十三屆全國人大二次會議15日上午在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請會見中外記者，並回答記者提問。
3月15日，十三屆全國人大二次會議在北京人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請會見中外記者，並回答記者提問。 新華社記者 邢廣利 攝
路透社記者：去年中國採取了一系列措施放鬆貨幣條件，還加大了減稅降費力度，今年中國表示將進一步放寬貨幣條件，進一步減稅降費，還要加大基礎設施投資。請問，中國經濟面臨的問題是否比之前預想得更為嚴重？如果經濟放緩繼續持續下去，中國是否會考慮採取更加有力的舉措，包括取消房地產限制和降低基準利率等？ Reuters: Last year China took a number of measures to ease monetary conditions. China also cut taxes and fees. This year China is promising more monetary easing, more tax cuts and more infrastructure spending. Are China’s economic problems bigger than previously thought? And if the economic slowdown doesn’t stop, would China consider taking more aggressive measures such as lifting property curbs and cutting benchmark interest rates?
李克強：這位記者朋友喜歡單刀直入，那我也開誠布公。中國經濟確實遇到了新的下行壓力，現在世界經濟都在放緩，就在這一個多月期間，幾大國際權威機構都在調低世界經濟增長的預期。中國適度調低經濟增長預期目標，用的是區間調控的方式，既和去年經濟增速相銜接，也表明我們不會讓經濟運行滑出合理區間，可以說給市場發出的是穩定的信號。 Premier Li: You went straight to the point in your question and I will not beat about the bush. It is true that China’s economy has encountered new downward pressure against a larger backdrop of slower global economic growth. In the past month or so, several major international organizations have adjusted downward their forecast for global growth this year. We have adjusted downward, as appropriate, our projected economic growth target for 2019, and set it at a target range. This is compatible with the GDP growth rate we achieved last year. It is also consistent with our determination to prevent major economic indicators from sliding out of the proper range. By this way, we have sent a message of stability to the market.
去年，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全國上下奮力拼搏，在推進供給側結構性改革的進程中，面對國際貿易保護主義抬頭的背景，中國經濟實現6.6%的增速，的確是來之不易。國內生產總值總量達到90萬億元，在這個基礎上，今年預計經濟增長6%至6.5%，這是高基數、大總量上的增長，可以說本身就是進。 Last year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, people across China made united efforts to advance the supply-side structural reforms, and we achieved a 6.6 percent GDP growth, which was no mean feat. Against the backdrop of growing trade protectionism in the international environment, China’s GDP aggregate reached 90 trillion RMB yuan. Our projected target for GDP growth this year is 6-6.5 percent. It will be a growth on top of a very large base figure. Keeping steady growth of China’s economy in itself is important progress.
當然，面對新的下行壓力，要有有力舉措。一種辦法是搞量化寬鬆，超發貨幣、大幅度提高赤字率，搞所謂「大水漫灌」，一時可能有效，但蘿蔔快了不洗泥，會帶來後遺症，所以不可取。我們還是要堅持通過激發市場活力，來頂住下行壓力。前些年，我們也遇到下行壓力，採取的就是激發市場活力的措施，因為市場活力增強了，發展的動力必然增強。 We must take strong measures to cope with the current downward economic pressure. One possible option is to resort to quantitative easing, including excessive money supply and a much higher deficit-to-GDP ratio, flooding the economy with liquidity. Such an indiscriminate and expedient approach might work in the short run, but may also lead to future problems. Hence, it is not a viable option. Our choice is to energize market players to counter the downward pressure. We encountered economic downturn in the past several years, and the measures we took were aimed at boosting the vitality of the market, which generated stronger dynamism for development.
現在中國市場主體已經超過1億戶，把他們的活力激發出來，這個力量是難以估量的。我們還是要政貴有恆，繼續推進減稅降費、簡政、培育新動能、放寬市場準入、營造公平競爭環境等一系列措施，為市場鬆綁，為企業騰位，為百姓解憂。把他們的創造力釋放出來，我們一定能夠保持經濟運行在合理區間，而且推動高質量發展。 China now has over 100 million market entities. When their vitality is fully unleashed, the energies that could be created would be incalculable. We must keep our policies stable and ensure their continuity. We will continue to cut taxes and fees, streamline administration, foster new drivers of growth, broaden market access and level the playing field for all market players. In this way, we will be able to lift the curbs on the market, free up space for companies and resolve concerns for our people. We will generate tremendous creativity in this process. And this will also put us in a strong position to keep major economic indicators within a proper range and achieve high-quality development.
當然，今年不確定因素不少，我們還要有更多的應對準備，留有政策空間。比如我們今年提高赤字率0.2個百分點，達到2.8%，沒有超過國際上所謂3%的警戒線。我們還可以運用像存款準備金率、利率等數量型或價格型工具，這不是放鬆銀根，而是讓實體經濟更有效地得到支持。不管發生什麼樣的新情況，我們都會立足當前、著眼長遠，保持中國經濟穩定，保持中國經濟長期向好趨勢不變，這都是很重要的。中國經濟會始終成為世界經濟的一個重要「穩定之錨」。 We also need to take strong measures to cope with growing uncertainties that we face this year. We have policies in reserve for that purpose. For example, we raised the deficit ratio for this year by 0.2 percentage point to 2.8 percent, which is below the international warning line of 3 percent. In addition, we can also resort to quantitative or pricing tools like required reserve ratios and interest rates. We are not going for monetary easing, but trying to provide effective support to the real economy. Facing new circumstances, we will stay firmly grounded in China’s realities and take a long-term view. We will do our best to keep China’s economic growth stable and maintain the sound momentum of the economic development for the long run. China’s economy will remain an anchor of stability for the global economy.
《財新周刊》記者：中國政府出臺了一系列關於減稅降費的舉措，不少企業家反映企業稅收依然很重，今年政府出臺了更大規模的減稅降費，請問您認為企業能得到實惠嗎？財政可持續嗎？ Cai Xin: The Chinese government took a series of steps to reduce taxes and fees. However, some business people still feel that the tax burden on companies is quite heavy. This year the government plans to implement deeper tax and fee cuts. I would like to ask if you think real benefits can be truly delivered to companies, and is our country’s public finance sustainable?
李克強：近幾年我們利用營改增等，平均每年給企業減稅降費一萬億元，三年三萬億元。應該說，我們減稅的規模是比較大的。今年下決心要進行更大規模的減稅降費，把增值稅和基本養老保險單位繳費率降下來，減稅降費紅利近兩萬億元。這可以說是應對當前經濟下行壓力的一個十分重要的關鍵性舉措。 Premier Li: In the past several years, we worked to replace business tax with value-added tax. For the past three years, we cut taxes by three trillion yuan, or one trillion on an average annual basis. This is fairly large-scale tax reduction. This year we will implement larger-scale tax and fee cuts. We will make reductions in the VAT and employers』 contributions to the basic pension insurance scheme. This will deliver a dividend of as much as two trillion yuan to companies. It is an important measure for countering the downward pressure.
這樣做有利於公平，因為按照規則，各類所有制企業普遍能從減稅降費中受惠，而且政策效率很高，一竿子插到底，直達市場主體。4月1日就要減增值稅，5月1日就要降社保費率，全面推開。我看還沒有其他辦法比這種辦法給企業帶來的感受更公平、更有效。 This is also a fair and efficient policy option. The same rules will be enforced and companies under all types of ownership will stand to benefit as equals. The policy will reach all market players directly. The plan is to cut VAT rates starting from 1 April, and the social insurance contribution rate from 1 May. No other way may work as fairly and efficiently as this one for companies.
今年更大規模的減稅降費是一項重大改革和重要抉擇。之前我們反覆測算，有多種方案，一種就是今後幾年每年把增值稅率降一個百分點，但在當前情況下企業可能感受不深。所以我們下決心把佔增值稅總量近60%的製造業等行業的增值稅率降低3個百分點，把建築業等部分行業降1個百分點，其他所有行業也確保只減不增。由於稅制的原因，可能在推進過程當中有些行業抵扣少了，稅收會有增加，我們也做了認真的準備，對他們加大抵扣的力度，用打補丁的辦法，並對所有的中小微企業實行普惠性減稅，以此確保所有行業稅負只減不增。對基本養老保險單位繳費率，我們還明確，可以從原規定的20%降到16%。 Our larger-scale tax and fee cuts are a very important reform measure and a crucial decision. Before we took this decision, we did thorough calculations. In the past, there were several different plans under consideration. For example, one of the plans was to cut the VAT rates by just one percentage point each year in the following several years. But that may not bring as many benefits to companies as the current plan. Under the current plan, the VAT rate for the manufacturing sector will be cut by three percentage points. The manufacturing sector accounts for close to 60 percent of all VAT. For construction and related sectors, the VAT rate will be cut by one percent point. For other industries, we will also work to ensure that the tax burden on companies will only go down, not up. Due to the setup of the tax code, with fewer deductions, the tax payments of some sectors may somewhat increase. To address this problem, we will make further tax deductions. In this process, the tax burden on all micro, small and medium-sized companies will be significantly eased. All in all, as I said before, taxes levied on companies will only come down instead of going up. Moreover, employers』 contributions to the basic pension insurance scheme will be cut from 20 percent to 16 percent.
