採購活動記錄、採購預算、招標文件、投標文件、評標標準、評估報告、 定標文件、合同文本、驗收證明、質疑答覆、投訴處理決定及其他有關文件、資料。採購活動記錄至少應當包括下列內容：
（一）採購項目類別、名稱；
（二）採購項目預算、資金構成和合同價格；
（三）採購方式，採用公開招標以外的採購方式的，應當載明原因；
（四）邀請和選擇供應商的條件及原因；
（五）評標標準及確定中標人的原因；
（六）廢標的原因；
（七）採用招標以外採購方式的相應記載。
第五章 政府採購合同
第四十三條 政府採購合同適用合同法。採購人和供應商之間的權利和義務，應當按照 平等、自願的原則以合同方式約定。 採購人可以委託採購代理機構代表其與供應商籤訂政府採購合同。由採購代理機構以採購人名義籤訂合同的，應當提交採購人的授權委託書，作為合同附件。
第四十四條 政府採購合同應當採用書面形式。
第四十五條 國務院政府採購監督管理部門應當會同國務院有關部門，規定政府採購合 同必須具備的條款。
第四十六條 採購人與中標、成交供應商應當在中標、成交通知書發出之日起三十日內， 按照採購文件確定的事項籤訂政府採購合同。中標、成交通知書對採購人和中標、成交供應商均具有法律效力。中標、成交通知書發 出後，採購人改變中標、成交結果的，或者中標、成交供應商放棄中標、成交項目的，應當依法承擔法律責任。
第四十七條 政府採購項目的採購合同自籤訂之日起七個工作日內，採購人應當將合同 副本報同級政府採購監督管理部門和有關部門備案。
第四十八條 經採購人同意，中標、成交供應商可以依法採取分包方式履行合同。 政府採購合同分包履行的，中標、成交供應商就採購項目和分包項目向採購人負責，分包供應商就分包項目承擔責任。
第四十九條 政府採購合同履行中，採購人需追加與合同標的相同的貨物、工程或者服 務的，在不改變合同其他條款的前提下，可以與供應商協商籤訂補充合同，但所有補充合同的採購金額不得超過原合同採購金額的百分之十。
第五十條 政府採購合同的雙方當事人不得擅自變更、中止或者終止合同。 政府採購合同繼續履行將損害國家利益和社會公共利益的，雙方當事人應當變更、中止或者終止合同。有過錯的一方應當承擔賠償責任，雙方都有過錯的，各自承擔相應的責任。
第六章 質疑與投訴
第五十一條 供應商對政府採購活動事項有疑問的，可以向採購人提出詢問，採購人應 當及時作出答覆，但答覆的內容不得涉及商業秘密。
第五十二條 供應商認為採購文件、採購過程和中標、成交結果使自己的權益受到損害 的，可以在知道或者應知其權益受到損害之日起七個工作日內，以書面形式向採購人提出質疑。
第五十三條 採購人應當在收到供應商的書面質疑後七個工作日內作出答覆，並以書面 形式通知質疑供應商和其他有關供應商，但答覆的內容不得涉及商業秘密。
第五十四條 採購人委託採購代理機構採購的，供應商可以向採購代理機構提出詢問或 者質疑，採購代理機構應當依照本法第五十一條、第五十三條的規定就採購人委託授權範圍內的事項作出答覆。
第五十五條 質疑供應商對採購人、採購代理機構的答覆不滿意或者採購人、採購代理 機構未在規定的時間內作出答覆的，可以在答覆期滿後十五個工作日內向同級政府採購監督管理部門投訴。
第五十六條 政府採購監督管理部門應當在收到投訴後三十個工作日內，對投訴事項作 出處理決定，並以書面形式通知投訴人和與投訴事項有關的當事人。
第五十七條 政府採購監督管理部門在處理投訴事項期間，可以視具體情況書面通知採 購人暫停採購活動，但暫停時間最長不得超過三十日。
第五十八條 投訴人對政府採購監督管理部門的投訴處理決定不服或者政府採購監督管 理部門逾期未作處理的，可以依法申請行政複議或者向人民法院提起行政訴訟。
第七章 監督檢查
第五十九條 政府採購監督管理部門應當加強對政府採購活動及集中採購機構的監 督檢查。 監督檢查的主要內容是：
（一）有關政府採購的法律、行政法規和規章的執行情況；
（二）採購範圍、採購方式和採購程序的執行情況；
（三）政府採購人員的職業素質和專業技能。
第六十條 政府採購監督管理部門不得設置集中採購機構，不得參與政府採購項目 的採購活動。 採購代理機構與行政機關不得存在隸屬關係或者其他利益關係。
第六十一條 集中採購機構應當建立健全內部監督管理制度。採購活動的決策和執 行程序應當明確，並相互監督、相互制約。經辦採購的人員與負責採購合同審核、驗收人員的職責權限應當明確，並相互分離。
第六十二條 集中採購機構的採購人員應當具有相關職業素質和專業技能，符合政 府採購監督管理部門規定的專業崗位任職要求。集中採購機構對其工作人員應當加強教育和培訓；對採購人員的專業水平、工作實 績和職業道德狀況定期進行考核。採購人員經考核不合格的，不得繼續任職。
第六十三條 政府採購項目的採購標準應當公開。 採用本法規定的採購方式的，採購人在採購活動完成後，應當將採購結果予以公布。
第六十四條 採購人必須按照本法規定的採購方式和採購程序進行採購。 任何單位和個人不得違反本法規定，要求採購人或者採購工作人員向其指定的供應商進行採購。
第六十五條 政府採購監督管理部門應當對政府採購項目的採購活動進行檢查，政 府採購當事人應當如實反映情況，提供有關材料。
第六十六條 政府採購監督管理部門應當對集中採購機構的採購價格、節約資金效 果、服務質量、信譽狀況、有無違法行為等事項進行考核，並定期如實公布考核結果。
第六十七條 依照法律、行政法規的規定對政府採購負有行政監督職責的政府有關 部門，應當按照其職責分工，加強對政府採購活動的監督。
第六十八條 審計機關應當對政府採購進行審計監督。政府採購監督管理部門、政 府採購各當事人有關政府採購活動，應當接受審計機關的審計監督。
第六十九條 監察機關應當加強對參與政府採購活動的國家機關、國家公務員和國 家行政機關任命的其他人員實施監察。
第七十條 任何單位和個人對政府採購活動中的違法行為，有權控告和檢舉，有關 部門、機關應當依照各自職責及時處理。
第八章 法律責任
第七十一條 採購人、採購代理機構有下列情形之一的，責令限期改正，給予警告， 可以並處罰款，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員，由其行政主管部門或者有關機關給予處分，並予通報：
（一）應當採用公開招標方式而擅自採用其他方式採購的；
（二）擅自提高採購標準的；
（三）委託不具備政府採購業務代理資格的機構辦理採購事務的；
（四）以不合理的條件對供應商實行差別待遇或者歧視待遇的；
（五）在招標採購過程中與投標人進行協商談判的；
（六）中標、成交通知書發出後不與中標、成交供應商籤訂採購合同的；
（七）拒絕有關部門依法實施監督檢查的。
第七十二條 採購人、採購代理機構及其工作人員有下列情形之一，構成犯罪的， 依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，處以罰款，有違法所得的，並處沒收違法所得，屬於國家機關工作人員的，依法給予行政處分：
（一）與供應商或者採購代理機構惡意串通的；
（二）在採購過程中接受賄賂或者獲取其他不正當利益的；
（三）在有關部門依法實施的監督檢查中提供虛假情況的；
（四）開標前洩露標底的。
第七十三條 有前兩條違法行為之一影響中標、成交結果或者可能影響中標、成交 結果的，按下列情況分別處理：
（一）未確定中標、成交供應商的，終止採購活動；
（二）中標、成交供應商已經確定但採購合同尚未履行的，撤銷合同，從合格的中 標、成交候選人中另行確定中標、成交供應商；
