英文合同中常見的用詞及句型（Usual Wordings and Sentence Patterns）有其相對固定的含義和用法，不僅可以幫助準確理解掌握合同條款的含義，而且這些成熟的表達方式可以為提高、 完善草擬和翻譯合同所借鑑，達到事半功倍的效果。
1.句式結構特點（Sentence Structure）
1）句子冗長，結構嚴謹，語序複雜 ）句子冗長，結構嚴謹， 英文合同為了準確、嚴密、清楚地表達， 多以龐雜的從句和/或短語並列，語序複雜 多變的長句面目出現，很少以簡單句為主。A．主句的狀語的位置，一般放在助動詞後， ．主句的狀語的位置， 行為動詞前，與基礎英語頻度副詞如；often，sometimes，always，never， seldom的位置相同
The Company shall, at all time during the term of the Joint Venture, effect and maintain full and adequate insurance against loss or damage by fire and such risks as are customarily issued in connection with the operation of the Company.
合資公司應在合資期間的任何時候，就火 災以及此類與公司經營相關的其他風險所 造成的損失或損害進行投保，並保持充分 和適當的保險。
B．從句複雜，從句的狀語，往往放在連詞 ．從句複雜，從句的狀語， 之後，從句的句子之前。例如：之後，從句的句子之前
If, at any time during the execution of the Contract, either of the Parties to the contract is prevented from executing the Contract in case of Force Majeure such as war, serious fires, flood, typhoon and earthquake, etc., the time for execution of the Contract shall be extended for a period equal to the affect of those causes.
在合同履行期間的任何時候，合同任一方， 由於受到戰爭、嚴重火災、洪水、颱風和 地震等不可抗力事件的影響而不能履行合 同時，合同履行期應予延長，延長期限相 當於事件影響的時間。
C．主從複合句，從句經常用簡略形式。．主從複合句，從句經常用簡略形式。
A party dissatisfied with the judgment may, within 15 day upon receipt of the judgment, file an appeal to the next upper People’s Court.
如不服本判決，該方可於接到判決之日起十五日 內向上一級法院提起上訴。
The Contractor shall, unless otherwise provided in the Contract, make his own arrangement for the engagement of all staff and labour, local or other, and for their payment, housing, feeding and transport.
除合同另有規定外，承包人應自行安排從當地或 其他地方僱用的所有職員和勞務人員，以及他們 的報酬、住房、膳食和交通。
2. 否定前置與倒裝 (Negative Fronting and Anastrophe)
A. 否定前置：(Fronting) Nothing in Article 12.3 shall prevent Party A or any of its affiliation from continuing to carry on any of their present businesses.
合同第十二條第三款規定不得妨礙甲方或其分支 機構持續經營現有業務。
Neither party, without prior consent of the other, may assign or transfer to any third party any equity interests held by its side.
未經對方同意，任一方不得向任何第三人轉讓其 持有的股權。
B.否定倒裝：(Anastrophe)
In no event shall the Seller be liable for lost profit s, delay, injury to goodwill or any special or cons equential damages howsoever any of the same are caused.
對於利潤損失、延誤、商譽損害或任何特別或間接的損害賠償，不論任何原因引起的，賣方概不承擔責任。
In this case, Party B shall refund to Party A the amount which Party A has paid to Party B plus the related interest at the rate of 10% per year immediately, but in no case shall such refunding by Party B exceeds 30 days from receipt from Party A of the notice to terminate the contract.
在此種情況下，乙方應立即返還甲方已支付給乙方的款項並 按年利率10%加算利息，但不論怎樣乙方該返還不得超過收 到甲方終止合同通知後30日。
3)被動語態 Passive Voice 被動語態
Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be a material breach of this Agreement.
未能按上述要求通知甲方的，則視為構成 實質違約。（作謂語）
Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to terms and conditions set forth hereinafter as follows:
按如下列明的條款，賣方同意出售，買方 同意購買下述商品：（作後置定語）
The payment of all the expenses under this contract shall be made through Bank of China, Shenzhen Branch and the bank designated by Party B.