減稅是要減收的。我們今年安排財政支出和GDP增長同步，確保民生重點領域、三大攻堅戰支出只增不減。那麼人們會問錢從哪裡來？赤字只提高了0.2個百分點，填不上這個窟窿怎麼辦？我們的辦法是，政府要過緊日子，不僅要壓縮政府一般性支出，而且增加特定國有金融機構和央企上繳利潤、進入國庫，並把長期沉澱的財政資金收回。通過這些舉措，我們籌集了1萬億元資金。我們還要求地方政府也要挖潛，把自己的功課做足。對中西部地區，我們將給予適當的轉移支付支持。大規模減稅降費，是要動政府的存量利益，要割自己的肉。所以我說這是一項刀刃向內、壯士斷腕的改革。 Cutting taxes means smaller fiscal revenues. This year, our fiscal spending will grow in tandem with the GDP growth rate. We also need to ensure that government spending in key areas related to people’s lives and in fighting the three critical battles will increase. Then it begs the question: where does the money come from? Only increasing the budget deficit ratio by 0.2 percent point is not enough to make up for the shortfall. The answer is: the government will tighten its belt and cut back on its general expenditures. At the same time, certain state-owned financial institutions and enterprises directly under the central government will be asked to turn in a larger share of their profits to the state coffers. The central government will also take back those fiscal funds that have long stayed unused. Through these means, we have put together one trillion yuan. Local governments also need to do their homework and contribute, but for localities in the central and western regions, transfer payments from the central government will be made. Digging into the government’s own revenue stock for slashing taxes and fees would be like the government turning the blade of a knife to itself, which requires significant self-sacrifice. That is why I said this is a key reform that requires exceptional courage and determination.
剛才記者問，這樣做財政可持續嗎？我們也是認真算過帳的。我們是給製造業等基礎行業、給帶動就業面最大的中小企業明顯減稅，這實際上是「放水養魚」、培育財源。我們前幾年在營改增過程中起先也是財政減收的，但後來稅基擴大了，財政收入增長了。現在看，我們還要調整國民收入分配結構，這也是一項改革。從趨勢看，應該給實體經濟、給企業讓利，讓他們在國民收入分配蛋糕中的比例更大，這樣能更多帶動就業，讓就業人群增加收入。為此，政府就要過緊日子，就要讓利，政府的存量利益也要動，得罪人也要動，讓利於企業，讓利於民，這樣財政才更可持續，反過來講可能就要打問號了。我們這樣做，不是在預支未來，恰恰是在培育未來。 You asked if our public finance is sustainable. Let me tell you that the government has done its due diligence. We are going to cut VAT rates for the manufacturing and other basic sectors. And we are going to make things much easier for small and medium-sized companies, the largest providers of jobs in our country. They will see their taxes meaningfully reduced. This will create a more enabling environment for companies, and also help to expand our tax sources. When we started with the VAT reform several years ago, government revenue also declined. However, it didn’t take long for it to increase again, as the tax base expanded. This is also a reform that will make adjustments to the structure of our national income distribution. By expanding the share of companies therein, we will create more jobs and put more money in our people’s pockets. To do this, the government must live on a tight budget, and let companies benefit more. We must dig into the government’s own pockets, even if this involves offending people. This is actually helpful for keeping our public finance sustainable. As a matter of fact, our ability to keep China’s public finance sustainable may be called into question if the above measures are not taken. Such measures are not taking an overdraft on our future, but nurturing a better tomorrow.
現在可以說是真金白銀已經備好了，有關部門和各級政府都要去落實，決不能讓政策「打白條」，更不允許變換花樣亂收費來衝擊減稅降費的成效，要讓企業、讓市場主體切實感受到更大規模減稅降費的實實在在效果。 So, these heavyweight policies and measures are all set, relevant departments and governments at all levels must fully deliver those policies and measures. There must be no lip service. We will let market players test their actual effects and there must be no arbitrary charges levied in disguised forms. Our end goal is to deliver concrete benefits to companies and market entities.
韓國《東亞日報》記者：朝美領導人河內會晤談崩之後，外界認為朝鮮有可能正在準備恢復發射火箭，朝鮮半島局勢下一步發展還是存在不確定性，中方對此如何看？中方作為和朝鮮保持戰略性溝通和高層來往的鄰邦，為了勸和促談，化解朝美之間的分歧，目前在發揮什麼樣的建設性作用？ The Dong-A Ilbo: The Hanoi summit between the DPRK and the United States broke down and after that there are analyses arguing that there is a possibility for the DPRK preparing for resuming rocket launch. And there are still uncertainties on the Korean Peninsula situation. How does the Chinese side see the kind of situation on the Peninsula? Another question is, China has stayed in strategic communication and exchanged high-level visits with the DPRK and has been promoting dialogue between the DPRK and the United States and working to ease differences between the two parties. What constructive role is China playing in this respect?
李克強：半島問題可以說是錯綜複雜、由來已久，解決起來不可能一蹴而就。一段時間以來，大家都比較關注朝美領導人河內會晤。會晤後，雙方都表示要繼續接觸。我認為，接觸總比不接觸好。我們還是要保持耐心，要抓住機遇，特別是當前顯現出的積極因素，推動對話，特別是朝美對話，實現大家都希望得到的成果。中國始終堅持半島無核化，希望保持半島的和平穩定，這個立場從來沒有改變過。解決好半島問題，不僅對北南雙方，對地區、對世界都有利。 Premier Li: The Korean Peninsula issue is a long-standing and complicated one. It cannot be resolved overnight. Much attention has been paid to the Hanoi summit between the DPRK and the United States. Following the summit, both sides expressed readiness to stay engaged with each other, and having such kind of engagement is better than no contact at all. I believe it is important for all parties concerned to stay patient, seize opportunities and the positive factors that have emerged, and promote dialogue, especially dialogue between the DPRK and the United States, to move toward outcomes that we all would like to see. China is committed to a denuclearized Korean Peninsula. We hope there will be peace and stability there. And this has been our consistent position. A proper settlement of the Peninsula issue is in the interest of both the North and the South. It is also in the regional and global interest.
中國新聞社記者：我們注意到近幾年中國政府一直在著力改善民生，但是在民生領域也會聽到一些抱怨。明年就要全面建成小康社會了，除了脫貧之外，民生領域我們能有哪些實實在在的期待？政府對解決民生問題究竟是怎麼考慮的？ China News Service: The Chinese government has been taking measures to improve living standards over the years. However, there are still complaints about some issues concerning quality of life. Next year we will complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. So in addition to poverty alleviation, what concrete progress can we look forward to in all these livelihood areas and what plan does the government have to improve people’s well-being?
李克強：你問的問題很大，因為民生本身就是天大的事情，要做的事情很多。我們要在發展經濟的過程中持續改善民生，抓住民生的一些重點、難點問題，一件一件去做。現在大數據顯示，「一老一小」的問題，就是養老服務、託幼服務有困難。這個確實應該引起我們高度重視。 Premier Li: You asked a fairly big question. Any issue related to people’s lives is of paramount importance and there are still a lot of things in this respect the government must do. We will continue to improve people’s well-being in the process of developing the Chinese economy. We must put our focus on these key areas and major difficulties faced by our people. A big data survey suggests that issues related to aged and child care are still commonly felt difficulties for our people and this must draw closer attention from the government.