（三）採購合同已經履行的，給採購人、供應商造成損失的，由責任人承擔賠償責 任。
第七十四條 採購人對應當實行集中採購的政府採購項目，不委託集中採購機構實 行集中採購的，由政府採購監督管理部門責令改正；拒不改正的，停止按預算向其支付資金，由其上級行政主管部門或者有關機關依法給予其直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員 處分。
第七十五條 採購人未依法公布政府採購項目的採購標準和採購結果的，責令改正， 對直接負責的主管人員依法給予處分。
第七十六條 採購人、採購代理機構違反本法規定隱匿、銷毀應當保存的採購文件 或者偽造、變造採購文件的，由政府採購監督管理部門處以二萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款，對其直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責 任。
第七十七條 供應商有下列情形之一的，處以採購金額千分之五以上千分之十以下 的罰款，列入不良行為記錄名單，在一至三年內禁止參加政府採購活動，有違法所得的，並處沒收違法所得，情節嚴重的，由工商行政管理機關吊銷營業執照；構成犯罪的，依法追究 刑事責任：
（一）提供虛假材料謀取中標、成交的；
（二）採取不正當手段詆毀、排擠其他供應商的；
（三）與採購人、其他供應商或者採購代理機構惡意串通的；
（四）向採購人、採購代理機構行賄或者提供其他不正當利益的；
（五）在招標採購過程中與採購人進行協商談判的；
（六）拒絕有關部門監督檢查或者提供虛假情況的。
供應商有前款第（一）至（五）項情形之一的，中標、成交無效。
第七十八條 採購代理機構在代理政府採購業務中有違法行為的，按照有關法律規 定處以罰款，可以依法取消其進行相關業務的資格，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
第七十九條 政府採購當事人有本法第七十一條、第七十二條、第七十七條違法行 為之一，給他人造成損失的，並應依照有關民事法律規定承擔民事責任。
第八十條 政府採購監督管理部門的工作人員在實施監督檢查中違反本法規定濫用 職權，玩忽職守，徇私舞弊的，依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
第八十一條 政府採購監督管理部門對供應商的投訴逾期未作處理的，給予直接負 責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員行政處分。
第八十二條 政府採購監督管理部門對集中採購機構業績的考核，有虛假陳述，隱 瞞真實情況的，或者不作定期考核和公布考核結果的，應當及時糾正，由其上級機關或者監察機關對其負責人進行通報，並對直接負責的人員依法給予行政處分。 集中採購機構在政府採購監督管理部門考核中，虛報業績，隱瞞真實情況的，處以 二萬元以上二十萬元以下的罰款，並予以通報；情節嚴重的，取消其代理採購的資格。
第八十三條 任何單位或者個人阻撓和限制供應商進入本地區或者本行業政府採購 市場的，責令限期改正；拒不改正的，由該單位、個人的上級行政主管部門或者有關機關給予單位責任人或者個人處分。
第九章 附 則
第八十四條 使用國際組織和外國政府貸款進行的政府採購，貸款方、資金提供方 與中方達成的協議對採購的具體條件另有規定的，可以適用其規定，但不得損害國家利益和社會公共利益。
第八十五條 對因嚴重自然災害和其他不可抗力事件所實施的緊急採購和涉及國家 安全和秘密的採購，不適用本法。
第八十六條 軍事採購法規由中央軍事委員會另行制定。
第八十七條 本法實施的具體步驟和辦法由國務院規定。
第八十八條 本法自２００３年１月１日起施行。
THE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT LAW OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Approved by the 28th Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on 29th June, 2002
Translated by Mr. Zhu Zhongliang [1]
Chapter One General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purposes of regulating government procurement activities, improving efficiency in expenditure of procurement funds, safeguarding the interests of the state and the public, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the participants in government procurements, promoting honest and clean governance.
Article 2 This Law applies to all of the government procurement activities carried out within the territory of People's Republic of China.
For the purpose of this Law:
"Government Procurement" refers to all of the purchasing activities conducted with fiscal funds by state organs at all levels, institutions and social organizations when the goods, construction and services concerned are listed in the Centralized Procurement Catalogue (CPC) published by the government procuring regulatory authority (GPRA) or value of which exceeds the respective Prescribed Procurement Thresholds (PPT) for goods, construction or services as applicable.
"CPC" and "PPT" mentioned in the previous paragraph shall be specified by the relevant authorities within their own authorization defined by this Law.
"Procurement" refers to activities conducted by means of contract and by which goods, construction or services are acquired for consideration, including but not limited to purchase, lease, entrustment and employment.
