四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語其的結構為: should + 動詞原形,主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。
句型:
(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural...that...
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that...
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /... that...
(4) It worries me that...
如:
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我們先把功課學好很重要。
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪,他竟沒有來。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我們竟要受責備真讓人煩惱。
五、表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣
英語中,表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當句子的主語而後面接表語從句或它們後面接同位語時,表語從表面上看幾屗及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:(should) + 動詞原形。如:
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我們接受了他的建議:我們應該請求老師的幫助(from www.yygrammar.com)。
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告訴了我們他的想法:他想上大學。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建議就是我們的工作要更細心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他們的計劃就是在家鄉建一座新工廠。
六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣
英語中,表示:「早該做某事了」時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形。如:
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。
七、簡單句中的虛擬語氣
1. 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should + 原形動詞。如:
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎?
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。
I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。
2. 表示「祝願」時,常用「may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他」。如:
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。
3. 表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時,常用動詞原形。如:
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中|國|共|產|黨|萬|歲。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。
(1) 提出請求或邀請。如:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎?
Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎?
(2) 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如:
I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。
I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。
(3) 提出勸告或建議。如:
You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。
(4) 提出問題。如:
Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎?
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎?
(5) 表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:「情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞」。如:
You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這裡了。
You should have returned it to him. 你應該把他還給他了。
-End-
文本編輯:顏讀英語