現在中國老齡人口，如果按60歲以上算，近2.5億人，65歲以上有1.7億人，6歲以下兒童有上億人，他們的服務問題涉及到絕大多數家庭，但是我們這方面的服務供給是不足的。全面實施「兩孩」政策以後，託幼難更突出了。養老機構現在能提供的服務，每百人只有3個床位。有的大城市統計，可能要到90歲以後才能等到養老床位。我說這句話的意思是，現在我們即便繼續加大養老機構、多功能幼兒園發展的力度，也還是跟不上需求增長的速度。 The number of senior citizens at the age of 60 or above in China has reached 250 million, the number of those at or above 65, 170 million, and there are up to 100 million children in China below six years old. Services targeting these populations are still lacking, and they affect most of the Chinese families. The difficulty of insufficient child care services is particularly acute after the implementation of the two-child policy. When it comes to aged care facilities, on average, there are only three beds for every 100 senior citizens. Some surveys suggest that in big cities, one would have to wait until 90 years old before he or she can get a place in a nursing home. The increase of such facilities is lagging behind the growing needs for them.
怎麼辦？我到一些地方去調研，發現已經有好的經驗，就是重點發展社區養老託幼服務，這樣可以做到就近可及、普惠公平，只要安全可靠，大家是歡迎的。所以，我想還是要創新機制，對接群眾需求，發揮社會力量作用，加大政府扶持力度。比如說，提供公租房，讓那些從事助餐助行、日間照料、康復、老年大學等的社會力量免費使用，還可以給予水電氣的費用減免，可以減稅免稅，因為他們實際上也是幫政府共同解決民生之難。社區工作人員、政府的有關部門要保障公平準入，把主要精力放在公正監管上，確保這些服務是安全可靠的，對那些違規的要堅決逐出市場，讓老人、孩子、家庭都放心安心。老年人能安度晚年，孩子們有幸福的童年，那就有千家萬戶幸福愉悅的家庭，也可以讓青年人或者中青年人有更多的精力去就業創業。當然，民生方面的問題還很多，我們會抓住重點難點，盡力而為、量力而行去解決。 How does the government plan to address this acute problem? In my local inspection trips, I have seen that some good experience has been gained in this respect, that is, to vigorously develop community-based providers of such services. If there can be accessible, quality services that are safe, reliable, and beneficial to all, they will certainly be very popular among the targeted populations. In this respect, the government needs to develop innovative mechanisms to better match market supply with our people’s demand. The government also needs to provide policy support. For example, we may provide public rental housing units for free to private operators as venues of facilities for providing assisted meal, assisted mobility, day care, rehabilitation, and even open senior colleges. The government may also provide tax exemption or tax-free treatment for these service providers in terms of their expenses on water, electricity and natural gas. These entities are all working together with the government to address our people’s actual needs. The main job of community-level officials and competent departments is to ensure fair market access and enhance oversight so that these services will be both safe and reliable, and those who break the rules will be driven out of the market. In this way, we will be able to keep our senior citizens, our children and all families reassured. When our senior citizens have a decent life in their retirement and our children a carefree childhood, all families will lead a happier life and our young and middle-aged people will have greater energy to tap into their entrepreneurship. I do recognize that there are still a great deal of things the government should do in areas related to people’s lives. We will do our level best within the realms of possibility to tackle the key concerns and difficulties that our people face.
彭博新聞社記者：中美建交40年以來，現在兩國關係猜疑和競爭似乎比以往任何時候都嚴重。您如何看待現在的中美關係，您對中美關係未來的走向持何看法？您能否簡單談及目前中美面臨的一些具體的衝突點？比如貿易問題，什麼樣的貿易協議中方可以接受，什麼樣的不能接受？在技術問題上，中國政府是否會迫使中國的有關企業幫助其監視他國？ Bloomberg News: There’s probably not been as much suspicion and competition in the relationship since ties began some 40 years ago. How would you describe the current state of US-China ties? What’s your outlook for the relationship? And also if you could address some specific issues on trade, what kind of deal would China accept, and what kind would China not accept? And on technology, would China force Chinese technology companies to help spy?
李克強：我認為，中美建交40年來，兩國關係可以說是一直向前，取得了豐碩成果。在這個過程中曲折不斷、風雲變幻，但是向前走的大趨勢沒有改變，因為中美兩國之間有著廣泛的共同利益，我們的共同利益是遠大於分歧的。中美之間保持穩定的雙邊關係，不僅有利於雙方，也有利於世界。我認為，在曲折中前行、繼續前行這個大趨勢是不會、也不應該改變的。 Premier Li: I would like to say that China-US relationship has been forging ahead in the past four decades. And a great deal has been accomplished in the growth of this relationship. At the same time, it is true that the relationship has also gone through some twists and turns. But the underlying trend is for the relationship to go forward, and this has not changed. This is because there are broad common interests between China and the US. And the shared interests far outweigh the differences. Steady growth of China-US relationship is in the interest of both countries. It’s also something good for the whole world. So I expect this relationship to continue forging ahead despite twists and turns. And that should be the underlying trend going forward.
當然，中美關係保持總體穩定的同時，一些矛盾糾紛也經常突出地表現出來。一段時間以來，表現比較突出的是中美經貿摩擦。中美雙方磋商一直沒有停。在去年二十國集團領導人峰會期間，兩國元首達成了重要共識，現在雙方的磋商還在繼續進行。我們希望磋商能有成果，能夠實現互利雙贏。我相信，這也是世界的期待。 While maintaining the overall stability of China-US relations, we have also seen problems and difficulties appear from time to time. In the past weeks and months, one prominent difficulty in China-US relationship lies in their economic and trade friction. The two countries have been in consultation the whole time. Last year, during the G20 Summit, the presidents of the two countries reached important common understandings. Consultations between the two sides are still ongoing. We hope that good outcomes will be delivered out of those consultations, outcomes that work for both sides and are a win-win. I believe that such a result is also what the whole world would like to see.
中美作為兩大經濟體，經過幾十年來的發展、合作，可以說已是你中有我、我中有你，想人為地把這兩大經濟體隔開，那是不現實的，也是不可能的。我們還是應該本著合作比對抗好、相互尊重、平等互利這個原則去推動中美關係，包括經貿關係的發展，這樣可以使兩國人民從中受惠。對於矛盾和分歧，我們相信，中美兩國人民是有智慧、有能力來進行化解管控的，推動符合世界潮流的中美關係保持穩定並且向著健康的方向發展。 China and the US, as two large economies, have become closely entwined through years of development and cooperation. It is neither realistic nor possible to decouple these two economies. I believe we need to follow the principles of cooperation instead of confrontation, mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit, to continue to grow China-US relationship, including economic and trade ties, and to deliver concrete benefits to people of both countries. As for the differences and disagreements, we have the confidence that people of the two countries have the wisdom and capability to defuse and manage them properly, and to pursue steady and sound growth of China-US relationship in keeping with the trend of our time.
你問中國政府有沒有要求自己的企業去監視他國，我可以明確地回答你，這樣做不符合中國法律，也不是中國行事的方法，現在沒有，將來也決不會有。 You asked whether the Chinese government will ask Chinese companies to 「spy」 on other countries. Let me tell you explicitly that this is not consistent with Chinese law. This is not how China behaves. China did not and will not do that in the future.
3月15日，十三屆全國人大二次會議在北京人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請會見中外記者，並回答記者提問。 新華社記者 殷博古 攝
新華社記者：2018年是中國改革開放40周年，提出了改革要再出發，現在國內外對中國加快改革有許多新期待。請問今年改革會有什麼具體的行動？在優化營商環境方面會有哪些新舉措？ Xinhua News Agency: The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, putting China’s reform at a new starting point. There have been new hopes, both at home and abroad, for China to accelerate its reform agenda. What concrete actions will be taken to deepen reform this year? What specific measures will be adopted to improve China’s business environment?
李克強：改革開放40年來，中國發展取得了巨大成就，惠及了億萬中國人民。這條路我們會繼續走下去，而且應該越走越深入、越寬廣。也就是說，我們要繼續推進建設社會主義市場經濟，繼續堅持市場化改革的方向。 Premier Li: Through 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has made remarkable achievements, delivering benefits to its entire population. We intend to stay on this path and will pursue our reform at greater depth and breadth. We will continue to develop our socialist market economy, and pursue market-oriented reforms.