"Goods" refers to objects of every kind or form, including but not limited to raw materials, fuel, equipment and products.
"Construction" refers to all work associated with construction, reconstruction, extension, decoration, demolition and repair or renovation of a building or structure.
"Services" refers to any object of procurement rather than goods or construction.
Article 3 The fundamental principles of openness and transparency, fair competition, impartiality and integrity shall be complied with in all of the government procurement activities.
Article 4 When tendering and bidding procedures are followed in the procurement of construction, the existing Tendering and Bidding Law shall apply.
Article 5 No entity or individual may take any action to frustrate or restrain free access by the outside suppliers to the markets of other regions or industrial markets.
Article 6 The budgets for all the procuring entities must be strictly applied as approved.
Article 7 Government procurement consists of both centralized and decentralized items to be procured. The application scope for centralized items to be procured is defined in the CPC issued by the Central or Provincial Governments.
When funds for centralized items to be procured are from the Central Government Budget, the applicable CPC is the one issued by the State Council; when funds are from the Local Government Budgets, the governing CPC is the one issued by the cognizant Provincial Government, or agencies with their authorization, as applicable.
Centralized procurement shall be adopted for all of the items to be procured listed in the governing CPC.
Article 8 When funds for centralized items to be procured are from the Central Government Budget, the applicable PPT is the one issued by the State Council; when funds are from the Local Government Budgets, the governing PPT issued by the cognizant Provincial Governments, or agencies with their authorization shall apply..
Article 9 Government procurements shall be conducted in such a matter as to facilitate achievement of the economic and social development policy goals of the state, including but not limited to environmental protection, assistance to underdeveloped or ethnic minority regions, and promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Article 10 Domestic goods, construction and services shall be procured for government procurement except where one of the following situations applies:
1) When needed goods, construction or services are not available within the territory of People's Republic of China or though available, cannot be acquired on reasonable commercial terms and conditions;
2) When the items to be procured are for use abroad;
3) Other circumstances provided for by laws and administrative regulations.
The definitions for the domestic goods, construction or services mentioned above shall be applied with reference to relevant regulations issued by the State Council.
Article 11 Information, rather than suppliers』 confidential commercial information, regarding government procurements shall be made available to the public in a timely manner through the media designated by GPRA.
