形容詞是描述人或事物的特徵、性質、屬性及狀態的一種詞類,主要用來修飾名詞或代詞。對於形容詞的考查多集中在三個方面:1. 形容詞的比較等級;2. 形容詞詞義辨析;3. 形容詞短語搭配。縱觀近年各地市中考題,對在語言環境中考查形容詞詞義的題目有逐步增加的趨勢。在學習過程中,要在識記形容詞詞義上多下功夫,同時兼顧比較等級的各種變化形式。
副詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識點。從考查形式看,一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用等。所佔分值通常為2~4分。從命題意圖看,側重考查考生的具體語言環境中使用副詞的能力。
中考考查重點:
一、形容詞詞義辨析;二、形容詞短語搭配;
三、副詞的基本用法;四、副詞的分類;五、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。
考向一: 形容詞的分類
分類
說明
性質形容詞
用於表示人或物所具有的性質。在英語中,大量的形容詞屬於這一類別,多數有比較級和最高級,有程度大小的區別,可以使用程度副詞修飾。
funny滑稽的,lovely可愛的,healthy健康的
類別形容詞
用於闡明人或事物所屬的特定類別。這一類形容詞往往沒有程度大小的區別、沒有比較級和最高級,而且不使用程度副詞修飾。
financial經濟的,mental腦力的,cultural文化的
顏色形容詞
用於表示事物顏色的形容詞。這一類形容詞沒有比較級和最高級。
blue藍色的,green綠色的,white白色的
敘述形容詞
這類形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾,大多數以a開頭的形容詞都屬於這一類。
afraid害怕的,alone單獨的,asleep睡著的,worth值得的,ill病的
分詞形容詞
英語中有些表情感態度的動詞,如excite,worry,其過去分詞和現在分詞可形容詞化,即相當於形容詞。
worried擔優的,worrying令人擔憂的,exciting令人興奮的,excited感到興奮的
複合形容詞
指的是由幾個詞共同構成並起形容詞作用的詞。
three-year-old三歲的,ordinary-looking相貌普通的,middle-aged中年的
考向二: 形容詞的句法功能
成分
說明
例句
作定語
一般放在所修飾詞的前面
It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是個寒冷、有風的天氣。
作表語
放在系動詞的後面
He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很開心。
做補足語
作主語或賓語的補足語,說明主語或賓語的性質、狀態或特徵
I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我認為他不可能在天黑之前完成這一工作。
作狀語
主要表示原因、伴隨或方式
Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又餓,我只好停下來休息一下。
【知識拓展】
1. 形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等複合不定代詞時,須放在其後。
Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝點熱的東西嗎?
There is nothing important in the paper. 報上沒什麼重要的事情。
2. 表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞,應放在相應的名詞之後。
The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 這座橋長約兩百米。
Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年,我們蓋了一棟十三層高的樓。
3. 多個形容詞作定語時的順序排列:限定詞(冠詞、數詞、代詞等)→描繪性形容詞→大、小(長、短、高、低)形容詞→形狀形容詞→年齡(新、舊)形容詞→顏色形容詞、國籍形容詞、材料形容詞、用途(類別)形容詞、名詞。
【巧記順口溜】限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往後靠。
a Chinese writing desk 一張中式寫字桌
her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圓的粉紅臉蛋
those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中國古代花瓶
【2020•山東濱州市】—It's very important for us to keep ________.
—You are right. We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.
A. rapidB. safeC. luckyD. social
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——對我們來說保證安全是很重要的。——你是對的。當我們遇到麻煩時,我們應該學會保護自己。考查形容詞辨析。rapid迅速的;safe安全的;lucky幸運的;social社會的。分析句意並結合「We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.」可知,此處強調當我們遇到麻煩時,我們應該學會保護自己,即保證安全。故選B。
考向三: 副詞的基本用法
副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類,表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。
►We should listen to our teachers carefully.我們應該認真聽老師講課。
►He is very happy today.他今天非常高興。
►"What happened?"I asked, rather angrily. "發生什麼事情了?"我相當生氣地問。
►In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到處都能看到花。
不少副詞同時也可用作介詞或其它詞類。
►Have you read this book before? (副詞,作時間狀語) 你以前讀過這本書嗎?
