稿件:econometrics666@126.com
關於標準誤,可以參看:1. 3.
關於下方文字內容,作者:吳欣霓,英國牛津大學經濟系,通信郵箱:xinniwu@outlook.com.
Mitchell A. Petersen, Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches, The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 435–480, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn053
In corporate finance and asset pricing empirical work, researchers are often confronted with panel data. In these data sets, the residuals may be correlated across firms or across time, and OLS standard errors can be biased. Historically, researchers in the two literatures have used different solutions to this problem. This paper examines the different methods used in the literature and explains when the different methods yield the same (and correct) standard errors and when they diverge. The intent is to provide intuition as to why the different approaches sometimes give different answers and give researchers guidance for their use.
1.4 通過模擬數據測試Fama-MacBeth標準誤的估計
當自變量或/和殘差不存時間效應時,OLS標準誤估計是正確的。
隨著時間效應強度增加,OLS標註誤低估正確標準誤的程度增加。
對比OLS,聚類標準誤估計值雖然準確很多,但較正確標準誤還是偏低。偏差是由於此模擬數據集中只有10個時間簇(T=10), 遠小於之前企業效應數據中但500個公司簇。為了探索簇數對聚類標準誤估計準確度的影響,本文模擬了五千個觀測值的數據集,其年數(或類集)的範圍為5到100。在所有模擬中,自變量和殘差的25%的變異性都來自時間效應()。聚類標準誤差估計中的偏差隨聚類數目的減少而降低,從T=5的27%降至T=40的3%,降至T=100的1%。
存在企業效應(Firm Effect)和時間效應(Time Effect)時的標準誤差估計
結論
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