Article 12 When a conflict of interest occurs between the personnel carrying out specific government procurement on one side and the suppliers concerned on the other, the former shall voluntarily withdraw from the procurement proceeding. When a supplier believes that a conflict of interest exists between the personnel carrying out specific government procurement with other participating suppliers for the same procurement, it may make a claim for withdrawal of the interested persons.
The relevant personnel referred to in the preceding paragraph mean the members of the bid evaluation committee for government procurement conducted by tendering, the negotiation group for procurements conducted by competitive negotiation, and the request group for procurement conducted by requests for quotations.
Article 13 The Ministry of Finance of the State Council and its subordinate counterparts in local governments are the legitimate GPRA responsible for exercising powers and fulfilling duties relating to the administration and supervision on government procurement activities.
Article 14 The term 「parties to government procurement proceedings」 (PGPP) refers to those participating entities that enjoy rights and undertake obligations in government procurement proceedings, including procuring entities, suppliers and procuring intermediaries.
Article 15 The term 「procuring entities」 refers to state organs, institutions and social organizations that engage in government procurements.
Article 16 The term 「institutions for centralized government procurement」 (ICGP) refers to procurement intermediaries. Local governments at the levels of autonomous prefectures or prefectures with districts are entitled to set up the ICGPs on their own when they consider necessary.
The ICGPs are the not-for-profit institutions, qualifying as a legal entity, that conduct government procurement proceedings.
Article 17 The requirements for a lower-than-average market price, high efficiency, good quality of goods and services shall be satisfied by ICGPs when conducting government procurement activities.
Article 18 Items listed in the CPC shall be procured by the ICGP on behalf of the procuring entities concerned. Items not listed in the CPC may be procured either by the procuring entities themselves or by the cognizant ICGP on their behalf.
Items listed in the CPC that are general in nature shall be procured by an ICGP on behalf of the procurement entity concerned; Items listed in the CPC with standard departmental specifications shall be grouped by the procurement intermediary into large-scale procurements for the entire department in question; Items listed in the CPC for which individual procuring entities have special requirements may be procured by the procuring entities themselves subject to the approval of the GPRA of the State Council or Provincial Government, as applicable.
Article 19 Procuring entities may entrust commercial procuring intermediaries (CPI) certified by the relevant authorities in the State Council or Provincial Governments to perform the procurement activities stipulated in the government procurement contract on their behalf.
The procuring entities referred to in the preceding paragraph are entitled to choose the CPI on their own, no unit or individual is allowed to designate, in any form or by any means, the procuring intermediary for the procuring entity.
Article 20 When a procuring intermediary is entrusted to carry out the procurement activities, the procuring entity in question shall conclude an agency agreement in which the entrusted affairs are defined and the rights and obligations for both sides are included.
Article 21 The term 「suppliers」 refers to the legal entities, other organizations not qualifying as a legal entity or natural persons that provides goods, construction or services to the procuring entities.
Article 22 The following requirements shall be satisfied by the suppliers that participate in government procurement:
1) Capacity to assume civil liabilities independently;
2) A good commercial reputation and sound financial and accounting management;
3) Equipment and professional expertise needed to perform government procurement contract;
4) A clean record of paying taxes and making financial contributions to the social security funds;
5) No material breaches of law in its business operation in the three years prior to participation in the present procurement;
6) Other requirements provided for in laws and administrative regulations.
A procuring entity may define additional qualification requirements for suppliers in accordance with special needs of a particular procurement, provided that they are not unreasonable requirements that result in discriminatory treatment of potential suppliers.
Article 23 The procuring entity is entitled to require the participating suppliers to submit the documentation regarding their certificates for competence and their past business performances and to review the submitted qualifications of the suppliers against the general requirements provided in this Law and additional special ones tailored to the specific items to be procured for by the individual procuring entities.
Article 24 More than two natural persons, legal persons or other organizations may be organized as a consortium to participate in government procurement activities as a single entity representing all of the participating suppliers.
When a consortium is formed, each member must meet the qualification requirements set forth in Article 22 of this Law and, in addition, a consortium agreement must be submitted to the procuring entity in question clearly stating each member’s contributions to the project being procured as well as each member’s obligations. The consortium shall enter into a government procurement contract with the procuring entity on behalf of all of the members in which the joint and several liabilities among shall be stipulated.
Article 25 PGPPs are not allowed to collude among each another to injure the state’s interests, the public’s interests and the legitimate rights and interests of other relevant parties to the government procurement proceedings, and they are prohibited from taking any action to preclude other potential suppliers from participating in government procurement proceedings.
Suppliers are not allowed to attempt to become the final successful bidder or conclude the government procurement contract by bribing the people in charge in the procuring entities, the procuring intermediaries, or members of the bid evaluation committee in the case of the public tendering, the negotiation group in the case of the competitive negotiation and the request committee in the case of the request for quotations, or by other inappropriate means.
Procurement intermediaries are not allowed to obtain illegal benefits through bribery or other inappropriate means.