政府要堅持推進市場化、法治化的改革，以實際行動、具體舉措讓改革成果不斷顯現。政府的改革應該是更好地讓市場在配置資源中發揮決定性作用，也就是說要圍著市場做文章，不是老給市場下指令、讓市場做什麼，而是要把市場的活力激發出來。這次我在參加「兩會」的時候，不少代表委員都提出希望繼續優化營商環境。給企業好的營商環境、公平的營商環境，市場就會發揮自身的力量。應該說，我們這幾年通過「放管服」改革，營商環境的優化是取得成效的。去年有關國際組織把中國營商環境的排名提升了30多位。但社會上也有呼聲，營商環境改善得還不夠，還有較大差距。我們要傾聽這種呼聲，進一步改善營商環境。營商環境好了，市場的活力和社會的創造力就會更大地釋放出來。 The government will continue to move forward these reforms in accordance with market principles and the law, to ensure that concrete outcomes will be delivered through specific actions. In carrying out reform, the government must create an enabling environment for the market to play its decisive role in allocating resources. The job of the government is not to direct what the market should or should not do, but to do its best to energize all market players. During this year’s 「Two Sessions」, I have heard the hope expressed by many NPC deputies and CPPCC members for a better business environment in China. They told me that if there is a more enabling business environment and a level playing field, the market will be in a stronger position to play its role. Over the years, through the reform of government functions, we have made substantial progress in improving our business environment. This has also been evidenced by the fact that China’s global ranking in terms of ease of doing business run by an important international organization moved up by over 30 spots last year. There has been improvement, but we are still falling short in some respects. We must listen closely to the views expressed by market players and do our level best to foster a better business environment to unlock market vitality and creativity of the people.
改善營商環境，還是要放管結合、放管並重。放就是要平等地放，不能搞三六九等。我們減少審批程序、辦證辦照時間，應該說對各類所有制企業，原則是一視同仁的。現在開辦企業拿營業執照的時間，經過幾年努力，已經從22天降到了8.5天，今年要力爭降到5天，有的地方可以降到3天，目前有的發達國家才1天。我到基層去調研，有不少企業反映，拿到營業執照以後還需要很多證，這是所謂「準入不準營」。我們要採取措施，除了涉及公共安全、特種行業之外，都應該拿到營業執照以後就可以正常經營。政府的監管部門可以加強事中事後監管，在這個過程中，對企業的行為進行甄別辨別，需要發證的發證，不符合資質條件的，該逐出市場就逐出市場。 When improving the business environment, efforts will be made in both deregulation and oversight. By deregulation, we will ensure that companies of all types of ownership will stand to benefit as equals from our measures of administrative streamlining, including cutting the time required for companies to get business license or other required licenses and permits. There should be no discriminatory practices. For example, through years of efforts, we have cut the time required to get a business license from 22 days to 8.5 days. This year, our goal is to further cut it to five days, and in some places with better conditions, maybe three days. It only takes one day to get a business license in some developed countries. When I visited some local areas, I heard complaints from business owners, telling me that even with a business license, they still face a myriad of requirements for other types of permits, that is, their companies can be up but not actually running. We plan to ensure that except for those areas involving public safety and security and other special sectors, a business license should be enough for a company to be up and running. For government departments, their job should be focused on enhancing compliance oversight, to see what permits are required, and ban non-compliant and disqualified companies from the market.
寬進就要嚴管。公平的準入，公正的監管，這是鳥之兩翼，不可偏廢。如果我們監管不到位，那些坑蒙拐騙、侵犯智慧財產權、假冒偽劣、惡意拖欠款項的行為就有可能肆意妄為。這次「兩會」上我聽到一些政協委員反映，他們遇到的是打官司難、討債難，政府的監管不到位。監管要把規則公開透明，讓被監管者知道自己該做什麼、不該做什麼。監管不能搞選擇性監管、任性監管。要形成一种放和管結合的有效的制度性安排。 With lower market thresholds, there must be tightened oversight. There should be fair access to market and impartial regulation. With laxity in regulation on the part of government, malpractices such as cheating and manipulation, infringements of intellectual property, making and selling of fake or substandard goods, or payment arrears, may be left unchecked. I have heard complaints from CPPCC members during this year’s 「Two Sessions」 about difficulties in seeking legal redress and getting debts repaid due to inadequate oversight. We must make the rules open and transparent, so that market players are fully aware of the dos and don’ts. We must not exercise selective or arbitrary regulation. We must put in place effective institutional arrangements for both deregulation and oversight.
我可以這麼說，減稅降費和簡政、公平監管，這是我們應對經濟下行壓力、激發市場活力的兩個重要的關鍵舉措，目的是要讓中國經濟行穩致遠，而且活力四射。 It can be said that the tax and fee cuts, together with administrative streamlining and impartial regulation, are two very important parts of our measures to counter the downward economic pressure and boost market vitality. The purpose is to ensure steady and sustained growth of the Chinese economy, and make it full of vigor and vitality.
東森新聞雲記者：今年年初習近平總書記在《告臺灣同胞書》發表40周年紀念會上的重要講話，在兩岸引起廣泛關注。外界很關注，大陸今年會在促進兩岸共同發展和兩岸民眾福祉等方面具體如何貫徹和落實？ ETV Today of Taiwan: Early this year, President Xi Jinping gave an important speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan and that important speech received close attention from people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. My question is: how will the mainland implement the policies and propositions set out in that important speech, in particular, to promote the common development of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and improve the well-being of people on both sides?
李克強：今年年初，習近平總書記在《告臺灣同胞書》發表40周年紀念會上的重要講話，闡述了我們關於臺灣問題的大政方針、原則立場。我們將繼續堅持一個中國原則和「九二共識」，反對「臺獨」，促進兩岸關係和平穩定發展，促進祖國和平統一。 Premier Li: Indeed, early this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave an important speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan. In the important speech, he articulated our principles and policies on the Taiwan question. We will continue to adhere to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and oppose Taiwan independence. We will continue to work to promote peaceful growth of cross-Strait relations and the peaceful reunification of our motherland.
兩岸同胞同根相系，我們願意出臺更多的優惠政策，讓臺灣同胞在大陸不論是投資興業、就業就學，還是生活居住，都能夠享受到和大陸同胞同等待遇。我們已經出臺了促進兩岸經濟文化交流合作的「31條舉措」，現在的問題是要把這「31條舉措」扎紮實實地落到位，而且在這個過程中還應當有新的舉措。兩岸同胞共享發展機遇、走得越近越親，兩岸關係的發展就會越好越實。我們都希望能夠共圓中華民族偉大復興的夢想。 People on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are bound by kinship. We intend to introduce more preferential policies toward our compatriots in Taiwan to ensure that they will enjoy the same treatment as mainlanders when they come to work, study, live and do business on the mainland. Previously, we introduced 31 measures for promoting cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges. These measures must be fully delivered. In this process, new measures should be introduced as well. When people on both sides of the Strait enjoy the same development opportunities and come closer to each other, the cross-Strait relationship will grow stronger and make more solid progress. We need to work hand in hand to realize our shared dream of national renewal.
《人民日報》記者：去年以來，一些企業存在裁員的情況，有的內外資企業開始向境外轉移。同時也有一些企業反映，他們想招一些合適的技術工人卻很難。政府將採取哪些政策措施來推動這些問題的解決？ People’s Daily: Last year, some companies have started to trim staff. Some Chinese and foreign-invested firms have started to relocate their businesses overseas. We have also heard complaints by companies about a shortage of skilled workers. My question is: what measures will the government adopt to resolve these problems?
李克強：在中國現代化進程中，就業會始終是一個巨大的壓力。我們每年城鎮需就業的新增勞動力1500多萬，未來幾年不會減，而且還要給幾百萬新進城農民工提供打工的機會。今年我們確定要確保新增城鎮就業人數在1100萬人以上，並要力爭實現去年的實際規模，也就是1300萬人以上的就業。所以，我們把就業優先的政策首次和財政政策、貨幣政策並列為宏觀政策。財政和貨幣政策不管是減稅、還是降低實際利率水平等，在很大程度上都是圍繞著就業來進行的。有了就業，才會有收入，才會有社會財富的創造。 Premier Li: Indeed, in China’s modernization process, there will always be tremendous employment pressure. In recent years, on average, some 15 million new entrants entered the labor force each year, and that number will not decrease in the foreseeable future. In addition, we also need to provide job opportunities for several million rural migrant workers every year. This year we plan to create another 11 million or more new urban jobs. And in actual practice, our goal is to generate the same amount of job opportunities as we did last year, that is, over 13 million. You may have also noticed, this year for the first time, we are elevating the status of jobs-first policy to a macro policy together with our fiscal policy and monetary policy. The tax cuts under the fiscal policy as well as cutting real interest rates under the monetary policy are all designed to ensure employment in our country. When there is a job, there is income and there is increase in social wealth.
