Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English– the show that brings you an interesting topic, authentic listening practice and six items of incredibly useful vocabulary.I’m Dan…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。該節目會奉上有趣的話題，純正的聽力練習，以及六個非常實用的單詞。我是丹。
And I’m Neil.Now, a favourite topic today: food, and how food can influence your mood.Dan, tell me, what food makes you happy?
我是尼爾。今天的話題很不錯：食物，以及食物如何影響我們的心情。丹，告訴我，什麼食物會讓你開心。
Oh, you know, ice cream, chocolate… chocolate always puts a smile on my face.
你知道的，冰淇淋和巧克力。巧克力總會讓我的臉上出現笑容。
And a few inches round your waistline!Sadly, the research we』ll be looking at today doesn’t suggest you eat more chocolate…but it does talk about bacteria!
也會讓你的腰圍寬上幾英寸。不幸的是，我們今天看到的調查並沒有說你要吃更多的巧克力。今天談論的是細菌！
Bacteria – those simple, small organisms – they make me happy?
細菌，那些簡單的，小的生物體？他們會讓我開心？
Absolutely, the so-called good bacteria do!We』ll get to that, but first we』ll look at today’s question. How many bacteria are there in the human body?a) 39 million b) 39 billion c) 39 trillion?
沒錯！所謂的優良細菌會這樣！我們一會兒會提到的，現在我們先看看今天的問題。人體內有多少細菌？a) 3900萬？b)390億？c) 39萬億?
They are pretty small. I’m going to go for c) 39 trillion.
他們真的非常小。我選c) 39萬億。
Well, we』ll find out if you’re right… by counting them one by one.
我們之後一個一個數一數，看你回答得是否正確。
That’s going to take longer than six minutes!
那可不止六分鐘了！
Yes it is, so let’s get moving! Scientists believe your mental state is connected to the bacteria in your gut.
沒錯，所以我們趕緊繼續說！科學家們認為你的精神狀態和你內臟中的細菌緊密相連。
My gut - my stomach and the other organs my food passes through…
我的內臟，也就是我的胃，以及食物經過的其他器官。
Yes. Researchers at McMaster University in Canada and University College Cork in Ireland have found that certain bacteria help reduce anxiety in mice…
沒錯。加拿大麥克馬斯特大學以及愛爾蘭科克大學的研究人員發現某些細菌能夠減輕老鼠的焦慮。
Anxiety – the state of being worried or anxious. I don’t like the sound of an anxious mouse.
焦慮，是指擔心憂慮的狀態。我不喜歡焦慮的老鼠發出的聲音。
Well I’m afraid there’s another mouse experiment coming up.Researchers at Kyushu University found germ-free mice showed more stress…
恐怕另一種老鼠實驗也要開始啦。九州大學的研究人員發現無菌的老鼠更加焦躁。
Germs – a general word for bacteria and microorganisms, usually the ones which cause disease…So germs help reduce stress and anxiety in mice.Any research on humans?
病菌，細菌和微生物的統稱，通常會導致疾病。所以病菌會減少老鼠的壓力和不安。有關於人類的研究嗎？
The BBC TV programme Trust me, I’m a Doctor has just explored this.They looked at foods which are high in good bacteria – a claim which more and more food products are making these days.
BBC電視節目《請相信我，我是一名醫生》探究了這個問題。他們查看了優良細菌含量較高的食物，如今越來越多的食品都聲稱含有益生菌，
Yes, it’s a phrase that appears a lot in marketing.
沒錯，市場營銷中經常出現這個說法。
But many traditional foods are high in good bacteria as well. They found that homemade fermented food was best.
但很多傳統的食品也富含優良菌種。他們發現自家製作的發酵食品是最好的。
So things like miso soup, kimchi, yoghurt, sauerkraut – all these are fermented.Have you tried all of those?
像味增湯、朝鮮泡菜、酸奶、德國泡菜都是發酵的。這些你都吃過嗎？
I love miso soup and kimchi. And fermentation is the process where sugars in food are turned into acids and alcohol.
我愛味噌湯和朝鮮泡菜。發酵是指食物中的糖轉變為酸和酒精的過程。
Fermented foods are full of lots of good bacteria for your gut… Anything else from the BBC programme?
發酵食品富含很多肝臟需要的益生菌。BBC這個節目還說什麼了？
Well, this is the man behind the BBC study, Dr Michael Mosley. In this clip, a radio presenter asks him about the best kind of food to make us happy.
麥可·莫斯利支撐了該節目的研究。在一個片段中，主持人問他什麼食物能令我們開心。
What’s the good mood food? What shall we eat now to cheer ourselves up?
什麼是讓人心情好的食物？我們吃什麼能夠振奮精神呢？
Mediterranean diet. Olive oil; oily fish, full of omega 3, which is really good for the brain; whole grains; lots of fruits and vegetables.Sugar: terrible for you.
地中海食譜。橄欖油、富含油脂的魚、富含脂肪酸對大腦有好處。全穀類、大量的水果和蔬菜。糖類，會讓你心情不好。
Not chocolate eclairs then?