Article 26 The following methods of government procurements are available:
1) Public tendering;
2) Selective procurement;
3) Competitive negotiation;
4) Single-source procurement;
5) Request for quotations;
6) Other methods permitted by the GPRA of the State Council.
Article 27 When the public tendering method is adopted by the procuring entity for procurement of goods or services, if funding for the procurement is from the Central Government Budget, the PPT shall be determined by the State Council; if funding is from the Local Government Budgets, the PPT shall be determined by the provincial government concerned. When a method of procurement other than the public tendering is adopted, approval must be obtained in advance from the cognizant GPRA of the Central Government or Local Governments.
Article 28 Procuring entities may not avoid public tendering by desegregating an item to be procured.
Article 29 For procurements of goods or services when one of the following conditions is satisfied, The selective procurement may be adopted:
1) When the procurement in question has special characteristics that limit the number of potentially qualified suppliers;
2) When the cost of public tendering method is unreasonably disproportionate to the total value of the items to be procured.
Article 30 For procurements of goods or services when one of the following conditions is satisfied, the competitive negotiation may be adopted::
1) When the bid submission deadline for a tendering procedure has passed with no bid presented, or with no qualified bid presented, or in the event of a failure of re-tendering;
2) When it is infeasible to prepare the detailed specifications or specific requirements because of the technical complexity or specialized nature;
3) When tendering would take so long that the urgent needs of the procuring entity could not be satisfied in a timely manner;
4) When the total value of the item to be procured cannot be determined in advance.
Article 31 For procurements of goods or services when one of the following conditions is satisfied, the single-source method may be adopted::
1) When only one supplier is qualified to supply the items to be procured;
2) When it is infeasible to procure from other suppliers due to an unexpected emergency;
3) When consistency or compatibility of services require procurement of additional services from the same supplier, provided that the total value of the additional procurement does not exceed 10 percent of the value of the base government procurement contract.
Article 32 The request for quotations method may be adopted for those procurements of goods the standards and specifications of which are uniform and supplies of which in storage are sufficient with little fluctuation in price.
Article 33 When the budgetary entities in charge of the departmental budgetary affairs as a whole draft their budget plans for the next fiscal year, the items to be procured and the funds required shall be included and submitted to the relevant financial departments for compilation. Examination and approval of these budgetary entities』 budgets shall be conducted in accordance with budgetary administration procedures and authorities.
Article 34 When the invitation for tendering method is adopted for the procurement of goods and services, the procuring entity shall randomly choose three or more suppliers from those with the qualifications required, and dispatch invitation documents to them.
Article 35 When the public tendering method is adopted for the procurement of goods and services, the time period from issuance of the tender documents to the bid submission deadline shall not be less than 20 days.
Article 36 When one of the following circumstances occurs, the tendering proceeding shall be annulled:
1) If less than three bidders satisfy the required criteria or fewer than three bidders who are materially responsive to the tender solicitation document;
2) If violations of laws or regulations occur that may impair;
3) If all the prices offered by the bidders in their bids exceed the budgets approved for the procuring entity concerned and the procuring entity is not able to afford the excess;
4) If the procurement project is cancelled due to the subsequent occurrence of extraordinary changes in circumstances.
Once the tendering proceeding is annulled, the procuring entity shall inform all the bidders of the reasons for the annulment.
Article 37 After annulment, the tendering proceeding shall be reorganized unless the item being procured is cancelled; when other procurement methods are applied, the approval shall be obtained in advance from the GPRA on government procurement or other relevant authorities.
Article 38 The following procedure shall be followed when the competitive negotiation method is adopted:
1) Setting up the negotiation group the number of whose members consisting of the procuring entities』 representatives and the relevant experts shall be odd and more than 3, among which the expert members shall be no fewer than two thirds of the total;
2) Drafting the negotiation documents which shall include the negotiation procedure and content, the terms of the draft contract and the criteria for evaluating and selecting the bidders are included;
3) Defining the namelist of the suppliers participating in the negotiation. The negotiation group chooses three or more among all the qualified suppliers in the namelist and afterwards presents them the documents for negotiation;
4) Negotiating. All members of the negotiation group work together to negotiate with the individual suppliers respectively and separately. In the negotiation process neither side of the negotiation is allowed to disclose any information concerning technical specifications and price. When the material changes occur, all the suppliers participating in the negotiation shall be informed in writing.
5) Selecting the successful supplier. Once the negotiation is concluded, the negotiation group shall require all the suppliers participating in the negotiation to provide their final offering prices by the specified time. The procuring entity chooses the supplier for the government procurement contract from the qualified candidates recommended by the negotiation group on the basis of the lowest price but satisfying the qualitative criteria as required by the procuring entity concerned.
Article 39 When the single-source procurement method is adopted, the procuring entities and suppliers shall follow the principles provided for by this Law. The procurement shall be carried out on the basis of good quality and reasonable price.
