反襯法在2021年1月八省聯考英語試卷語篇應用分析
浙江省華維外國語學校 朱建煥
在各種語言知識中, 語篇知識相對比較重要, 它既涉及語篇的主題意義、主題語境知識和為有效表達主題意義而在宏觀設計上採用的謀篇布局知識或文體知識；在微觀層面上則需要遣詞造句知識、句與句之間和段與段之間的銜接和連貫、詞語間相互照應的知識。而句與句之間銜接最常見的是反襯關係，即先抑為了反襯後揚，先揚為了反襯後抑，先抑為了後面更大的抑，先揚是為了後面更大的揚。這四種不同情況的共同之處在於都會出現表示轉折關係的詞, 如although, though, while, as, no matter+疑問詞，but等連詞、however, nevertheless, whereas等副詞、in spite of, despite, regardless of等介詞或者介詞短語和in fact、actually, as a matter of fact, in reality, now, fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, unluckily等表示轉折關係的詞語。下面筆者將接合2021年1月八省聯考英語試卷具體語篇來說明反襯法在它們中的具體運用，以期引起大家的共同思考。
1. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of the greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: Is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
語篇題材: 閱讀理解B篇
語篇主題: 選擇使用產品取決於具體實際情況
連接詞語: fortunately, but
結構作用: 引出主題
2. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball.
語篇題材: 閱讀理解C篇
語篇主題: 魔術師的表演技巧
連接詞語: actually
結構作用: 呈現細節
3. It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenge when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone. So do not have complex system of social smart.
語篇題材: 閱讀理解D篇
語篇主題: 熊智商的提高
連接詞語: however
結構作用: 解釋原因
4．They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it is keeping fit, communicating with your friends, or even learning a language. 36. However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit. Here’s what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.
語篇題材: 七選五任務型閱讀
語篇主題: 選擇使用手機軟體的方法
連接詞語: however
結構作用: 引出主題
5. From that day on, I 50. completely stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works. It is one of the most 51. Important incidents in my life, which taught me to 52. respect the profession and works of a person, no matter how 53. small they are.
語篇題材: 完型填空
語篇主題: 尊重不同職業
連接詞語: no matter+疑問詞how
結構作用: 升華主題
6. While many of your trusted relatives and peers may have very 57. valuable advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.
語篇題材: 語法填空
語篇主題: 自我決定的重要性
連接詞語: while
結構作用: 引出主題
7．It is easy 59. to let a particular school become a front-runner early on 60. what your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice---but be sure to carefully evaluate every school 61. that has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
Do keep 62. an open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there is no re-living a certain semester, and there is no making up for the lost time.
語篇題材: 語法填空
語篇主題: 自我決定的重要性
連接詞語: but
結構作用: 呈現細節
8. Although I can’t wait to participate in the poem recitation contest, I am still at a loss which English poem I should choose. Would you be so kind as to recommend some suitable ones for me?
語篇題材: 應用文
語篇主題: 求助建議
連接詞語: although
結構作用: 引出主題
9. He conveyed through her that he had a jack but that it was too small for the jeep, so we would need something to support it.
I tried to put a $20 bill in the man’s hand, but he wouldn’t take it. So I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could.
語篇題材: 讀後續寫閱讀部分
語篇主題: 善意傳遞
連接詞語: but
結構作用: 呈現細節
10. Though a long time has passed, every time I meet someone who needs help, I always reach out to them, hoping to pass on the kindness that Mexican family offered me.
語篇題材: 讀後續寫閱讀部分
語篇主題: 善意傳遞
連接詞語: though
結構作用: 升華主題
反襯法作為一種非常常見的寫作手法,在各種類型的語篇中,如聽力語篇、閱讀理解語篇、完型填空語篇、寫作語篇中都被廣泛使用。掌握了反襯法，相當於我們擁有了一把解讀語篇的金鑰匙，可以順利把握語篇中心，掌控語篇信息。所以，我們必須對反襯法這種寫作手法引起足夠重視並且要熟練運用，從而達到駕馭語篇、創造語篇的目的。