我們說保持經濟運行在合理區間，首先是要保就業，不讓經濟滑出合理區間，就是不能出現「失業潮」。我們要多措並舉，對一些重點人群要繼續努力保障他們就業，像大學畢業生、復轉軍人、轉崗職工等。今年的高校畢業生又達834萬，比去年還多，創歷史新高。我們還要確保不出現零就業家庭，對那些吸納勞動力比較多的企業要給政策優惠支持。我們還要推動創新創業創造，用好大眾創業、萬眾創新平臺，提供更多的就業崗位。就業好不好，這本身也是經濟好不好的一個重要體現。 Keeping our major economic indicators within a proper range is first and foremost about ensuring employment and preventing a surge in unemployment. To do that, we will apply a combination of measures including promoting employment for key groups of people like college graduates, demobilized military personnel and laid-off workers. This year, the number of college graduates will reach another new high—8.34 million. We also need to make sure there will be no zero employment families. For those companies that hire more, the government will provide more policy support. In the meantime, we will expand the platforms to encourage business start-ups and innovation as a way to generate more jobs. The state of employment very much reflects how our economy is faring.
政府工作報告主要講了保障城鎮新增就業，這裡我想特別強調一下農民工就業。中國現在有2.8億多農民工，而且每年是以百萬計的數量在增長。他們是許多產業行業的主力軍，農民的收入大部分來自於打工收入。農民工的身後可以說有無數家庭的期待。講到這裡，我就想起幾年前到我國東北一個中型城市的建設樞紐工地上去考察，有一個印象至今揮之不去。在寒冷的天氣裡農民工在施工，其中有一位農民工跟我歲數差不多大，我和他對話，他就希望一條：多加班，多掙錢。我說為什麼？他說他的一個孩子考上了重點大學，他要掙錢使孩子安心學習，並且學習好。我從他的眼神裡看到他對下一代、對未來的期待。 The government work report touched mainly upon creating new urban jobs. Here I would like to make a special mention of our rural migrant workers which are now numbered at above 280 million. And that figure is still increasing by several million each year. These rural migrant workers are a leading force in many industries and sectors of our country. Much of their earnings come from non-farming jobs, and they carry the hopes of a lot of families. One thing I can never forget is that several years ago, I was visiting the construction site of a local transportation project in a mid-sized northeastern city, where I met some rural migrant workers. It was a cold winter day, and I talked to one of the workers who was about my age on the construction site. He said to me that he wanted to work longer hours so that he could earn more money. I asked him why. He said that his child was just enrolled into a leading university and he wanted to earn more so that his child won’t have to worry about the college tuition fees and can focus on his studies. In his eyes I saw his hopes for a better future for his children.
我們中華民族幾千年生生不息，這40年來有如此巨大變化，教育的確起了巨大支撐作用。所以我們要善待農民工，不僅要給他們提供打工的機會，而且要保障他們應有的所得。現在不時發生農民工被欠薪的問題，我們要立法規，堅決打擊那些惡意欠薪的行為，確保農民工打工有機會，而且合法權益得到保障，要看到他們是無數家庭的希望。 Indeed, education has been an important underpinning force that keeps the Chinese nation going for several thousand years. That has made it possible for us to come this far in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. These rural migrant workers must be treated with kindness. And we must ensure that they will not only find jobs but also get paid for their work. There have been instances where their wages cannot be paid in full and on time. The government will formulate regulations to crack down on such malpractices to ensure that the lawful rights and interests of all rural migrant workers will be fully protected. The government must not fail the hope of all their families.
埃菲社記者：中美之間的貿易摩擦對中歐關係發展是機遇還是會帶來負面影響？如何看待今年的中歐關係？ Spanish News Agency EFE: The trade war with the United States, in case that continues, could represent an opportunity to improve the relationship between Europe and China, or will only have negative effects. And in any case, what do you expect of the relationship between Europe and China this year?
李克強：中美貿易摩擦是中美雙邊的事情，我們不會利用第三方，更不會去損害第三方。中國和歐盟，一個是世界上最大的發展中國家，一個是世界上最大的發達國家聯盟。可以說，中歐都是世界多極化的重要一極，中歐關係的發展不僅有利於中歐，也有利於世界。 Premier Li: The China-US trade friction is an issue between China and the United States. We will not exploit any third party. We will not target or hurt the interest of any third party. For China and the EU, China is the largest developing country in the world, the EU the largest union of developed countries in the world. And both are important poles in the multi-polar world. A growing China-EU relationship serves the interests of both China and the EU and the world at large.
當然，中歐互為最大的貿易夥伴，我們之間有合作，也有摩擦，過去和現在都存在。但是，我們長期以來積累了化解分歧、摩擦的經驗，這些經驗我認為還應該繼續沿用，其中很重要的就是中歐之間應該增強互信。現在，我們正在推進中歐投資談判，實際上是想讓雙向投資更加開放，這樣做讓雙方都受益，當然是要公平地受益。我覺得雙方都應該以開放的心態看待對方，在合作中妥善化解分歧，讓中歐關係穩步前行。下個月，我要去歐盟總部和歐盟領導人共同舉行新一輪中歐領導人會晤。我希望通過本次會晤，雙方都從戰略的、長遠的高度看待中歐關係，都用相互尊重、相互理解、推動合作的心態去促進中歐關係健康穩定發展。 China and the EU are each other’s biggest trading partner. There has been cooperation as well as frictions in our relationship. Over the years, we have gained good experience in managing our differences and frictions and I believe such experience should continue to be applied. One very important experience is to deepen our mutual trust. The two sides are now advancing negotiations on an investment agreement. The purpose is to further facilitate the two-way flow of our investment to see that the two sides will benefit on an equal footing from this agreement. I believe that we need to view each other’s development with an open mind and continue to properly handle our differences in the course of pursuing cooperation for continued, steady growth of our relationship. Next month, I am going to visit the EU Headquarters and host the next round of China-EU Summit with the EU leaders. I hope that both sides will view this relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective, and continue to show mutual respect, deepen our mutual understanding and advance cooperation in joint pursuit of sustained, healthy growth of our ties.
中央廣播電視總臺央視記者：老百姓看病難看病貴、享受不到優質醫療資源的問題比較突出，尤其是那些得了大病的患者，給他們的家庭帶去很沉重的負擔。在解決這些問題上，政府還有哪些有效舉措？ China Central Television: It seems that quality medical resources are still somewhat inaccessible and quite expensive. In particular, a serious illness could cause heavy burdens on the families concerned. I would like to ask: what specific measures will the government take to tackle this problem?
李克強：看病確實是重要的民生問題，尤其大病是民生的痛點。看病貴看病難的問題，在我們國家的確存在。這幾年來，我們經過努力，不僅建立了向全民提供基本醫療保障的制度，而且在此基礎上，由政府和居民共擔，購買大病保險，建立了大病保險的機制，這是可以緩解大病患者特別是困難群眾負擔的一個重要舉措，在世界上也應該是一個創舉。 Premier Li: Accessing quality medical resources is indeed a key issue related to people’s lives. And getting treatment for serious illnesses is truly an acute concern of our people. There does exist the problem of inaccessible and quite expensive medical care in our country. I would like to say that over the years we have been able to provide basic medical care services to cover the entire population. In addition, we have established the scheme for serious illness insurance with a cost-sharing formula between the government and individuals, an important measure to mitigate the burdens on patients with serious illnesses, especially needy patients. This is a quite creative step the Chinese government has taken.
去年我們就聽到許多關於抗癌藥貴的呼聲，我們通過減稅等多種辦法，讓17種抗癌藥降價50%以上，而且納入醫保，這讓癌症患者特別是困難群眾大大減輕了負擔。這方面的事情，我們能做的都應該去做。 There have been complaints about the high costs of cancer drugs, so last year, through various means including tax cuts, we managed to cut the prices of 17 cancer drugs by over 50 percent and included them into medical insurance schemes. This has significantly eased the financial burdens on cancer patients and poor families. This shows that the government must do its level best in resolving people’s concerns.