Article 40 When the request for quotations method is adopted, the following procedures shall be followed:
1) Setting up the request group the number of whose members consisting of the procuring entities』 representatives and the relevant experts shall be odd and more than 3, among which the expert members shall be no fewer than two thirds of the total. The request group shall determine the pricing structure for the item being procured and the criteria for evaluation on suppliers.
2) Defining the namelist of the requested suppliers. The request group chooses three or more among all the qualified suppliers in the namelist and provides them with the request notice for soliciting the prices.
3) Request for quotations. The request group requires the requested suppliers to declare their prices which are fixed and not subject to subsequent changes on the part of suppliers concerned.
4) Selecting the successful supplier. The procuring entity selects the supplier for the government procurement contract from the qualified candidates on the basis of the lowest price but satisfying the qualitative criteria as required by the procuring entity concerned and are obliged to inform all the other requested suppliers of the final result.
Article 41 The procuring entities or the procuring intermediaries shall conduct inspection and receive the performance of the government procurement contract. When the procurement project is complex and large-scale, the certified institutions for quality inspection shall be invited. The people participating in the examination process shall sign their names on the inspection report based on which they will be subject to the corresponding legal liabilities.
Article 42 The procuring entities or the procuring intermediaries shall appropriately store all the procurement documents relating to every procuring action in the procurement process for each procurement, which shall not be subject to fabrication, concealment or destruction. The storage period for the procurement documents shall be no less than 15 years starting at the time of completion of the procurement proceeding.
The procurement records shall include the followings:
1) Types and names of the items to be procured;
2) Budget, funds structure and price of the government procurement contract;
3) Procurement method, when a procurement method other than public tendering is adopted, the reasons shall be included for justification;
4) Qualification requirements and reasons for inviting or selecting the successful suppliers;
5) Bid evaluation criteria and reasons for selecting the final awardee;
6) Reasons for canceling the tendering proceeding, if applicable;
7) Approval of the procurement methods other than the public tendering.
Chapter Five Government Procurement Contract
Article 43 The Contract Law applies to the government procurement contract in which the rights and liabilities are agreed on the basis of equality and voluntariness of both sides.
The procuring entity may entrust the procuring intermediary to enter into a government procurement contract on its behalf. When the government procurement contract is entered into by the procuring intermediary in the name of the procuring entity in question, the entrustment document shall be presented to the contractor as a supplementary attachment to the contract.
Article 44 The government procurement contract shall be made in written form.
Article 45 The GPRA of the State Council shall regulate the essential clauses in the government procurement contract in consultation with the other relevant authorities.
Article 46 The procuring entity and its contractor shall enter into the government procurement contract pursuant to the requirements set forth in the procurement documents within 30 days from the time of dispatching the notice of acceptance to the supplier that was selected as the successful bidder.
The award notice is legally binding to both the procuring entity and the contractor supplier. After the notice of acceptance is dispatched, if the procuring entity alters the final result of the tendering proceeding, or when the successful bidders withdraw from the signed contract, each contracting party, respectively, shall be legally liable for the resulting consequences.
Article 47 The procuring entity shall submit a copy of the government procurement contract to the GPRA at the same level of the jurisdiction as its own and the relevant authority for reference within 7 working days after the time of entering into the government procurement contract.
Article 48 The successful supplier may perform the government procurement contract by subcontracting subject to the consent from the procuring entity.
When the procurement is subcontracted to perform, the successful supplier as a principal contractor is responsible to the procuring entity for both the whole procurement project and its subcontracted parts while the subcontractors are responsible only for the subcontracted portion of the procurement which they undertake.
Article 49 In administering a government procurement, when the procuring entity procures additional goods, construction or services of the same nature as the base government procurement contract, a supplemental contract can be entered into with the same contractor so long as the total value for all the additional procurements does not exceed 10 percent of that of the principal contract.
Article 50 Without authorization, the contracting parties to the government procurement contract are not allowed to alter, suspend or terminate the contract.
When the continuing performance of the government procurement contract is detrimental to the state interests or the interests of the public, the parties to the contract shall alter, suspend or terminate the contract. The party at fault is liable to the other for indemnification; when both parties to the contract are at fault to some extent, they are liable to each other for the consequences caused by themselves.
Chapter Six Challenge and Complaint
Article 51 Suppliers may submit queries regarding the procurement proceedings to the procuring entity who shall make a timely response but without disclosing suppliers' confidential information.
Article 52 When a supplier believes that the procurement documents, procurement proceeding or the final results of the procurement are detrimental to its own interest, it can make complaint to the procuring entity in writing within 7 working days from the time when it knows or shall have known the damages incurred.
Article 53 The procuring entity shall respond to the challenge in writing within 7 working days of receipt, and inform the protesting suppliers and other suppliers of the response in writing which shall not involve the commercial know-how.
Article 54 When the procuring intermediary is entrusted to undertake the procurement on behalf of the procuring entity, the suppliers may instead make a request or challenge to the intermediary who shall reply regarding matters within the scope of its entrustment pursuant to Article 51 and Article 53 of this Law.