所有合同項下的費用均應通過中國銀行深圳分行 和乙方指定銀行進行支付。（作謂語和後置定語）
Upon termination or dissolution of the Partnership，the partnership will be promptly liquidated, with all debts being paid first, prior to any distribution of the remaining funds.
合夥企業一經終止或解散，合夥企業立即清算， 在分割剩餘財產前，首先償還所有債務。（作謂 語和狀語）
3 . 贅語的運用 Doublets and Triplets
Able and willing=willing Full and complete= complete Null and void= void Legal and valid= valid Dispute, controversy or claim=d ispute Cancel, annul and set aside=cancel
Party A agrees to purchase from Party B the follo wing commodity under the terms and conditions set out below:
甲方同意按照下列條款向乙方購買如下商品：
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September 20.
自9月2O日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。
Any partner or his/her agent, may review any and all accounting or other records at anytime.
任何合伙人或其代理人，可隨時審查任一或全部會 計帳目或其他記錄。
2)Synonyms
Contract may be replaced by paragraph, condition, warranty, stipulation provison Mutual may be replaced by common, joint, reciprocal, shared Promise may be replaced by assurance, commitment, undertaking
The decision by such arbitration shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties。
該仲裁裁決為終局裁決，雙方均受其約束。Final和 binding屬相關詞連用。
The Company hereby releases and discharges Party A from further performance of, and any duties, obligations or liabilities under, the amended Agreement.
本公司特此解除甲方已修正協議的進一步履行及其修正協議下的義務和責任。Release和discharge相關詞連用，duty，obligation和liability屬近同義詞連 用。
If the Contractor shall duly perform and observe all the terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations of the said Contract, this obligation shall be null or void but otherwise shall be and remain in full force and effect.
如果承包人切實履行並遵守上述合同的所有條款、條件及規定，此義務即告終止，有條款、條件及規定，此義務即告終止，否則將保持完全有效。否則將保持完全有效。
4. Here/there/where+介詞構成的古體詞 介詞構成的古體詞
基本規則：Here代表this，there代表that，where 代表which或what即here/there/where+介詞=介詞 +this/that/which or what The parties hereto=the parties to this contract The parties hereby declare=as a result of; by this means Thereafter, The products shall be stored in a warehouse=after that time Whereat =at which Whereupon=immediately after which
Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特 此，由此，茲等意。The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:
買方向賣方訂購下列商品，條件如下：
Herein：in this。此中，於此。
The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A.
在此規定的最低特許權使用費應由乙方付 給甲方。
Hereof：of this。關於此點，在本文件中。Hereunder：under this. 本文件規定。
Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.
合同雙方就本合同規定交易任一條款的適用和解釋所產生的所有爭議同意力求通過 友好協商予以解決。
Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that 與之，向 那裡。
「Licensed Products」 means the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto.
「特許產品」係指在本協議附件1中所述的裝 置和產品，及其全部改進和修改的產品和 與之相關的產品。
Herewith：with this.與此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，從而
If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.
如果根據現行法律，本合同及與此有關的已經履行的文件 中有一項或多項條款被視為無效或不能履行，本合同其餘 條款的效力和履行將不因此受影響。
Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此後。
The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period of two years thereafter. 本合作經營企業合同，此後應持續有效兩年。
Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那裡；在那點上；在那方面。The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantially completed.
當在那裡的建築物實質完成時，該租賃房屋才認 為適合佔有居住。
Therewith：with that.以此；此外。
The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising there out or in connection therewith.
業主應賠償所有索賠、訴訟、損害賠償、 支出、花費、費用，不論因本合同產生或 與其相關，並保證承包人免於承擔上述責任。
The investors do hereby form a joint venture pursuant to the laws of the State of New York in order for the Venture to carry on the purposes for which provisions are made herein.
投資方特此依照紐約州法律設立合資公司， 以實現本合同規定的合資公司的經營目的。
No party shall have the right to withdraw his capital contributions or demand or receive the return of his capital contributions or any part thereof , except as otherwise provided in this Agreement.