►He will arrive before ten o』clock.(介詞,before ten o』clock 是介詞短語,作時間狀語)他將在10點鐘前到達。
考向四: 副詞的分類
副詞按詞彙意義可分為:
1. 時間副詞:today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still
1)表示發生時間的副詞:
►It’s beginning to rain now! 現在開始下雨了!
2)表示頻繁程度的副詞,也稱頻度副詞always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位於系動詞、情態動詞和助動詞之後,實義動詞之前。
►She often changes her mind. 她常改變主意。
3)還有一些其他表示時間的副詞:
►He has just had an operation. 他剛動過手術。
2. 地點副詞:here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home
1)有不少表示地點的副詞:
►She is studying abroad. 她在國外留學。
2)還有一些部分與介詞同形的副詞。它們與介詞同形,後跟賓語的是介詞,否則是副詞:
①用作介詞:Stand up!起立!
②用作副詞:A cat climbed up the tree. 貓爬上了樹。
3)以where構成的副詞也是地點副詞:It’s the same everywhere. 到處都一樣。
3. 方式副詞:well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly
1)英語中有大量方式副詞,說明行為方式(回答how的問題):
►How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。
2)還有相當多的副詞,表示某些情緒:
►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3)還有一些以-ly結尾的副詞,表示動作發生的狀況:
►He left the town secretly. 他悄然離開了這座城市。
4. 程度副詞:very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite
5. 頻度副詞:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never
【2020•浙江溫州 】—How often do you go to the cinema?
—________. I only watch movies at home.
A. AlwaysB. UsuallyC. SometimesD. Never
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你多久去一次電影院?——從不去。我只在家看電影。考查頻率副詞辨析。Always總是;Usually通常;Sometimes有時;Never從不。根據「I only watch movies at home.」可知,我只在家看電影,所以從不去電影院。故選D。
6. 疑問副詞:where, how, why
7. 否定副詞:no, not, neither, nor
8. 其他副詞:also, too, only
考向五: 易混副詞辨析
英語中一些詞加不加ly都是副詞,但是意義差別很大。
hard艱難地;hardly幾乎沒有
►They work very hard.他們工作非常努力。
►I hardly know her. 我不怎麼認識她.
【2020·黑龍江大慶】Tom studies ________, so he ________ fails the exam.
A. hardly; hardlyB. hard; hardlyC. hard; hardD. hardly; hard
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞辨析。句意:湯姆學習努力,因此他幾乎沒有考試不及格過。hard努力地;hardly幾乎不。動詞study後面用副詞hard修飾表示「學習努力」。第二空根據前半句可知表達的是否定概念「幾乎沒有考試不及格」用副詞hardly。故選B。
在英文中,應該注意hard和hardly的區別,hard可以作形容詞或副詞,意為"努力",也可以指雨大或雪大,而hardly是副詞,意為"幾乎不"。在實際使用時,應注意它們的區別。
late遲到;lately最近
►You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。
►Have you see him lately? 你最近見到過他嗎?
pretty=very非常;prettily漂亮地
►The exam was pretty difficult.這次考試相當難。
►The little girl is always prettily dressed.這個小女孩總是穿得漂漂亮亮的。
意思區別相近的,分別表示具體跟抽象的意思:
close(具體距離上的)接近地、緊挨地;closely(抽象)親密地
►They sat close together
►Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad?
【2020安徽】—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.
—That’s true. We are working ______ together in many fields.
A. closelyB. nervouslyC. terriblyD. humorously
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。發話者說,中國已經與世界上上許多國家都有深厚的友誼。從答語That’s true知,應答者對發話者的觀點表示認同,並會進一步說「我們在很多領域都緊密合作」。故選A。
high(具體高度)高地;highly(抽象)高度地,讚賞地
►The kites fly high in the sky. 這些風箏在天空飛得很高。
►His teachers think very highly of him.(老師們很欣賞他。)老師對他評價很高。
【2020·江蘇揚州中考】— Is Su Ning fit for the task?
— Hang on. I'll tell you ________ whatI think of it.
