跟著孩子學英語——My Bones Types

Your skull

When a baby is born, his or her skull has spaces between its bones. This is to make it easier for the baby to be born.

• If you look at a new baby you can see that there are two soft spots - called the fontanelles - on the top of her or his head, which are spaces between some of the skull bones.
• As babies grow, the bones of the skull join together and harden, so they no longer have fontanelles.

Different bones in the skull have different jobs.

• Some bones protect the brain. You can feel the bone at the back of your head and your forehead.
• Some bones make the framework for your face. You can feel the bones around your eyes.
• Some tiny bones in the middle part of your ear carry sound from your eardrum to the inner ear. Have a look at the topic Ears – how your ears work for more about these bones.
• You can feel the jawbone under your chin and where it hinges just under your ear. It is the only bone in your head that you can move.

Your spine

The spine has 26 bones which are like circles with wings on the sides and back. They are called the vertebrae (say ver-tu-bray). There are small discs made of cartilage between each vertebra. They act like shock absorbers and also stop the bones rubbing against each other. There is also a hole through each of the vertebra where the spinal cord goes.

• The top 7 are called the cervical (say ser-vik-al) vertebrae and they support your head and neck.
• The next 12 are called the thoracic (say thor-ass-ik) vertebrae. These hold one end of your ribs.
• The next 5 are the lumbar (say lum-ba) vertebrae.
• The next, the sacrum (say-krum), is a large bone that is actually made of 5 vertebrae fused (joined) together.
• At the bottom of the spine is the coccyx (say cok-six), which is one bone made of 4 small vertebrae fused together.

Your ribs

Ribs make a protective cage around your lungs, liver and heart and spleen.

There are usually 12 pairs of ribs, each pair attached to the spine at the back. Each rib is attached to the ribs above and below it by muscles and ligaments.

• At the front of the body the top 7 ribs are attached to the sternum (or breast bone).
• The next 3 pairs are joined to the ribs above, and to the sternum, by cartilage.
• The last 2 pairs of ribs are called the 『floating&39;t panic! They are not attached to the sternum but they are fastened to the spine at the back and to the other ribs by strong muscles. If you look at the diagram above, you can see that it&39;t have sharp edges sticking out!

Your arms

Each arm is fastened to the scapula (say scap-you-la) - the shoulder blade at the back, and to the clavicle (the collar bone) in the front. The scapula is a triangle shaped bone near the top of the ribs on your back).

The arm has 3 bones - the humerus (say hew-mer-us), the radius (ray-dee-us) and the ulna (ul-na).

The humerus is the bone between your shoulder and the elbow. That&39;s sometimes called the &39; because &39; sounds like &39;, which is another word for funny or amusing.

The radius and ulna bones go from the elbow to the wrist.

At the end of the radius and ulna is your wrist. Your wrist has 8 small bones, so it is really flexible.

In each hand there are 19 bones! Your hands are so amazing that we have a whole topic about them, so look up Your wonderful hands, and prepare to be amazed!

Your legs

Your legs are fastened to your pelvis at the hips. The pelvis is shaped like a bowl and supports the contents of your tummy.

Legs need to be large and strong to support the rest of the body.

• The femur (fee-mer) is the largest bone in the body and it goes from the pelvis to the knee.
• Another bone called the patella ( pat-ell-a), or kneecap, covers the knee joint to protect it.
• Below the knee there are 2 bones. These are the tibia (tib-ee-a) and the fibula (fib-you-la). They join up to a large bone in the ankle called the talus (tal-uss).
• There are 6 other bones here so you can move your ankle around but you cannot move it as much as you can move your wrist.

Your joints

Where two bones meet is called a joint.

• Some joints are fixed and don't move - for example, the joints in your skull, before they have grown together.
• Some joints move a little, like the joints in your spine.
• Some joints move a lot.

There are two kinds of moving joints.

• Hinge joints act like the hinge on a door which allows it to open and shut.
• Some joints are ball and socket joints. These allow movement in all directions.