沒有巧克力泡芙嗎？
Sadly not. That will make you feel good for about 30 seconds until you finish it and then you feel terribly guilty.
很遺憾沒有。巧克力甜點也許會讓你開心30秒，但當你吃完了，你會感到沉重的罪惡感。
Right, ok. Mediterranean it is.
好吧，地中海食譜。
He said the best kind of food is the Mediterranean diet. Now, a diet can mean an eating plan designed to help you lose weight.
他說最好的食物是地中海食譜。食譜可以指幫助減肥的飲食計劃。
But that’s not what it means here. Here it refers to the food and drink eaten by a group of people – in this case, the people living around the Mediterranean Sea.
但這裡不是這個意思。這裡是指一群人的飲食。在這裡，是指生活在地中海附近的人們。
Lots of oily fish, olive oil, grains, fruits and vegetables.And of course, add in plenty of fermented food too.
富含油脂的魚、橄欖油、穀物、水果和蔬菜。當然， 還有添加一些發酵食品。
And don’t eat too many fatty, sugary, chocolaty things like chocolate eclairs– those are buns filled with cream and covered in chocolate.It’s really not rocket science, is it?
不要吃太多脂肪含量高、糖類、巧克力類的食品，如巧克力泡芙，內含大量奶油和巧克力的甜點。這不是很複雜的事，不是嗎？
Eating healthily is pretty straightforward, even if the science behind it is complexWhen you say something is not rocket science, you mean it’s not difficult to understand.
吃的健康一些是很簡單的事，雖然背後的科學理論很複雜。當你說某件事不是很複雜，就是說不難理解。
Now, are you ready for some counting?
你準備好開始數數了嗎？
Ah yes, you wanted me to count all the bacteria in my body! I said 39 trillion.
哦對，你想讓我數一數我身體內所有的細菌！我說了39萬億。
And you were right. The number goes up and down, but on average we’re thought to have around 39 trillion bacterial cells in the body, according to the Weizmann Institute in Israel.The interesting thing is they think that there are only 30 trillion human cells in the body.
你答對了！據以色列威茲曼研究所的研究，這個數字上下波動，但平均來說，我們的身體內有大約39萬億的細菌細胞。有趣的是，他們認為人體內只有30萬億的人體細胞。
So there’s more bacteria than human in me?
所以我的體內，細菌比人體細胞多？
Well, maybe just you, Dan! Now, before the bacteria take over completely, let’s look over today’s words one more time.
也許只有你是這樣！在細菌沒有完全佔領我們的身體前，我們看一看今天的單詞。
Gut was first. It means the stomach and other organs which digest our food.But here’s an extra tip - the word can also mean bravery when used in the plural. You』ve got guts, Neil, wearing that crazy shirt in this office!
首先是內臟，指胃，以及消化食物的其他器官。額外提示一點，這個單詞用於複數時，指勇氣。你很有勇氣，尼爾，在辦公室穿這種瘋狂的襯衫。
Well, thank you.Maybe I don’t feel any anxiety about how I look! Anxiety was our second word, and it means fear or worry. The adjective is anxious.
哎呀，謝謝你。也許我沒有看起來這麼焦躁。焦慮是我們學到的第二個單詞，指害怕、擔心。它的形容詞形式是anxious。
You know what makes me anxious?Germs. I wash my hands fifty times a day.I can’t stand the idea of getting ill from all the germs around here.
你知道什麼會讓我變得焦慮嗎？病菌。我每天洗手五十多次。我不能忍受我會因為這些病菌而生病。
Yes, germs are tiny organisms, and usually refers to those which carry disease. But as we heard, certain germs are good for you!
病菌是指微小的微生物，通常指攜帶疾病的細菌。但就像我們之前聽到的，一些細菌對身體有好處。
Especially those which are in fermented food. That’s food which has gone through a process where sugars turn into acids and alcohol.They often taste sour or bitter.
尤其是發酵食品中的。發酵食品是指糖轉變為酸和酒精的過程。這些食品通常嘗起來會酸一點或苦一點。
We also talk about fermenting alcoholic drinks.Beer and wine are fermented.
我們還談到發酵酒精類飲品。啤酒和葡萄酒都是發酵過的。
Does that mean I should make them a part of my diet?A diet not only means a healthy eating plan, but can also mean the foods and drinks consumed by an individual or group.Which country has the best diet, Neil?
這是不是意味著我應當在食譜中添上這一項？食譜不僅是指健康的飲食計劃，也指個人或一個群體的飲食內容。哪個國家的飲食最好最健康呢？
Well, in my opinion the Japanese diet.It’s my favourite anyway – very varied and plenty of fermented food!
我覺得是日本的飲食。那是我最喜歡的，種類多樣，還有很多發酵食品。
And finally we had – it’s not rocket science – it’s simple to understand. An example?
最後我們還提到，這不是複雜的問題，也就是簡單理解。有什麼例子嗎？
Brewing beer isn’t rocket science – you just need hops, yeast and patience.
釀酒並不複雜，你只需要啤酒花、酵母和耐心。
And there we are – a rocket speed review of today’s words! And that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon.
好了，我們火速瀏覽了一遍今天的單詞。今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期再會。