除非本協議另有規定，合資方無權撤回全部或部 分出資，也無權要求或收取全部或部分出資。
5. 常用虛詞 function word
1． Notwithstanding: in spite of, ． despite. 即使，儘管。即使，儘管。
例1：Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.
即使有與本合同相悖的規定，保險範圍和 責任限制應以合同各方同意為準。
例2：Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as is reasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing.
儘管有本合同第二條第二款規定，如上述 第二條第一款規定的先決條件在合同期滿 日之前既未實現又未放棄，合同各方亦可 根據具體情況，約定合理延長合同的期滿 日。
2． As ．
合同英語中as出現的頻率極高，而且用法靈活多 變。在某種意義上講，as使用的熟練程度可以衡 量合同英語的造詣。具體用法和含義見以下實例：As 放在代表規定的provide，stipulate，set forth， prescribe等詞的過去分詞前，含義為「依照某某 規定」。
For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.
基於此，應依照本合同第四條 第六款調整資金帳戶。
based on their respective Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof.
基於本合同第 五條第二款規定的各方在合資公司中的權益。
The investors do hereby form a joint venture pursuant to the laws of the State of New York in order for the Venture to carry on the purposes for which provisions are made herein.
投資方特此依照紐約州法律設立合資公司，以實現本合同規定的合資公司的經營目的。
No party shall have the right to withdraw his capital contributions or demand or receive the return of his capital contributions or any part thereof , except as otherwise provided in this Agreement.
除非本協議另有規定，合資方無權撤回全部或部分出資，也無權要求或收取全部或部分出資。
Either party may at anytime replace the chairman, deputy chairman or director(s) it has appointed, provided that it gives written notice to the Joint Venture Company and the other party.
任何一方可隨時更換自己委派的董事長、 副董事長或董事，但必須書面通知合資公 司和合資的另一方。需要注意的是，provided that通常語氣上有 轉折的含義，不宜翻譯為「假如，如果」， 譯為「但是」，則譯文過渡自然，符合漢 語表達的規範。
Should the seller make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clause18 to this contract, the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.
如果賣方並非因本合同第18條規定的不可抗力事 件而未按合同規定的期限交貨，那麼，只要賣方 同意支付罰金，並由付款行從議付款中扣除，買 方便同意賣方延期交貨。句中出現兩處條件從句，should引導的從句屬於 非真實條件句，即虛擬語氣，表示該條件發生的 可能性很小，也就是說是當事人不希望出現的不 利情況。
Notwithstanding the completion of the sale and purchase of the __ ordinary shares in the Company, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall remain in full force and effect as between the parties hereto in so far as the same are not fulfilled.
即使買賣公司股普通股已經結束，只要該 行為尚未履行完畢，本協議條款對雙方仍 然完全有效。
In all cases where Licensee desires artwork involving articles which are the subject of this license to be executed, the cost of such artwork and the time for the production thereof shall be borne by Licensee.
如果被許可方需要的工藝品涉及本許可將 履行的標的，則該工藝品的費用和生產該 工藝品的時耗應由被許可方承擔。
In case part of or all know-how of the above-mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and confidential the part already published.
如上述專有技術的一部分或全部已由第三 方公布，而甲方也掌握了已公布的證據， 則甲方不再承擔保密義務。
「前述的」 上述的」foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question
Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned一族， 一般放在名詞前作限定，意為「前述的」 一般放在名詞前作限定，意為「前述的」 上述的」 或「上述的」，為避免重複已經提到的姓名或名稱。
The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Interest Rate in effect from time to time in accordance with the foregoing sentence.
本銀行將根據前述的句子以書面或電傳形 式隨時及時通知借款方生效的利率。
The contract shall be written in Chinese and in _____. Both language versions are equally authentic. In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.
