考研英語閱讀理解中，年年必考的題型還包括一個：詞彙題。即通過指出原文中的一個單詞或短語（往往用下劃線標明），要求準確理解其意思，意在考察考生在不認識單詞的情況下對上下文的理解能力。對於這一題型，衝刺通關階段必須要妥妥滴攻克。
一、詞彙題常見考查方式
詞彙題常見考查對象有四種：對大綱內常見詞彙的生僻含義的考察；對超綱詞彙的考察；對代詞所指代內容的考察；句子理解題（往往涉及對句中某一關鍵詞或關鍵短語的理解）。題幹命題模式主要有：
The phrase (word, sentence)「...」(in line...) most probably means...
By「...」, the writer (probably ) means...
What does the author probably mean by「...」in... paragraph?
The phrase (word, sentence) suggests...
From the passage, we can infer that the word「...」is...
According to passage, what is「...」?
When the author says that..., he means...
二、詞彙題破解關鍵：上下文
詞彙題的存在意義不是讓你憑空去猜，而是讓你理解文章，因此，破解關鍵就隱藏在上下文中。大多情況下，要求解釋的詞彙或短語附近會出現一些提示詞，通常會以同義詞或者反義詞的形式出現，只要在上下文中仔細尋找，不難找到。此外，還可以根據句間關係來判斷。句間關係共有五大類：因果、比較、否定、轉折，並列，有時句中的一個單詞不認識，通過句間關係能夠推斷出作者想借它表達的意思。
三、真題連結
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.（2010年真題）
The word「about-face」(Line 1) most probably means：
[A] loss of good will
[B] increase of hostility
[C] change of attitude
[D] enhancement of dignity
解析：about-face之前是curb「控制」，而之後是approving「贊同」，很明顯兩者是對立關係，選項A「好的意願的消失」，選項B「敵意的增加」，選項D「尊嚴的提升」，表達的都是同一性，而不是相對性，只有選項C「態度的變化」，既然是變化就體現出來相對性，因此選項C為正確答案。
詞彙考察是表象，關鍵還是要讀懂上下文。掌握了這點，即便再難猜的單詞也可以輕鬆按圖索驥，找出其隱藏在上下文的意思。祝你閱讀、詞彙雙通關，考試成功！
(責任編輯：張嬋)
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