英語修飾語位置錯誤
以前曾討論過名詞修飾語的種類和用法。在談到修飾語用法時,未免要牽涉到修飾語的位置。這點相當重要,因為修飾語不管是單字的或短語的或甚至是分句的,它們都要定位,不可越雷池一步,否則不是語意模糊,就是不合句法。
下面這則室內設計商的廣告,有兩個小缺點。一個是同義詞重複;另一個便是修飾語位置不妥:
「We fabricate our products from the best quality materials available and ensure refinement in the finishing works while keeping your cost at the lowest possible prices. 」
先談同義詞的重複。在「while keeping your cost at the lowest possible prices」中,把「prices」改為「level」即可。如果要品味好些,可把「possible」挪到「level」後頭,即:「 While keeping your cost at the lowest level possible.」
現在談修飾語位置問題。
在「We fabricate our products from the best quality materials available」中,形容詞短語「best quality」漏了介語 「of」:「of best quality」。這樣的短語一定要擺在被修飾的名詞後面,即:「We fabricate our products from the materials of best quality available」;不然,就把「quality」去掉,只留住「best」也可:「We... from the best materials available.」
上述這兩種小毛病雖然不是很普遍,但是也會碰到。看看這幾個實例就知道了:
① Do you know the man who talked to you in a white shirt?
這裡的形容詞短語「in a white shirt」和所修飾的名詞「the man」離開太遠,不妥當,要移前:「Do you know the man in a white shirt who talked to you ?」
② A dog is a good helper that is well-trained.
這裡的形容詞分句「that is well-trained」修飾名詞「the dog」,不是「a good helper」,因此要和正確的對象靠攏:「A dog that is well-trained is a good helper.」
名詞修飾語的位置重要,動詞修飾語的位置也不可馬虎。例如:
③ The Board of Directors only has meeting once a month.
這裡的副詞「only」顯然是要修飾「once a month」,那麼就應該把它移過去:「The Board of Directors has meeting only once a month.」
④ The man needed a bandage for his wound badly.
這裡的狀態副詞「badly」修飾動詞「needed」。既然如此,它就要移到「needed」之前:「The man badly needed a bandage for his wound.」
⑤ Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are increasing also.
習慣上,「also」這個位置屬於「too」的;「also」可以到「 are increasing」中間去;
「Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are increasing, too.」或
「Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are also increasing.」