A. properly B. correctly C. exactly D. highly
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。句意:——蘇寧能勝任這項工作嗎?——稍等一會兒。我將確切地告訴你我的想法。properly適當地;正確地;correctly正確地;exactly確切地;正是;精確地;highly高度地;非常。根據語境句意理解,表示「確切地」,所以需要用副詞exactly。故選C。
deep(空間的,具體)深度;deeply(抽象,感情上的)深深地
►He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插進泥漿裡。
►Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凱倫與戴夫倆人深深地相愛著。
wide具體距離很寬;widely廣泛地
►The door was wide open.門被開得大大的。
►We were widely different on many questions.我們在許多問題上分歧很大。
真題再現
1.【2020•甘肅武威市】After months of looking he ________ found a job. That made him quite happy.
A. hardly B. quickly C. finally D. sadly
2.【2020•貴州黔南州 】The man in blue is __________ old to finish the difficult task in such a short time.
A. too B. very C. so D. such
3.【2020•海南省】Uncle Liang has a great collection of _________watches.
A. enjoyable B. valuable C. comfortable
4.【2020•海南省】Although it is raining _________, the policemen are still on duty in the street.
A. clearly B. directly C. heavily
5.【2020•黑龍江牡丹江、雞西地區 】—Mom, my little sister is crying all the time.
—Mary, be ________! She feels sick. You should take good care of her.
A. patient B. quiet C. honest
6.【2020•黑龍江牡丹江、雞西地區 】—Can you catch what I said?
—Sorry, I can ________ understand you.
A. mostly B. nearly C. hardly
7.【2020•黑龍江綏化】Listen to me __________, or you can't follow me.
A. care B. careful C. carefully
8.【2020•江蘇省淮安市】—Peter, have you heard of the song Let it go?
—Yes, it sounds _________ and it's popular among young people.
A. nice B. bad C. terrible D. strange
9.【2020•南通市】David is crazy about Chinese history. He _______ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China.
A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always
10.【2020•江蘇泰州市】It’s a________ idea to build cabin hospitals (方艙醫院) to receive patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎).
A. cheerful B. classical C. creative D. curious
11.【2020•無錫市】Cheer up, son! You have friends here. You’re not ________.
A. alone B. awake C. afraid D. asleep
12.【2020•無錫市 】—Look, Grandma! ________ click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor.
—So easy? Do I need a special number or something?
A. Simple B. Simply C. Easy D. Easily
13.【2020•徐州市】My grandma is a really nice person — one of________ people I know.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
14.【2020•無錫市 】It’s lucky we booked a room; otherwise we』ll have ________to stay now.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
15.【2020•鹽城市】Tan Dun has brought Chinese and Western music together.
A. successfully B. hopefully C. harmfullyD. peacefully
16.【2020•鹽城市】Although Zhong Nanshan knows the new virus is more to old people, he cares little for his own safety.
A. polite B. dangerous C. friendly D. important
17.【2020•揚州市 】—I hate rain. It never ends.
—Dear, don’t think of it. Try to be________ and enjoy things.
A. careful B. cheerful C. useful D. faithful
18.【2020•揚州市 】—Is Su Ning fit for the task?
—Hang on. I』ll tell you________ what I think of it.
A. properly B. correctly C. exactly D. highly
19.【2020•鎮江市】My English teacher is a___________ lady and she often corrects my pronunciation again and again.
A. patient B. creative C. modest D. curious
20.【2020•江西省 】Tina ________ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.
A. always B. often C. sometimes D. hardly
21.【2020•瀋陽市】Chinese food is so delicious that ________ foreigners are learning to cook it.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
22.【2020•鐵嶺葫蘆島】Our Chinese teacher is so ________ that each students likes her.
A. patient B. lucky C. shy D. busy
23.【2020•鐵嶺葫蘆島】He is too lazy so he ________ does housework. We shouldn't learn from him.
A. almost B. hardly C. probably D. exactly
24.【2020•東營市】Everyone in our neighborhood loves my grandma because she is ________ kind to others.
A. never B. always C. seldom D. sometimes
25.【2020•東營市】— Mummy, why do you have grey hair?
— Because you always make me ________.
— Oh, I know why my grandma’s hair is white.
A. bored B. worried C. relaxed D. surprised
【答案】CABCA CCADC ABDCA BBCAD AABBB