In English conversation, when we respond to a speaker, we often do not repeat all of their words. Instead, we may say just a few words. The speaker understands our meaning based on what is being said in the conversation.
在英語會話中，當我們回某人的話時，我們通常不會將他們的話再完全重複一遍。相反，我們可能只會說幾個單詞。說話的人會根據之前的談話內容理解我們的意思。
You will hear and see examples of this everywhere that English is spoken.
在說英語的所有地方你都會聽到或看到這樣的例子。
On the American television show The Simpsons, for instance, Bart Simpson is a rebellious youth. He likes to play tricks on others. His favorite person to trouble is Groundskeeper Willie, an unpleasant man who works on the grounds at Bart's school.
例如，在美國電視節目《辛普森一家》中，巴特·辛普森是一個叛逆的青年。他喜歡惡搞別人。他最喜歡給園丁威利惹麻煩。園丁威利是在巴特學校運動場上工作的一個令人厭惡的人。
Listen to a short exchange between Bart and Willie:
聽巴特和威利之間的一小段對話
Willie, I've got a girlfriend.
威利，我有女朋友了。
Really? Well, uh, I do, too. She's…a bikini model from Sweden.
真的嗎？恩……我也有了。她是……來自瑞典的比基尼模特。
Haha, that's great.
哈哈太棒了。
Bart walks away, seemingly not believing Willie. But suddenly, Willie's beautiful Swedish girlfriend appears.
巴特走開了，似乎不太相信威利。但是，突然威利漂亮的瑞典女朋友出現了。
You heard Willie say, 「I do, too」 in response to Bart. English speakers everywhere use short responses like this one in speech and some kinds of writing.
你剛才聽到威利說，「I do, too」來回復巴特的話。所有說英語的人都會在談話中或者某些體裁的寫作中使用這樣簡短的回覆。
On an earlier Everyday Grammar program, we talked about using the words 「so」 and 「neither」 in short responses of agreement. Today, I will talk about 「too」 and 「either.」
在之前的每日語法節目中，我們討論了在表示贊同的簡短回覆中使用「so」和「neither」這兩個詞。今天，我將討論「too」和「either」這兩個詞。
All four words can be used to say that what is true for some person is also true for us.
所有這四個詞都可以用來說明某些人的真實情況對我們來說也是如此。
The word 「too」 shows agreement with positive statements. And the word 「either」 shows agreement with negative statements. You will hear and see examples of both today.
單詞「too」在肯定陳述句中表示贊同。而單詞「either」在否定陳述句中表示贊同。今天你會聽到這兩種用法。
How are they formed?
它們如何構成句子？
But first, let's talk about how to form these statements. When we use 「too」 and 「either」 to show agreement, they appear at the end.
但是首先，我們先討論如何構成這些陳述句。當我們使用「too」和「either」來表示贊同時，它們出現在句末。
The structure for 「too」 is:
含有「too」的句子結構為：
Subject + Auxiliary / Be + Too
主語+助動詞或Be動詞+too
Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs that do things like help form verb tenses. The verbs 「do,」 「be」 and 「have,」 for example, can act as auxiliary verbs or main verbs, depending on how they are used.
助動詞在句子中幫助實意動詞，像幫助它們構成不同的動詞時態。例如動詞「do」、「be」和「have」既能擔任助動詞也能做主要動詞使用，關鍵在於它們的使用情景。
In Willie's statement 「I do, too,」 the word 「I」 is the subject and 「do」 is the auxiliary. 「Too」 comes at the end and, in written form, often follows a comma.
在威利的陳述中「I do, too,」，單詞「I」是主語，「do」是助動詞。「too」放在句末並且在書寫形式中後面往往要加一個逗號。
The structure for 「either」 is:
含有「either」的句子結構為：
Subject + Auxiliary / Be + Either
主語+助動詞或Be動詞+either
If Bart had said, 「I don't have a girlfriend」 and that was also true for Willie, his response could have been, 「I don't either.」
如果巴特說了，「沒有女朋友」而威利也是這種情況，他的回答就變成了，「I don't either.」。
When we use 「too」 and 「either」 this way, the verb tense in the response matches the verb tense in the original statement.
當我們這樣使用「too」和「either」時，答語中的動詞時態要與原陳述句中的時態保持一致。
I do, too / I don't either
I do, too和I don't either
Let's look at the simple present verb tense first and I will show you what I mean.
我們先看看一般現在時接著我將向你展示剛才我說的是什麼意思。
We can say 「I do, too」 and 「I don't either」 to agree with statements in the simple present tense.