本合同應以中文和_文書就，具同等法律效 力。前述兩種文本如有歧異，以中文文本 為準。
6. In question: under consideration; being talk about.」某件事或某個問題或「該」問題。
All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question. 買方根據返銷或回購貨物合同的義務所支 付的價格應為世界市場價格，結合考慮該 貨物的其他交貨條件。
7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with 「依照，根據」
「依照，根據」合同的約定或者法 律的規定。其中尤以「 最不正式， 律的規定。其中尤以「according to」最不正式， 最不正式 自然用的最少了， 自然用的最少了，而「in accordance with」最為 最為 常見。常見。
In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.
如未能達成和解，該案件可提交中國國際貿易仲 裁委員會根據該仲裁委員會頒布的仲裁程序暫行 規定進行仲裁。
又如：A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract
Plant signed by the representatives of both parties as per Chapter 9 of the present Contract.
該合同設備的驗收證書的影印副本由雙方 代表按照該合同第九章籤收。
Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the appendix to the Contract.
合同雙方應按照本合同附件中載明的項目 進行出資。
8. 英文合同表達「包括但不限於」
Including but not limited to與including, 與 without limitation以及 以及including by way of 以及 illustration but not limitation 英文合同表達「包括但不限於」時，就會用到這 幾個短語。幾個短語。例如：The time for the performance of the Seller's obligations set forth in this Contract shall be automatically extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly or indirectly from Force Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake, typhoon, natural catastrophe, and all other contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Seller's reasonable control preventing, hindering or interfering with the performance thereof.
9. 時間、期間的表示中虛詞的使用
1.表示確定的某日期時，使用「on」 A shall deliver the goods to B on July 30,2008. 2.
2.表示終了時間時 1）表示到「何月何日」時，一般用by ， before。但使用before時，期間的終止日期在表示日 期的前一天；而使用by時，期間的終止日 期包括表示日期。
時間、期間的表示 如：A shall deliver the goods to B
by July 30，2008. A shall deliver the goods to B before July 31，2008.
3.表示期間的起始期時，使用from, after ，commencing with, beginning with, 區別在於：a)使用from, after ，所跟時間不包括在 期間內，期間的計算應從第二日起算；b) 使用commencing with, beginning with ，所跟時間包括在期間內，期間 的計算從所跟時間起算；
4. 「 on and after」 ; 「on or before」, 「no later than」
On and after表示「從某日起」。表示「 表示 從某日起」 例如：Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September 20. 自9月2O日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或 收據。
on or before, no(not) later than,表示「不 表示「 表示 遲於」 遲於」
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚於5 月1日，支付現金。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December.
本合同籤字之日一個月內，即不遲於12月 15日，你方須將貨物裝船。
5. 表示期間的始終為避免歧義，不只用 表示期間的始終為避免歧義，不只用from – to，而用 ， 如: from January 1 to January 6,both days included或 in the period commencing with January 1 and ending with January 6.
6. 此外，為限定時間更為明確，還常用 此外，為限定時間更為明確， 此外 inclusive、including和included，來限定 、 和 ， 含當日在內的時間。含當日在內的時間。
This credit expires till January1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January1 for negotiation in Beijing.)
本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。如果 不包括1月1日在內，則為till and not including January 1。
10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods.
裝運前10天到15天，買方應以電報或電傳方 式通知賣方合同編號、裝運船名，預計到達 時間，裝載數量和承運代理商名稱，以便能 使賣方直接聯繫承運代理商安排貨物裝運。
10. 表示在「不損害某規定/情況下」Without prejudice to
Without prejudice to,常用於英文合同中， 表示在「不損害某規定/情況下」。例如：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations. 不妨害買方索賠權，買方仍有權取消合同 的部分或全部。
11. 表示「因為」
Attributable to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, i n view of, because of, on account of，considering, in ， consideration of 這一組短語出現在英文合同中都表示「因為」，其中due to，owing to，because of 較不正式，很少使用。
The seller shall be liable for any damage of the commodity and expenses incurred because of improper packing and for any rust attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the seller in regard to the packing.
本文來源博客 UScontract