在筆者長期的教學中，有兩個問題始終困擾著我，後來我終於得知，也困擾著太多太多和我一樣的一線教師以及學生。
第一個問題：牛津譯林教材的課文值得學麼？
第二個問題：牛津譯林教材的單詞值得背誦麼？
如果對以上的問題作出肯定的回答，第三個問題來了：
為什麼我感覺到教材上教的和考試中考的沒有任何關係？
這是很讓教師尷尬的現實。一方面，我們花了太多的時間在教材上，另一方面卻沒有產生應有的效果。筆者知道，評價一個教材是否得當，要考慮的因素太多。這裡我只找一個小的切入點，即教材上的詞彙，結合2015年高考真題去探索。筆者並不想直接回答上述三個問題，希望你讀完此文後心中自有答案。筆者將文章分為兩個部分：
一、統計結果和啟示
二、怎麼去教和怎麼去學？
一、統計結果和啟示
（一）統計結果（後附具體數據）
牛津教材詞彙在真題中的用到的數量
真題詞彙數量
比率
508個
1123個
45%
總結
你在高考試卷中每遇到的2個單詞中，幾乎有1個是教材中所學的；
你在教材中每學到的6個詞彙中，就有1個會出現在高考試卷中。
（二）從詞塊上比較
筆者抽查的這幾個詞在抽樣上遠遠沒有達到要求，但是也可以管中窺豹，得出以下規律：
（1）高考真題中的詞塊形式上和意義上和教材上的吻合度幾乎為100%，就以activity為例，真題中是「志願者活動」，而教材中是「人類活動」，都是用到了表示有生命的物體名詞來做主語。
（2）教材中對詞塊的意義擴展相當齊全，以adapt，教材中不僅含有高考真題中的「適應」的含義，而且還配備了「改編」的意思。
（3）從語境上看，無論是真題還是教材例句，都充分考慮的語境的豐富。而且譯林教材對單詞的復現率達到了至少2次（即同一個詞塊出現在不同年級的教材中至少有2次）。
隨機抽查
2015真題
牛津模塊教材
accounts
A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.
You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.
activities
People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.
However, many other human activities also let off carbon gases.
adapt
When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.
Many of these more mobile people are moving to large cities, of these, most are young adults, who are flexible and can adapt to new places and situations well.
And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?
Why else would many films adapted from them be successful?
affect
It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state.
However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons' vitory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.
How does the problem personally affect their lives?
agreement
Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic! I am in complete agreement with human cloning.
In 2001, the Council of Europe produced an agreement on cybercrime, which has been
approved by the USA, Canada, Japan and South Africa, as well as by many European countries.
amazing
It’s amazing to see them at work.
In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength.
amount
One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.
A good amount of sleep every night is also important for your health.
The figure is now about 7 billion people! It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
absolute
Governments ruled with absolute power.
Their absolute love of it seems compulsory.
二、我們的詞彙如何複習
（一）善於從教材和真題中進行對比總結，為地道英語表達創造條件
筆者以activity，教師應該總結出以下詞塊：
shared activities
human activities
volunteer activities
……
這樣的好處是，即帶動了課本的複習，又對高考真題的詞塊進行了把握，還有利於避免漢式英語的表達，例如學生往往這樣寫：Human beings』 activities…。我們不能說它錯了，只是說它不是英美人常用的表達。
（二）積極創色語境，激活學生的詞彙背景
筆者在長達一年的教學中，艱難地磨練出覆蓋教材的超短文28篇（每篇針對一個單元，200詞左右），用在暑期跟我衝培訓中，同時也會用在高三實際教學中。這其中，總結了不少經驗。筆者經常說，沒有語境的詞彙教學都是耍流氓。我們中國英語教師來創造英語句子或段落語境是一項比較有風險的事情。無論如何，我們要遵循一個原則：合情合理。所謂合情，即要用詞要地道；所謂合理，即也符合語境邏輯。筆者在教學中採用兩種形式：
（1）串詞成句
首先，請把每個核心單詞的詞塊列出來，然後考慮組合。這樣的好處是，這個句子可以直接用在寫作中。我見過很多很多亂拼湊的句子，只是用到單詞，絲毫不顧及句子是否模仿運用，更別提詞彙用法是否恰當。
我以我剛剛結束的牛津模塊八詞彙為例：
Criterion, philosopher, give thought to, evil, attraction
筆者也不是一下子讓它們組合在一起，而是在權威詞典裡找到如下常用詞塊：
The criterion for doing sth.
Have attraction for
筆者也注意到劍橋詞典用到這個句子：The criterion for measuring how good a school is…
這樣的話，充分展開聯想，就組合這樣的語境：
The criterion for measuring/assessing how good a philosopher is is whether he gives thought to human beings』 kindness and evil and whether his works have attractions for readers.
寫完這個句子，筆者還要核實：have attraction for行不行？為什麼用attractions？evil能否用evils？讀者要知道，名詞單複數、冠詞、主謂一致是英語學習的關鍵（葛傳槼所言）。
這個句子具有一定程度的模仿性，即：
The criterion for measuring/assessing… is…
（2）串句成文
這在上述的基礎上更高一籌，此時不僅要合情合理，還要增加一個合型。英語行文都是有型的，例如議論文和說明文，大多遵循：Topic sentence--supportive sentences。筆者的經驗是，先選定一個話題，基於同一話題進行詞彙的複習和運用。這裡面也可以具體細分：
a) 規整教材同類話題和高考真題閱讀的話題，提取相同詞塊。
b) 基於完形的語用訓練。完形填空裡的詞彙的選擇往往都是充分考慮上下文的語境，可以用來架構詞彙。
c) 基於熱點時事或身邊的事情，甚至剛結束的高考真題作文。
一個成熟的英語教師，在掌握了詞塊的基礎上，理論上可以將身邊的任何熱點拿過來作為造句和成文的例子。學到outlet，這是超綱詞彙，筆者曾經在閱讀理解碰到，怎麼用？想到課間操每天學生跑得辛苦，筆者隨手拈來一個句子：Running provides an outlet for our energies.然後可以展開，為什麼跑步會有助於發洩？
附：
牛津詞彙用到(508)
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2015年江蘇真題詞彙 （1123個）
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