Article 55 When the complaining supplier is not satisfied with the response by the procuring entity or the procuring intermediary, or when the response is not given within the prescribed period, the appeal may be made to the GPRA at the same level as that of the procuring entity within 15 working days of expiration of the prescribed response period.
Article 56 The GPRA shall make its decision on the appeal within 30 working days after receiving the complaint and inform the appellant and other relevant parties of the results in writing.
Article 57 Depending on the circumstances, the GPRA may issue a suspension order in writing to the procuring entity during the period of dealing with the appeal but the suspension period shall not exceed a maximum of 30 days.
Article 58 When the appellant is not satisfied with the decision of the GPRA or when it does not make a decision within the prescribed period, the supplier shall have the option of filing for either administrative review or judicial litigation.
Chapter Seven Examination and Supervision
Article 59 The GPRA shall strengthen its examination and supervision over procurement activities and the ICGPs』 work.
The examination and supervision involve the following main aspects:
1) Enforcement of the laws and regulations concerning government procurement;
2) Implementation of the procurement scope, methods and procedures;
3) Professional qualifications and ethical performance of the procuring personnel.
Article 60 A GPRA is not allowed to set up an ICGP on its own, and shall not be involved in procurement activities.
The procuring intermediaries shall not have any subordinate relationship or other relationship of interest with the GPRA.
Article 61 ICGPs shall establish a sound internal control and supervision system with a clearly decision-making mechanism featuring checks and balances among internal departments. The powers and duties of the people engaging in the procurement proceedings shall be clearly separated from those responsible for the review and approval of the government procurement contract.
Article 62 The procuring personnel in the ICGPs shall possess the relevant qualifications and professional skills to be qualified for the requirements specially set forth for their jobs.
The ICGP shall strengthen the education and on-the-job training for its staff, regularly examine and evaluate their professional capacities, working performance and professional ethics. Those who fail in the examination are not allowed to continue to retain their jobs.
Article 63 The standards for a given government procurement shall be disclosed to the public.
When the procurement methods provided in the law are adopted, the final results of the procurement shall be publicized on completion of the procurement proceeding.
Article 64 The procuring entity shall carry out its procurements according to the methods and procedures provided for in this Law.
No individual or unit is allowed to require, in breach of this Law, the procuring entity or its staff to procure from the designated suppliers.
Article 65 The GPRA shall examine and inspect the procurement activities, and the procuring parties are obliged to tell the truth and submit the relevant materials as requested.
Article 66 The GPRA shall assess the performance of the ICGPs with respect to procurement price, cost-effectiveness, reputation and compliance with law on a regular basis, and regularly publish final assessment reports.
Article 67 In order to enhance the effectiveness of monitoring government procurement activities, powers and duties relating to administrative regulations of government procurement should be clearly allocated among relevant government authorities.
Article 68 Auditing authorities shall exercise their supervisory powers over the government procurements, and the GPRA and the PGPPs shall subject themselves to their auditing examination.
Article 69 The supervision authorities shall strengthen their oversight over the relevant persons in the state organs, civil servants and others participating in the procurement proceedings.
Article 70 Any individual or unit has the right to accuse or inform violations of this Law in the government procurement proceeding, and the relevant authorities shall resolve the matters in a timely manner authorized.
Chapter Eight Legal Liabilities
Article 71 When one of the following acts is committed by the procuring entity or the procuring intermediary, a correction order or a disciplinary warning shall be issued and a fine may be jointly imposed if necessary. The executives in charge or other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be disciplined by their affiliated administrative authorities or GPRA, and a notice of discipline shall be circulated:
1) When the public tendering method shall be adopted but other procurement methods are used without relevant authorization in advance;
2) When the criteria for the items being procured are modified as more difficult to be satisfied without authorization;
3) When a procuring intermediary without the required qualifications is entrusted to conduct a procurement;
4) When a supplier suffers discriminatory or unfavorable treatment without reasonable justification;
5) When, in the course of public tendering proceedings, negotiation with bidders occurs;
6) When the government procurement contract is not entered into with the successful supplier after the dispatching of the notice of acceptance.
7) When cognizant authorities exercising their monitoring powers are rejected.
Article 72 When one of the following acts is committed by the procuring entity or the procuring intermediary and their staff: the relevant persons shall be prosecuted if a crime is constituted; if no crime is constituted, a fine shall be imposed; if illegal benefits arise, confiscation shall be jointly imposed; if the wrongdoers are civil servants, they shall be subjected to administrative discipline:
1) Maliciously colluding with suppliers or a procuring intermediary;
2) Accepting bribes or acquiring other improper interests and benefits;
3) Misrepresenting to the relevant authorities when exercising their legitimate supervision and inspection;
4) Divulging the base amount of a tender without authorization;
Article 73 When one of the offenses provided for in the immediately preceding two articles in this Law has in fact impaired or is likely to have impaired the award, the solutions are as follows:
1) When the successful supplier has not yet been determined, the procurement proceeding shall be suspended;
2) When the successful supplier has been determined but the government procurement contract has not yet been performed, the government procurement contract shall be rescinded and a new awardee shall be selected from among the remaining participating suppliers;
3) When the government procurement contract has been performed and losses or injuries are caused to the procuring entity or intermediary, the wrongdoers shall be liable for indemnification.