今年我們還要做兩件這方面的事，並且要盡力。一是把高血壓、糖尿病等慢性病患者的門診用藥納入醫保，給予50%的報銷，這將惠及我國4億高血壓、糖尿病患者。我到基層去調研，有一些人告訴我，他們得了這類慢性病，每天都不能斷藥，負擔很重，有的把養老金相當一部分用來買藥，我們要努力解決這方面的問題。二是要降低大病保險的起付線，提升大病保險的報銷比例。現在近14億人都進入大病保險了，要讓更多的人、上千萬的人能夠直接受益，因為我們這個大病保險是有倍數效應的。要看到，我們的醫保雖然覆蓋全民，但是水平不高，尤其是農民人均年收入不到1.5萬元，遇到大病靠自己扛是很難的。所以政府和社會要共同出力，緩解這個民生之痛。沒有健康就沒有幸福。 This year the government plans to do its utmost in taking two major steps. First, we will make the outpatient drugs for chronic diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes reimbursable, and set the reimbursement rate at 50 percent. This measure will benefit some 400 million Chinese suffering from these chronic diseases. And when I talked to some of those patients, they told me that they have to take drugs every day and a lot of their pension benefits have to be spent on these drugs. This is a problem we need to address. Second, when it comes to serious illness insurance scheme, which already covers nearly 1.4 billion people, we will lower the payout threshold and raise the reimbursement rate so that this scheme can truly produce amplifying effects to benefit as many people as possible. Although we have established a medical care safety net that covers a large population, the level of actual benefits is still not high. For example, for Chinese farmers, their average per capita annual income is less than 15,000 yuan, so it would be very hard for one to just rely on himself or herself to cover expenses for the treatment of serious illnesses. The government and private entities must work together in this respect to meet people’s health needs. Without health, there would be no happy life for our people.
新加坡亞洲新聞臺記者：今天外商投資法已經全國人大表決通過，有的輿論表示擔心或質疑，認為這部法律的特別加速通過，大部分只是對美國壓力的回應，而且部分法律條款的模糊性也給了中國政府靈活掌握的空間，降低了投資者對實際效力的期望。您對此有何回應？中國政府將推出哪些具體、可落實的政策呢？ Channel NewsAsia of Singapore: The Foreign Investment Law has just been adopted at the NPC Session today. Yet there is also worry that the exceptional swift adoption of this piece of legislation is only in large measure a response to pressure from the United States. And the ambiguity of some legal provisions will only provide the Chinese government further wiggle room for self-discretion and lower investors』 expectations of the actual effects of enforcement. How would you respond to this? What specific measures will the government take to ensure full enforcement of the law?
李克強：對外開放是中國的基本國策，讓中國人民普遍受惠，也有利於世界，我們何樂而不為？開放的措施說出去了，當然要兌現。去年，我們一些重大基礎產業放開外資投入的股比，有很多重大項目落地了。我們去年利用外資，仍然是世界上發展中國家中最多的。中國會繼續聽取各方面的意見，繼續保持對外開放熱土的溫度。 Premier Li: Opening-up is China’s fundamental state policy. It has delivered real benefits to the Chinese people and has benefited the world. So why won’t we go ahead with it? If we make a promise on opening-up, we will certainly deliver on it. For instance, last year, we lifted foreign ownership restrictions in some key basic industries. And we have seen the delivery of a big number of major projects in these respects. Last year, China remained the largest recipient of FDI among all developing countries. Going ahead, we will continue to carefully listen to the views from various parties and keep making China more open.
剛剛閉幕的十三屆全國人大二次會議通過了外商投資法，這個法是要用法律的手段更好地保護外商投資、吸引外商投資。這個法律也可以說是規範政府行為的，要求政府依法行政，而且政府要根據這個法律的精神出臺一系列法規、文件，保護外商權益，比如外商投資企業投訴工作機制等。這是我們下一步要做的很重要的事情，將會推出一系列有關法規和文件，讓外商投資法順利實施。 The just concluded NPC Session adopted the Foreign Investment Law. This piece of legislation is designed to better protect and attract foreign investment through legislative means. This law will also regulate government behaviors, requiring the government to perform its functions in accordance with the law. The government will introduce a series of matching regulations and directives to protect the rights and interests of foreign investors, such as on working mechanisms for handling complaints filed by foreign-invested enterprises. These will be the important things for the government to do in the following weeks and months to see that this law will be truly operable.
我們要實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單制度，而且要推出新的負面清單。這個新推出的負面清單會做減法，以後還要逐步做減法，也就是說「非禁即入」的範圍會越來越大。還要加強對智慧財產權的保護，將修改智慧財產權法，對侵權行為引入懲罰性的賠償機制，發現一起就要處理一起，要讓侵犯智慧財產權的行為無處可遁。當然，我們也希望外國政府公正地看待中國企業和國外企業雙方自願的合作。總之，今年對外開放的舉措我們會不斷地推、繼續地推。我多次講過，中國的開放舉措，往往不是一攬子推出來的，每年甚至每個季度都在出，但回過頭來看，積累起來就會帶來想像不到的巨大變化。 We will continue to implement a management system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list. We will release a newly revised negative list which will become shorter. And going forward, we will further shorten our negative list, which means that more areas will be opened up for foreign investment. We will also enhance the protection of intellectual property. In this respect, we will make revisions to the laws on IPR protection and introduce a mechanism of punitive compensation to ensure that all infringements of intellectual property will be seriously dealt with and have nowhere to hide. We also hope that foreign governments can view in an objective light the cooperation between Chinese companies and their foreign partners based on mutual agreement. In a word, China will further open up, and China’s opening-up measures will not come on a one-off basis, but will be introduced quarter after quarter and year after year. In hindsight, when we review the course of China’s opening-up, we would realize how tremendous a change that has taken place in this country.
《光明日報》記者：去年以來，央行幾次降準，降低了金融機構的成本，但是企業依然反映融資難融資貴，政策實惠看得見摸不著。在促進金融服務實體經濟方面，政府將採取哪些舉措？ Guangming Daily: Last year, the Central Bank cut required reserve ratio several times, lowering the costs of financial institutions. However, companies still feel there is difficulty in accessing affordable financing. And they have yet to feel the actual results of those policy adjustments. What measures will be adopted this year to ensure there will be better financial services for the real economy?
李克強：服務實體經濟，這是金融的天職，但是我們確實面臨著實體經濟，特別是民營經濟、小微企業融資難融資貴的問題。去年我們採取了一系列措施，努力遏制了融資成本上升的勢頭。我們四次降準，其目的還是通過降低金融機構本身的成本，促進這些資金流向民營經濟和小微企業。今年我們要抓住融資難融資貴這個制約經濟發展、市場活力的「卡脖子」問題，多策並舉、多管齊下，讓小微企業融資成本在去年的基礎上再降低1個百分點。 Premier Li: Serving the real economy is the bounden duty of the financial sector. However, there does exist the problem of inaccessible and expensive financing for the real economy, in particular, private businesses and small and micro companies. Last year, we took a number of steps to curb the fast rise in the financing cost faced by our companies. The Central Bank cut required reserve ratio four times to reduce costs for financial institutions, so that more money will flow to our private companies, and small and micro companies. This year, we will take a multi-pronged approach in this respect to significantly ameliorate this problem that is seriously constraining our economic development and the vitality of our market. Our goal is to further cut the financing cost for small and micro companies by another one percentage point this year.
我們對外開放是自主的抉擇，而且我們要按照競爭中性的原則，對所有外資企業一視同仁地對待，同樣，對中國國內各類所有制企業都應該一視同仁。現在在貸款問題上，的確需要清除一些障礙，引導金融機構改善內部管理機制，多跑民營企業、小微企業，為他們降低融資成本、減少不合理的費用出力。小微活，經濟才活，就業才多。 As China takes its own initiative to further open up, we will adhere to the principle of competitive neutrality and treat both domestic and foreign-invested enterprises as equals. Likewise, we also need to treat all businesses under various types of ownership as equals. As far as lending is concerned, there do exist some problems and obstacles. We need to encourage financial institutions to enhance their internal management system and provide more services to private companies, and to small and micro firms, to lessen their financing cost and rein in arbitrary charges. When small and micro companies are vibrant, our economy will be full of life and energy. And there will be a stable employment situation.
當然，我們也時刻注意防範金融風險。對於那些不具備生存條件的「殭屍企業」，不會給他們新的貸款，對違法違規的所謂金融行為，該制止的制止，該打擊的打擊。我們完全可以守住不發生系統性金融風險的底線。加強金融服務和防範金融風險是相輔相成的。 In the meantime, we also need to forestall financial risks. No new loans will be made to zombie companies which are no longer solvent. And so-called financial activities that are illegal and non-compliant must be stopped and seriously dealt with. We are fully capable of forestalling systemic financial risks. Strengthening financial services and preventing financial risks are mutually reinforcing.
