一、複雜主語
包括下列情形：含有連詞如and,both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as wellas；非謂語動詞做主語；主語從句充當主語；同位語結構做主語等。如：Those who werehighest in status in high school, as well as those least liked inelementary school, are 「most likely toengage (從事) in dangerous and risky behavior.」(2019高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D) (as well as 連接those who...與those least liked ...做主語)
The gunners liketo describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (動詞不定式to do結構做主語)
Connecting to the community（社區）as youfreely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. (2019高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B) (-ing形式做主語)
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deeprelationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D) (-ing形式做主語)
What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B) (主語從句充當主語)
Shackleton,a onetimeBritish merchant-navy officer who hadgot to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business...(2016全國甲卷閱讀理解D) (同位語結構做主語)
二、主謂之間被介詞短語、定語從句或非謂語動詞分隔
Mr. Robbins, together with his wife andchildren, is leavingLondon for Paris.
Somepeople think that the great Chinesescholar Confucius, who livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced thedevelopment of chopsticks.( 2016全國丙卷語法填空)
Frank Hurley, aconfident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to makethe images, most of which have never before been published.(2016全國新課標甲卷閱讀理解D)
According to the report's key findings, 「theproportion(比例)who saythey 『never』 or 『hardly ever』 read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectivelytoday.」(2018全國卷Ⅱ閱讀C)
Thewomansitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. (2016全國甲卷完形填空)
三、複雜表語
One (reason) was that I was amazed at the fact that a sickperson could feel much better after seeing a doctor. (2019高考全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯)(表語從句中還含有一個同位語從句)
Thegeneral rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, oftenspoken by small numbers. (2018全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C) (表語從句中還含有while並列句)
四、複雜賓語
包括非謂語動詞、(並列)賓語從句(介詞後和動詞後)等。Dr. Prinstein has alsofound that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a playdate--sharing, kindness, openness--carry over to later years and make you better able torelate and connect with others.(2019全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D) (賓語從句中含有定語從句)
Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees gettingbitten by insects send out aparticular smell that neighboring plantscan get.(2017全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D)(賓語從句中含有-ing形式和定語從句)
Inorder to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on ①how we plan to apply ②what we would learn in class toour future professions and ,eventually, to our lives. (2018全國卷Ⅱ完形填空)(①是介詞on所帶的賓語從句，②是動詞apply所帶的賓語從句)
Axani wrote inhis post ①that he is not looking for anything in return and ②that the woman who usesthe extra ticket can choose to either travelwith him or take the ticket and travel on her own. (2017全國Ⅲ卷完形填空) (wrote帶有2個由that引導的賓語從句，第②個賓語從句含有who引導的定語從句)
五、複雜定語
包括非謂語動詞、形容詞短語、介詞短語、(多個)定語從句等。It’s an amazingaccomplishment and one we cannot achieve withoutgenerous support from individuals, corporations, and other socialorganizations. (2017全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解A)(省略了that/which的定語從句)
To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Deliciousand Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to seethe range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grownby the Romans. (2016全國新課標丙卷閱讀理解C) (who引導定語從句)
But myconnection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandasrescued from starvationin the wild. (2016全國新課標乙卷語法填空) (when引導的定語從句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定語)
Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visitDisneyland Paris park，staying until late to seethe parade and the fireworks.(2018全國卷Ⅱ閱讀A)(where引導定語從句)
Readers alsotended to share articles ①that were exciting or funny, or ②that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles ③that left them merely sad.( 2016全國新課標丙卷閱讀理解D) (含有三個that引導的定語從句)
Also, it is notuncommon any more to find carpenters (木匠)with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enablethem to deal with more difficult house designs. (含有兩個with介詞短語做定語和which引導的定語從句)
Now, using teethand bone pieces taken from the baby’s grave,scientists have compared the DNA from the Unknown Child with those collected from members of five families who lost relatives on the Titanic and never recovered thebodies.(含有兩個-ed形式做定語和who引導的定語從句)
六、複雜同位語(同位語從句)
Whilethey are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south asJames Bay in Canada. (2019全國Ⅰ卷語法填空)
The friendshipthat grew out of the experience of making that film and The Stingfouryears later had its root in the fact that although there was an agedifference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.(2017全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B)(that引導同位語從句，同位語從句內部含有although引導的狀語從句)
We shared thebelief thatif you’re fortunate enough to have success, youshould put something back --- hewith his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and thefestival.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B)(that引導同位語從句，同位語從句內部含有if引導的狀語從句)
七、複雜狀語
With the college entrance examination around the corner, allthe students are occupied with their revision.(with介詞短語做狀語)
Bytranslating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into thephysical language of BSL(英式手語), DeafinitelyTheatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims tobuild a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds byperforming to both groups as one audience.(2017全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解A) (兩個by介詞短語做狀語)
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,frozen bananas make an excellent base forthick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat 「ice cream」.(2018全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B) (-ed形式做狀語)