Article 74 When the procuring entity fails to entrust the ICGP to procure the items listed in the CPC as required by the law, the PRA shall issue an order for correction; for those who refuse to implement such an order, the payment of budgetary funds shall be suspended, and the executives in charge or other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be disciplined by the government authority at a higher level above their affiliated governmental department or by other relevant authorities.
Article 75 When the procuring entity does not publish the criteria for a given procurement or its award of contract, an order for correction shall be issued and the executives in charge shall be disciplined for the offenses.
Article 76 When the procuring entity, in violation of this Law, conceals, destroys procurement records that are required to be appropriately maintained, or falsifies or counterfeits procurement records, the GPRA shall impose a fine in a range of 20,000 to 100,000 RMB. The officials in charge and other personnel with direct responsibility for the offense shall be disciplined; when a crime is constituted, it shall be prosecuted.
Article 77 When one of the following circumstances occur to a supplier, a fine ranging from 0.5% to 1% of the total procurement value of itself shall be imposed, and the offending suppliers shall be listed in the blacklist of those with misconduct dependant on which they shall be disqualified for subsequent procurements; when illegal benefits arise, they shall be confiscated; when the offense is materially serious, their business licenses shall be revoked; when a crime is constituted, it shall be prosecuted.
1) False representations in the bidding documents in an attempt to win the contract;
2) Using inappropriate means to defame or exclude other suppliers;
3) Maliciously colluding with the procuring entity, other suppliers or the procuring intermediary;
4) Bribing or providing illegal interests and benefits to the procuring entity or intermediary;
5) Negotiating surreptitiously with the procuring entity in a public tendering proceeding;
6) Refusing examination and inspection by the relevant authorities or making misrepresentation;
When one of the first five circumstances in the preceding paragraph of this article occurs, the final result of the tender shall be invalidated.
Article 78 When the procuring intermediary in the procurement proceeding, in violation of this Law, commits an offense, a fine shall be imposed pursuant to the relevant laws and regulations, and the license for its business shall be revoked; when a crime is constituted, the responsible persons shall be prosecuted.
Article 79 When one of the offenses in article 71, 72 and 77 occurs to the procuring parties and losses are committed, they shall be liable for the consequences pursuant to the civil laws.
Article 80 When the officials in the GPRA, in violation of this Law, abuse their powers, neglect their duties or commit irregularities for favoritism, they shall be subject to administrative discipline; when a crime is constituted, they shall be prosecuted.
Article 81 When the GPRA fails to respond within the prescribed period to an appeal submitted to by the supplier, the officials in charge or other officials with direct responsibilities shall be subject to administrative disciplines.
Article 82 When the officials in the GPRA misrepresents or conceal the truth about the performance of a procuring intermediary, or when regular evaluations are not carried out or results of the evaluation are not published, prompt corrective action shall be taken. The officials in charge shall be disciplined by circulating the notice of offenses while those with direct responsibilities shall be subject to administrative discipline.
Article 83 When any individual or unit attempts to frustrate or restrict the accessibility of their suppliers to the geographic or industrial procurement markets, corrective action shall be taken within the specified period; if the order for correction is neglected, the government authority at the higher level of its affiliated department or other relevant authorities shall hold accountable those officials in charge or other individuals with responsibility.
Chapter Nine Supplementary Provisions
Article 84 When a government procurement is conducted with loans from foreign governments or international organizations, the specific requirements in the loan contract which are different from those in this Law shall prevail if they are not detrimental to the state interests and the public's interests.
Article 85 This Law does not apply to the emergency procurements for natural disasters or other kinds of force majeure, or those procurements that involve state security or state secrets.
Article 86 Laws and regulations regarding military procurement shall be separately enacted by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China.
Article 87 Detailed procedures and methods shall be subsequently formulated by the State Council.
Article 88 This Law shall enter into force as of January 1st of 2003.
LLM (Darwin College, University of Cambridge), PhD Candidate in Law (Law Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). Officer in Legislative Research Department of Financial and Economic Committee of National People's Congress, Member of Drafting Work Group on Chinese Government Procurement Law. I am indebted to Mr. Scott. C Overall, Attorney-at-Law and Senior Legal Advisor on Chinese Government Procurement Law of Asian Development Bank for his helpful comments on earlier drafts. All responsibility for errors rests with the translator alone. Any response on the translation is warmly welcome, please contact by Phone 86-10-6309 3792 or Fax: 86-10-6309 7452 or Email: zhuzhongliang2000@yahoo.com.cn