3月15日，十三屆全國人大二次會議在北京人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請會見中外記者，並回答記者提問。 新華社記者 申宏 攝
俄通社－塔斯社記者：今年是中俄建交70周年，在兩國關係發展史上具有裡程碑意義。去年中俄雙邊貿易額歷史上首次突破1000億美元，今年中俄關係和經貿合作會有哪些新的突破？ TASS: This year marks the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Russia and China, a milestone in the history of relations between our two countries. Last year, for the first time, two-way trade exceeded US$100 billion. What new breakthroughs do you foresee for the growth of Russia-China relations, and in particular, their economic and trade cooperation this year?
李克強：中俄互為最大鄰邦，中俄保持良好穩定的關係不僅有利於雙方，也有利於地區、有利於世界。 Premier Li: China and Russia are each other’s biggest neighbors. A sound and stable China-Russia relationship serves the interests of the two countries, the region and the world.
今年是中俄建交70周年。70年來，中俄關係走過了不平凡的路，現在可以說是高水平的。我們的政治互信不斷增強，人文交流也在不斷深化，特別是剛才你提到，去年在世界貿易下行的情況下，中俄之間貿易額突破了1000億美元的規模，這可以說是一個新的標誌。這本身表明，我們之間的合作有很大潛力。下一步，我們還可以拓展領域。我們既可以「抓大」，也可以「推小」，抓大項目、大宗商品貿易，推小微企業，包括跨境電商的合作。既可以「上天」，在航天航空領域合作，也可以「下地」，推地方民間的交流。就是要把能用的十八般武藝都用起來，鞏固中俄經貿規模突破1000億美元的成果，而且向翻番的目標邁進。 This year is the 70th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two countries. In the past seven decades, our relationship has traveled an extraordinary journey. And today it has reached a very high level featuring deepening mutual political trust and growing people-to-people exchange. As you mentioned, in spite of the downturn in global trade growth last year, trade between our two countries exceeded, for the first time, US$100 billion. That shows there is still much untapped potential in our business ties. And we need to work together to further expand areas of cooperation. For example, we may continue to focus on our big project cooperation and trade in commodities. We may also strengthen our cooperation between micro and small firms and cross-border e-commerce platforms. We may enhance collaboration in aviation and aerospace, and also enhance exchanges at the sub-national level and between our peoples. In a word, we need to make use of all possible means at our disposal to, first, keep our 100-billion-dollar trade stable, and then, work further toward the goal of doubling it.
澎湃新聞記者：您一直在強調要大力發展「網際網路+」，發展共享經濟，但是去年發生了一連串的負面事件。您對此怎麼看？下一步政府對規範發展共享經濟有什麼新的舉措？ The Paper: You have been calling for the growth of Internet Plus and sharing economy. However, we also saw serious problems last year in these areas. What’s your comment? What measures should be adopted to better regulate the growth of sharing economy?
李克強：「網際網路+」、共享經濟，也可以說是平臺經濟。它們作為新事物，和任何新事物一樣，在發展中總會有利有弊。但是總的看，它們帶動了就業，方便了群眾，而且推動了相關產業的發展。像電商、快遞、行動支付等，大家都有感受，眾人做事，集眾智、聚眾力，眾人共享。 Premier Li: Internet Plus and sharing economy can also be viewed as a platform economy. Like other new things, they also have upsides and downsides. They have added new jobs, and made life easier and more convenient for our people. They have also driven China’s industrial development. For example, the growth of e-commerce, express delivery services and mobile payment have made life more convenient for our people. When wisdom and strength are pooled, all stand to benefit.
對於這些新業態、新模式，不能簡單任性，要麼不管，要麼管死。所以我們這幾年一直採用的是包容審慎的原則。包容就是對新的事物，我們已知遠遠小於未知，要允許它們發展，對發展中出現的問題加以糾正。 For these new forms of business and new business models, we must not exercise arbitrary regulation or oversight, that is, either letting them be or shutting them down as soon as problems appear. Our choice over the years is to exercise accommodative and prudential regulation. By accommodative, we need to recognize that what is known about new things is always much less than what is unknown about them. So they should be allowed a good chance to grow. And the government needs to detect and redress any possible problem that comes along the way.
所謂審慎監管，就是要劃出安全的底線，不允許打著「網際網路+」、共享經濟的招牌搞招搖撞騙。要給創業者提供一個能夠成長的空間，給企業一個發展新動能的環境。在這個過程中，我們需要的是公平的準入、公正的監管。新事物在市場力量推動過程中，發展要靠市場，也要在市場競爭中優勝劣汰，政府也要進行公平公正監管。愉快和煩惱總是在成長當中相伴隨，我們要做的就是引導他們健康成長。 By prudential regulation, the government needs to draw a clear line at public safety and security. And no one should be allowed to use Internet Plus or sharing economy as an excuse or means for cheating and manipulation. In this way, our purpose is to foster a more enabling environment for all entrepreneurs and provide our companies good opportunities in developing new drivers of growth. In a word, there should be equal access to the market and impartial regulation on the part of the government. In market competition, the fittest will survive. And with impartial regulation, good rules will be enforced. There will always be both happiness and pain in the growth of new forms of business. The job of the government is to provide them with proper guidance.
其實，網際網路經濟、共享經濟、平臺經濟還有很大發展空間。電商、快遞對工業品下鄉、農產品進城，可以進一步起到搞活流通的作用。在工業領域，推動工業網際網路，可以把那些閒置的資源帶動起來，而且促進技術創新。在社會領域，用武之地就更大了，像「網際網路+醫療健康」、「+養老助幼」、「+教育」，可以聯動許多方面，尤其是讓偏遠地區、農村的群眾、家庭、孩子通過網際網路能夠享受優質的學校、醫院，優秀的教師、醫生資源，幫助他們解決實際問題。這方面的例子就很多了，我看過不少「網際網路+醫療診斷」、「+教育」的實例，這本身就是在釋放著市場的活力和社會的創造力。 Internet Plus and sharing and platform economies still have broad space for further growth. For example, e-commerce and express delivery services have made it possible for industrial goods to reach rural areas, and for quality agricultural produce to be delivered to urban households. In the industrial sector, we may advance the Industrial Internet to put idle production equipment to better and more efficient use and encourage technological innovation. In the social sphere, Internet Plus has also made a difference. For example, it has enabled the sharing and connectivity of different medical, health care resources, educational resources and other services so that even children, aged people and others living in remote rural areas can have access to better hospitals, schools, doctors, teachers and other quality resources. There are many such concrete examples. Such a development has further energized our markets and unleashed public creativity.
香港鳳凰衛視記者：外商投資法當中並沒有涉及到港澳臺的投資，我想這會讓港澳臺各界有些不太理解，您剛剛關於對外開放的表述，其中也沒有談到港澳臺，這會不會表明中央政府對待港澳臺的投資政策會有一些調整呢？ Phoenix TV: The Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is not addressed in the Foreign Investment Law. This may be confusing for people from these three regions. And in your comments about China’s opening-up, you did not mention what measures would be adopted toward Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Does that mean that there will be certain adjustment to the policies of the central government regarding investment from these three regions?
李克強：香港和澳門是中華人民共和國的特別行政區，海峽兩岸同屬一個中國。我們歷來高度重視港澳臺的投資，港澳到內地的投資佔我們利用境外投資的70%，能不重視嗎？我們會進一步發揮港澳作為單獨關稅區和自由港的作用。我剛才對臺灣記者也說了，我們會為臺胞來大陸投資興業創造優惠的條件。 Premier Li: Hong Kong and Macao are special administrative regions of the People’s Republic of China, and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one and the same China. We have all along attached great importance to investment from these three regions. Investment from Hong Kong and Macao accounts for 70 percent of all overseas investment on the mainland. So how can we not set store by investment from these two regions? We will further harness the advantages of Hong Kong and Macao as separate customs territories and free ports. When I was addressing the question from the Taiwan journalist, I also said that we are going to create more favorable conditions for business people from Taiwan to invest on the mainland.