在一般現在時中我們可以說「I do, too」和「I don't either」來表示贊同某個陳述。
Listen to an exchange between speakers:
聽一聽兩名說話者之間的一段對話：
She speaks a second language.
I do, too.
她會說第二種語言。
我也會。
She doesn't speak a second language.
I don't either.
她不會說第二種語言。
我也不會。
Note that the auxiliary verb 「do」 is used in simple present tense in the responses.
注意到助動詞「do」被用在一般現在時的答語中。
I am, too / I'm not either
I am, too和I'm not either
But when the main verb is 「be,」 we do not use an auxiliary verb.
但是當主要動詞是「be」動詞時，我們不再使用助動詞。
To agree with simple present statements when the main verb is 「be,」 we can say, 「I am, too」and 「I'm not either.」
當主要動詞為「be」時，對一般現在時的陳述表示贊同時，我們會說，「I am, too」或者「I'm not either」。
Listen to this exchange:
聽這段對話：
Ivan is an international student.
I am, too.
伊萬是一名國際學生。
我也是。
Ivan is not an international student.
I'm not either.
伊萬不是一名國際學生。
我也不是。
Present continuous
現在進行時
Pay close attention to this next one.
密切關注下一個用法。
We also say 「I am, too」 and 「I'm not either」 to agree with statements in the present continuous verb tense. This verb tense is sometimes called 「be + -ing.」
我們在現在進行時中表示對陳述的贊同時也會說「I am, too」和「I'm not either」 這種動詞時態有時被稱作「be + -ing」。
Jocelyn is going to the antique show.
I am, too.
喬斯林要去古董展。
我也要去。
Jocelyn isn't going to the antique show.
I'm not either.
喬斯林不會去古董展。
我也不會去。
Here, the verb 「be」 acts as an auxiliary verb. The main verb is 「go」 and it's in the -ing form.
在這種情況中，動詞「be」擔任助動詞。主要的動詞是「go」，並且它需要用-ing形式。
I did, too / I didn’t either
I did, too和 I didn’t either
Now, we will move to the simple past tense.
現在我們討論一下一般過去時。
We can say, 「I did, too」 and 「I didn't either」 to agree with statements in the simple past tense.
在一般過去時中表示對陳述句的贊同時，我們會說，「I did, too」和「I didn't either」。
Let's hear how our speakers use them:
讓我們聽聽我們的說話者如何使用它們：
We watched The Simpsons yesterday.
我們昨天看了《辛普森一家》。
I did, too.
我也看了。
We didn't watch The Simpsons yesterday.
I didn't either.
我昨天沒看《辛普森一家》。
我也沒有。
I was, too / I wasn't either
I was, too和I wasn't either
And, lastly, we can say, 「I was, too」 and 「I wasn't either」 to agree with simple past statements when the main verb is 「be.」
最後，在一般過去時中當主要動詞是「be」時，我們會說「I was, too」和「I wasn't either」來表示贊同。
Here's what our speakers say:
這裡是我們說話者的談話：
I was happy about the book deal.
I was, too.
我很樂意這次圖書交易。
我也是。
I wasn't happy about the book deal.
I wasn't either.
我很不樂意此次圖書交易。
我也不樂意。
You can find examples with other verb tenses as well as modal auxiliary verbs on our website: learningenglish.voanews.com.
你能在我們的網站learningenglish.voanews.com上找到關於其他動詞時態和情態動詞的例子。
And now for a few closing thoughts.
現在談幾個結束的觀點。
You might be wondering about the expressions 「Me too」 to respond to positive statements and 「Me neither」 to respond to negative statements. In English, these expressions are very informal but, in everyday conversation, completely acceptable.
你可能想知道關於使用短語「Me too」來做肯定陳述的答語和「Me neither」做否定陳述的答語。在英語中，這些短語是非常不正式的，在日常談話中，可以完全接受。
Another thing to note is that 「too,」 「either,」 「so」 and 「neither」 are not just for responses. Sometimes one speaker can state two or more agreeing ideas. For example:
另外一個需要注意的事情是「too」、「either」、「so」和「neither」不光能夠用於回復別人。有時說話者可以陳述兩個或更多個表示贊同的想法。例如：
Pene was happy about the book deal. I was, too.
皮恩很樂意這次圖書交易。我也是。
Well, that's all for today. Listen and watch for these short responses everywhere you hear and see English being used.
那是今天的全部內容。在你能聽到和看到使用英語的所有地方，聆聽並觀察你聽到的所有簡短回答