最近，一條「裸眼視力考核納入中考」的話題衝上熱搜，引發網友爭議。
近日，山西省長治市將裸眼視力和體重考核結果納入中考總成績的消息，引發社會關注。
A city in North China's Shanxi Province has drawn controversy after setting eyesight and weight as part of middle school students' graduation tests results.
長治市有關部門表示，將裸眼視力和體重考核納入中考，是長治市中考改革的一部分。2019年6月，長治市宣布從2022年開始，本市中考將增設學生綜合素質評價50分，其中身體素質佔20分。
Authorities in the city of Changzhi, Shanxi, said that including the two indexes in the examinations, which determine whether students can gain admittance into the high school of their choice, is part of the city's educational reform efforts. The city announced that from 2022, the city's graduation tests will add 50 points for students' comprehensive qualities, of which physical fitness accounts for 20 points.
身體素質的20分包括10分的過程性評價和10分的結果性評價。過程性評價重點考查學生參與各項體育活動、心理健康表現等情況；結果性評價主要考查學生體重、裸眼視力情況，各佔5分。
據介紹，對裸眼視力的考察，最高分和最低分最多相差兩分。「我們將裸眼視力分為三檔，大於等於4.9為正常視力，得5分，4.6到4.8之間為中度近視，得4分，小於等於4.5為重度近視，得3分。」長治市教育局相關負責人表示。
For full five marks, students will be rated for three different levels of their eyesight. Those who are deemed as "seriously short-sighted" will get a three, the lowest score.
體重的考查則由體重指數（BMI）來衡量，男生15.8到22.8之間、女生16到22.6之間為正常，得5分；男生小於等於15.7、女生小於等於15.9為低體重，得4分；男生22.9到26之間、女生22.7到25.1之間為超重，得4分；男生大於等於26.1、女生大於等於25.2為肥胖，得3分。最高分和最低分同樣相差兩分。
相關規定引發微博熱議，有網友指出，這項標準可能有失公平，尤其對於天生視力不佳的學生、不能負擔矯正視力費用的貧困家庭而言，「涉嫌基因與經濟雙重歧視」。
The regulation led to debate on Chinese social media platforms, with many people saying that it is unfair for those who have congenital myopia. There has been heated debate over whether the move is unfair and discriminates against students who have genetically poor eyesight and lower income families who can't afford corrective surgery.
首都醫科大學附屬北京同仁醫院眼科副主任熊瑛表示，雖然比較希望教育部門和學校能夠加大一些未成年人近視防控的舉措，但是這麼做確實有「偏心」與「歧視」之嫌。
另有網友認為，有的學生體重較重，並非由於缺乏鍛鍊，很有可能是因為患有某種疾病服藥所致。
Others said some students may have become fat not because of lack of exercise, but as a result of medication taken for certain illnesses.
面對公眾關切，當地教育部門回應表示：「這兩項考核，考生最後得分差距並不大，主要是想起到一個導向作用，引導青少年自覺加強體育鍛鍊、保護視力，提高身體素質。」
In response to public questions, local education authorities explained that the move aimed to encourage teenagers to get more exercise and protect their vision.
對於先天性近視的學生，家長可提供孩子自近視以來的醫院就診及治療相關證明材料，學校審核公示無異議後，可直接得5分；因意外事故導致裸眼視力受損的學生，可通過醫療部門出具診斷證明，學校審核公示無異議後，也可以得5分。同樣的，「對於吃含激素藥物導致肥胖的學生，如果在用藥期間，家長可提供醫療部門出具的診斷證明，學校審核公示無異議後得5分」，這位負責人說。
They also gave assurances that those with congenital myopia or obesity from taking medication will not be affected as long as they can provide medical certificates.
在這兩項考核引發爭議的背後，則是中國近年來出現了越來越多的近視眼和超重學生。
圖源：視覺中國
The controversy comes amid a severe situation in China which has seen the number of students who have become short-sighted and obese increasing in recent years.
據新華每日電訊報導，8月27日，教育部調查顯示，與2019年底相比，半年來學生近視率增加了11.7%。
而國家衛健委2019年發布的相關調查數據顯示，全國青少年總體近視率為53.6%。其中，高中生近視率高達81%。
Figures released by the National Health Commission of China last year show the average rate of nearsightedness among Chinese teenagers has reached 53.6 percent. Chinese senior high school students are the hardest-hit, as 81 percent of Chinese teenagers between age 16 and 18 have this eye condition.
不過，增加考核就可以防止學生近視和肥胖嗎？
21世紀教育研究院院長熊丙奇接受澎湃新聞採訪時表示，如果真的「最終得分差距並不大」，那麼，按照當前的中考競爭格局，此舉可能起不到什麼實質性的導向作用，而且在具體落實過程中，也可能不會引起教育部門、學校的重視，最終仍會按照大家「分數差不多」來執行。從這個層面講，重視保護學生視力，則會有異化為形式主義的可能。
央視新聞報導中指出，長治市的教改措施讓社會愈發意識到青少年視力保護的重要性，不過新規是倒逼護眼還是給學生增負，仍是一個未知數。網友則表示，探究近視、超重高發原因，避免其發生才是根本原因。
綜合來源：環球時報英文版網站，CGTN，澎湃新聞，央視新聞，新華每日電訊
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