我這裡要明確，港澳臺投資是可以參照、或者比照適用剛剛通過的外商投資法，而且我們長期以來行之有效的一些制度安排和實際做法還要繼續沿用，不僅不會影響而且會有利於吸引港澳臺的投資。國務院在制定有關法規或者有關政策性文件的過程中，會認真聽取港澳臺同胞的意見，切實保護好他們的合法權益，也歡迎有更多的港澳臺投資。 The Foreign Investment Law can be used as a reference for investment from these three regions. Moreover, the institutional arrangements and actual practices that have long been in place and proven effective for them will go on unaffected. We hope that these efforts will help to attract even more investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The State Council will formulate related regulations or policy documents. In this process, we will listen carefully to the views of fellow Chinese from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to see their lawful rights and interests duly protected. Investment from these three regions is most welcome.
《中國日報》記者：從去年開始，國內消費增速出現了持續下滑的態勢，但同時我們也看到，有上億的中國人走出國門到海外去消費。政府將出臺什麼措施來進一步提振國內消費？ China Daily: Last year, the growth of China’s domestic consumption trended downward. However, at the same time, hundreds of millions of Chinese chose to travel overseas for shopping. My question is: what measures will the government take to boost domestic consumption?
李克強：的確，一段時間以來，我國的消費出現了增速放緩的趨勢。消費和民生可以說是一個硬幣的兩面，我們需要合理的投資規模和消費增長。當然消費需要有收入支撐，但同時也要看到，我們的消費當中確實還存在著不少堵點和障礙，應該去解決。這樣有利於消費，也有利於改善民生。 Premier Li: It is true that the growth of China’s domestic consumption has been declining for some time. Consumption and people’s well-being are like the two sides of the same coin. There needs to be a reasonable size of investment and increase in consumption. Although consumption is in a certain sense driven by increase in income, we should also recognize there are still obstacles that constrain the growth of domestic consumption. We must resolve these problems, as this will help boost consumption and improve people’s lives.
比如，這幾年公路運輸和出行不斷增加，政府工作報告提出，兩年內要基本取消省界高速公路收費站，大家都很贊成。這樣做有利於解決擁堵問題，也有利於相關產業發展。這個目標我們要確保完成，同時我們要求有關部門力爭提前實現。 We have seen an increase in travel by roads in recent years. In this year’s government work report, we set the goal that within two years, we will eliminate almost all expressway tollbooths at provincial borders. And that has proven to be a very popular policy initiative. It will not just ease traffic congestion, but also help with the growth of related industries and sectors. This goal must be achieved, and we have instructed the relevant departments to make their best efforts to achieve it ahead of schedule.
又比如，網絡的提速降費，這幾年我們連續在推進，這有利於消費者，也有利於產業的發展。今年要在過去的基礎上行動網路流量資費再降低20%。我讓有關方面測算，他們預計要讓利1800億元給消費者。我還要求他們必須做到可以「攜號轉網」，這樣可以倒逼清理那些不明不白的套餐，讓我們的企業改善服務，也促進產業本身提質升級。 In recent years, we have also worked to raise the speed and cut the rates of Internet services. That has benefited our consumers and boosted the growth of related industries. This year, the goal is to cut the rates for mobile internet services by another 20 percent, and that will involve some RMB180 billion yuan. At the same time, we require that it should be made possible for cellphone users to switch their telecommunications service carriers without changing their phone numbers. This will force the carriers to overhaul hidden charges and further improve their services. It will also help to upgrade the whole industry.
再比如，我們今年要再降低一般工商業電價10%，這不僅讓工業企業受惠，商業企業也同樣受益。現在電商有上千萬家，6億多消費用戶，電商是24小時營業的，我去看過，他們說計算機耗電的費用壓力不小，降低電價就可以讓利給消費者，也可以促進產業發展，這是一舉多得的事情。其實，消費當中還有很多制度性的堵點應當消除，或者說減少，這可以激發消費的潛力、市場的活力、社會的創造力。我們有關方面要眼中有活，做明白人、辦貼心事。 We also plan to cut the prices of electricity for general industrial and commercial companies by an additional 10 percent this year. When it comes to e-commerce, there are up to 10 million online shops in China with over 600 million consumers, and e-commerce platforms run 24/7, and these computers consume a lot of electricity. So when electricity price is cut for these companies, it will also make it possible for our consumers to benefit more and transform and upgrade the related industries. It is thus an initiative with multiple benefits. We must endeavor to ease and even eliminate all these institutional barriers that constrain consumption. This will stimulate consumption, energize market players, and unlock public creativity. All government departments must be fully aware of the concerns of the people and do their best to meet our people’s expectations.
日本經濟新聞社記者：中國是今年中日韓領導人會議主席國，您認為本次會議將重點討論哪些問題？在當前世界範圍內貿易保護主義抬頭的背景下，我覺得中日韓自貿區（FTA）也將成為今年會議主題。您認為中日韓FTA什麼時候能夠籤署？另外，對中方而言區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定（RCEP）和中日韓FTA哪一個是優先考慮的選項？ Nikkei: China is the chair of the China-Japan-ROK summit mechanism this year. And Mr. Premier, what do you think will be the focus of the discussions at the summit? In the backdrop of growing trade protectionism in the international environment, my feeling is that the trilateral FTA may become a focus of discussion this year. When can this FTA be signed? And for China, between the RCEP and the China-Japan-ROK FTA, which is a higher priority?
李克強：今年是中日韓領導人會議機製成立20周年，中方擔任主席國，我們會和日方、韓方共同商討會議的議題。我認為，議題中應當包括推動中日韓自貿區建設，特別是在當前世界貿易保護主義抬頭的大背景下，推動中日韓自貿區建設，達成一個全面、高水平、互惠的協定，對三方都有好處。雖然現在日本和韓國都對中國有比較大的貿易順差，但是我們還是願意進行平等的競爭，讓消費者有更多選擇。我相信，在這個過程中會實現優勢互補，各方得益。至於說中日韓自貿區和RCEP哪一個先達成，我想那要看我們各方所做的努力了。不管是哪一個協議能夠先達成，中方都樂見其成。 Premier Li: This year marks the 20th anniversary of the framework of leaders』 meeting among China, Japan and the ROK, and China will be the chair this year. We will discuss with Japan and the ROK and work out the agenda of this year’s summit. I think that the FTA development among the three countries should be put on the agenda of the leaders』 meeting. In particular, given the larger international environment of growing trade protectionism, the development of an FTA among these three countries with a comprehensive, high standard and mutually beneficial agreement is in the interest of all three countries. Although Japan and the ROK run pretty large surpluses in their trade with China, China is still prepared to compete with them on a level playing field so that consumers of the three countries will have more options. In this process, I believe it is important for us to draw on each other’s comparative strengths so that we can all stand to benefit. As to which one will be concluded first, the China-Japan-ROK FTA or RCEP, I think that depends on efforts made by the parties concerned. And whichever will be concluded first, China would welcome that.
我還想再說一下，中國不僅重視和東北亞國家的關係，比如剛才我回答了韓國記者的提問，表示中國作為負責任大國，會繼續在推進朝鮮半島無核化進程中發揮建設性作用，我們還重視和東南亞、和所有周邊國家的合作。我們希望有一個穩定的周邊環境，親誠惠容。我們也願意把「一帶一路」倡議和有關國家的發展戰略相對接。中國將堅定不移走和平發展道路，堅定不移做地區和世界和平與發展的維護者、貢獻者。 As we come to the final question, let me add one point. China pays attention to its relations with Northeast Asian countries. Just now, I addressed a question from the ROK journalist saying that China will continue to play a constructive role as a major country for the denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula. But not just so, we also pay a great deal of attention to our relations with Southeast Asian countries and indeed all our neighbors. We hope to have a stable neighborhood and will continue to follow the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness in developing relations with those countries. We will work with them to enhance the complementarity between China’s Belt and Road Initiative and their development plans. In a word, China will stay on the path of peaceful development and will continue to be a positive force and a contributor for regional and global peace and development.
記者會結束時，《南方都市報》記者問：今年「五一」還會放小長假嗎？ At the end of the press conference, a journalist from Southern Metropolis Daily asked whether there would be a three-day national holiday for the May 1st Labor Day this year.
李克強答：我們會讓有關部門抓緊研究，充分聽取大家的意見。 Premier Li said, we would ask relevant departments to study this expeditiously, taking full account of the views of the general public.
記者會在人民大會堂三樓金色大廳舉行，歷時約150分鐘，參加採訪的中外記者1200餘名。 The Press Conference, held at the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People, lasted for about 150 minutes and was attended by over 1,200 Chinese and foreign journalists.
來源：新華網