The IntelligentTransport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into amobile laboratory named 「DriveLAB」 in order tounderstand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the keystress points are. (2017全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D) (動詞不定式to do做狀語)
①Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, myhappiness deepened ②when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers forJack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where —— luckily for me —— I was planning tohave dinner that very night.(2015全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解B) (as和when引導狀語從句)
It wascalculated that when its population reached itshighest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – anumber equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the UnitedStates, making it perhaps the most abundantbirds in the world.(2014全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解B) (when引導狀語從句中，含有-ing形式做狀語)
Giventhat many people's moods (情緒)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine. (2013全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解C) (-ed形式做狀語, before引導狀語從句)
In a second study presented at the meeting, scientistsfrom the UK and Denmark showed that even a few days of high temperatures canseverely reduce production of crops, such as wheat, soya beans, rice and groundnuts(花生), if it occurs when theplants are flowering. (福建卷) (if 和when引導狀語從句)
According to the study, if thecat is adopted before the dog, and ifthey are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, ayear for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.（2011廣東卷B）(兩個if 引導並列狀語從句)
八、多個從句且從句套從句
Helikes ①that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up thebarkeeper ②with whom he's on a first-name basis③if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.((2019高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解C)(①是賓語從句，②是定語從句，③是狀語從句)
Forthis courier job, you’re consciously aware ①thatin that box you』ve got something ②that ispotentially going to save somebody’s life.( 2016全國乙卷閱讀理解C) (①是賓語從句，②是定語從句)
Therefore, ①whena person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,②whatmay be implied (暗示) is③that the person wants the listener to consider④what has been said before continuing.( 2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解D) (①是狀語從句，②是主語從句，③是表語從句，④是賓語從句)
①If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourselfand let the person know ②you’re busysothey can get the hint (暗示）③that ④when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.(2017全國Ⅱ卷閱讀七選五) (①是狀語從句，②是賓語從句，③是同位語從句，④是狀語語從句)
But you can’t besuccessful①when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship ②that results from an action③wherethe wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.(2015全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀七選五) (①是狀語從句，②是定語從句，③是定語從句)
Cursing mymisfortune, I was wondering ①where I was going to spend the night when I realizedthat the villagers②whohad gathered around me were arguing as to③who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in theirhouse.(2007高考廣東卷) (①是賓語從句，②是定語從句，③是賓語從句)
Studies show①that social science majors are most suited for change,②which is the leading feature of the kind of high speed, highpressure, high-tech world ③we now live in. (①是賓語從句，②是定語從句，③是定語從句)
It is important ①because it shows ②that regular physical exercise enables us to make better useof the oxygen ③we breathe inand④that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work ⑤our hearts do. (遼寧卷) (①是狀語從句，②是賓語從句，③是定語從句，④是並列賓語從句，⑤是定語從句)
九、複雜並列句(包含從句)
The likables』 plays-well-with-othersqualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employedever after in life and work.(2019高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D)
Wewent 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which Iwas to blame for Miller’s accident.(2016全國丙卷完形填空)
Dark environments are more likely to encourageovereating, for people are often less self-conscious(難為情) when they’re in poorly lit places —— and so more likely to eat lots of food..(2015全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解B)
When the weatheris fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple,and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when itis cloudless, gray steam gathers around the top of the mountains which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine andlight up like a crown of glory. (2004全國卷)
十、多個非謂語動詞
Then the person leaves it in a public place, ①hopingthat the book willhave an adventure, ②traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. (2016全國甲卷閱讀理解C)
He reported the case to the police and then sat there, ①lost andlonely in a strange city, ②thinking ofthe terrible troubles of ③getting allthe paperwork④organized again from a distant country while ⑤trying ⑥to settle downin a new one. (2014全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解A)
1. Not only is likability related to positivelife outcomes, but it is also responsiblefor those outcomes, too. (2019高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D) (not only開頭的倒裝句)
2. We found that the least well-liked teens had become moreaggressive over time toward their classmates. But sohad those who were high in status. (2019高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D) (so開頭的倒裝句)
3. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics fromthe report. (2019高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解C) (only開頭的倒裝句)
4. Of course,not only are today's top Western designersbeing influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashionare themselves Chinese." (2019高考全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解B) (not only開頭的倒裝句)
5. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and soare the consumers," she says. (2019高考全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解B) (so開頭的倒裝句)