【導讀】在過去一個多月，我分享了四個主題的精讀筆記，每個主題在分享完精讀筆記後都發布了對應的課後練習和泛讀文章，並在一周閱讀結束時對重點表達總結提升。希望我的分享能帶給你學習上的幫助。
往期精讀筆記請看：
讀報刊學英語：在家辦公-精讀筆記02
讀報刊學英語：新冠肺炎疫情的經濟影響和政策應對-精讀筆記02
讀報刊學英語：節後抑鬱-精讀筆記02
一周總結：如何花式介紹某人的擅長、專長
本期精讀：
讀報刊學英語：你媽註定讓你抓狂-精讀筆記00
原文3
I am far from alone in this. Psychologists even have a term to describe the way we fall back into predictable, maddening behavior patterns when we’re with our family of origin. It’s called family systems theory — the notion that families have an equilibrium, and each person has a fixed role that 「is in service of keeping the family system intact,」 said Pooja Lakshmin, M.D., a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences. So whatever your established role is — whether you’re the appeaser, or the family clown, or the petulant one — you’re going to be thrown right back there the second you walk through the door of your childhood home.
逐句分析一
【句子】
①Psychologists even have a term to describe the way ②we fall back into predictable, maddening behavior patterns ③when we’re with our family of origin.
【句子結構分析】
②是省略了that或in which的定語從句，這裡多說一句，讀外刊的時候我們如果多留意的話會發現，兩個形容詞之間多用一個逗號「，」隔開就行了，而無須使用到and，正如這裡的「predictable, maddening behavior patterns」；③是嵌套在定語從句中的狀語從句。
逐句分析二
【句子】
①It’s called family systems theory ②— the notion ③that families have an equilibrium, and each person has a fixed role ④that 「is in service of keeping the family system intact,」⑤said Pooja Lakshmin, M.D., ⑥ a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences.
【句子結構分析】
本句是賓語為間接引語的主從複合句。⑤是主句，⑥是⑤中Pooja Lakshmin的同位語，用來說明其身份；①—④構成間接引語，是賓語從句，作動詞said的賓語；其中①是賓語從句的主幹部分，②破折號後「the notion」是family systems theory，說明「家庭系統理論」這一概念，再通過③這個同位語從句，進一步解釋「the notion」的具體內容是and連接的兩個並列句；在這個同位語從句中又嵌套了一個定語從句，that指代a fixed role。
【語言點】
far from 在距離上表示「遠離……」；在程度上表示「遠非……」，約等於not；e.g. It is far from clear (= it is not clear) what he intends to do. 他打算怎樣做一點都不清楚。
family of origin原生家庭；更口語一點可以說the family you are born into。
family systems theory家庭系統理論；家庭系統理論是一種關於人類情緒活動與交往行為的理論。在解釋人的情緒活動上,家庭系統理論獨樹一幟地將整個家庭看作一個情緒單位來考察,將人看作相互關聯的結構中的要素,而不是自主的精神實體。
equilibrium平衡；均衡；均勢
e.g. The point at which the solid and the liquid are in equilibriumis called the freezing point. 固體和液體的平衡點叫做冰點。
e.g. We have achieved an equilibrium in the economy. 我們已在經濟上達到平衡。
in service of :為……服務，造福於；
e.g. The Dragon Boat Festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.
intact：complete and not damaged 完好無損；完整；一般不用在名詞前；
e.g. Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years. 雖然過了兩百年，這房子的大部分還保持完好。
逐句分析三
【句子】
①So whatever your established role is ②— whether you’re the appeaser, or the family clown, or the petulant one — ③you’re going to be thrown right back there ④the second you walk through the door of your childhood home.
【句子結構分析】
句子的主幹是③，①是whatever引導的讓步狀語從句，其意相當於no matter what；②用了一對破折號，舉例說明①中的「your established role」，是「whether A, or B, or C」結構；④，「the second」後接從句，相當於連詞的作用，表示「一……就……」。
【語言點】
appeaser勸解人；appease，動詞， 表示安撫、撫慰；
clown：an entertainer who wears funny clothes and a large red nose and does silly things to make people laugh 丑角；小丑
e.g. Robert was always the class clown. 那時候羅伯特總是班裡的活寶。在這裡，the class clown = he did silly things to make the other students laugh
the family clown：我們可以理解為家裡的活寶
【參考譯文】
在這個問題上，我可不是一個人。心理學家甚至有一個術語來描述回到原生家庭時，我們身上出現的可預測的、令人惱火的退行行為模式，它就叫做「家庭系統理論」。醫學博士普佳·拉克什明（Pooja Lakshmin）是喬治華盛頓大學（the George Washington University）醫學與健康科學學院精神病學的臨床助理教授，他說：「在家庭系統理論中，每個家庭都有各自的平衡，每個家庭成員在維持其家庭系統完好的過程中都扮演著固定的角色。」所以，不管你的既定角色是什麼——不管你是家庭裡的安撫者，還是家裡的活寶，還是愛發脾氣的那個——當你一踏進你的原生家庭，你就會回到你的那個角色。
原文4
Kira Birditt, Ph.D., a research associate professor at the University of Michigan who has studied tension between adult children and their parents, said that 94 percent of respondents in her study on the topic reported some kind of strife in their relationships. Research also shows that the connection between mothers and adult daughters is especially fraught; Dr. Birditt described it as 「the closest and most irritating」 of almost all relationships. (One of the most life-changing episodes of my early adulthood was noticing my own mother get sulky at something her mother said.)
【句子】
①Kira Birditt, Ph.D., ②a research associate professor at the University of Michigan ③who has studied tension between adult children and their parents, ④said ⑤that 94 percent of respondents in her study on the topic reported some kind of strife in their relationships.
【句子結構分析】
句子的主幹是①和④，①是主句的主語，②是Kira Birditt的同位語，用來說明其身份，其中③是個定語從句，who指代a research associate professor；④是主句的謂語，⑤是賓語從句，作said的賓語；
【語言點】
Ph.D.：指Doctor of Philosophy，哲學博士；上一段的M.D.是medical doctor，醫學博士；
adult children成年子女
strife 衝突；爭鬥
e.g. 塔吉克民族偉大詩人魯達基曾寫道，「智者追求善良與和平，愚者才醉心爭吵和戰爭。」As the great Tajik poet Rudaki wrote, 「The wise pursue kindness and peace; only the fool are bent on strife and war.」
fraught /frt/ ：焦慮的，憂慮的，可以用tense替換;fraught還常常接with，fraught with sth表示「充滿（不愉快事物）的」
e.g. 在挑戰層出不窮、風險日益增多的當今世界，中國將一如既往站在和平與正義的一邊。In a world fraught with challenges and mounting risks, China will remain on the side of peace and justice.
sulky面有慍色的；生悶氣的
【參考譯文】
密西根大學(University of Michigan)的研究副教授基拉·貝迪特(Kira Birditt)博士研究過成年子女與父母之間的緊張關係，她說，在這項研究中，94%的受訪者表示與父母的關係存在某種衝突。研究還表明，母親和成年的女兒之間的關係尤其緊張。貝迪特博士稱這種關係是幾乎所有關係中「最親密又最惱人的」。(在我剛成年的時候，最能改變我人生的其中一件事情就是，我注意到我的母親對她母親說的話很生氣。)
以上。