Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)Why Choose Modular Construction?由專築網邢子，小R編譯正如建築業的每一位專業人員所知道的那樣，建築是一項耗資、耗時巨大的工作，延遲完成施工幾乎比按時完成更頻繁，而且可能被大量的其他要求、天氣和意外情況、規劃不足、人員太少等因素影響。冗長的建設項目還可能在項目建成之前就對公眾對項目的看法產生負面影響，特別是當項目出現延誤而給生活或工作在建築工地附近的人帶來不便。此外，有些項目只是需要按照比傳統建築項目通常可行的更快的時間表進行建設。值得慶幸的是，對於那些尋求大幅縮短施工時間的人來說，存在一種解決方案，即模塊化建築。As every professional in the building industry knows, construction can be a costly and endlessly time-consuming endeavor. Delays are almost more frequent than on-time construction, and can be induced by extensive bureaucratic requirements, weather and other unexpected circumstances, inadequate planning, too few personnel, or a whole host of other causes. Lengthy construction projects can also negatively impact public perception of a project even before it has been built, especially if the projects experience delays or inconvenience those who live or work close to the building site. Moreover, some projects simply need to be built along a faster timeline than is typically feasible for a traditional construction project. Thankfully, there exists a solution for those seeking to drastically reduce construction times: modular construction.
Jesus Granada
Dennis Lo模塊化建築到底是什麼？模塊化建築研究所是這一主題的最重要的資源，根據該研究所的說法：「模塊化建築是一個過程，在這一過程中，建築是在非現場且受控的工廠條件下建造的，使用相同的材料，並按照與傳統建築設施相同的規範和標準進行設計，但只需一半的時間」。模塊化建築也有點像一個總稱，它包括了幾種不同類型的建築。
體積式模塊化建築（模塊化建築協會的首選）是一個過程，在這個過程中，整個房間或部分房間——包括牆壁、地板和天花板，都在工廠環境中建造，然後運輸到最終地點進行組裝。這種類型的建築既適用於永久性的模塊化項目，也適用於可移動的模塊化項目，其中包括不能移動的建築與可以移動的建築；如酒店與臨時教室。板式建築是指在工廠環境中建造內牆/外牆板，然後運輸到建築工地並在工地上布置的過程。建築物的其餘部分在現場建造。What does 'modular construction' mean exactly?Per the Modular Building Institute, the foremost resource on the topic, 「modular construction is a process in which a building is constructed off-site, under controlled plant conditions, using the same materials and designing to the same codes and standards as conventionally built facilities – but in about half the time." Modular construction is also a bit of an umbrella term that includes a couple of different types of construction:
Volumetric modular construction (preferred by the Modular Building Institute) is a process in which entire rooms or sections of rooms—complete with walls, floors, and ceilings—are built in a factory setting and then transported to a final site for assembly. This type of construction is used for both permanent and relocatable modular projects (buildings that aren’t designed to be moved versus those that are; think a hotel versus a temporary classroom).Panelized construction is a process in which interior and/or exterior wall panels are built in a factory setting and then transported to and arranged on the building site. The rest of the building is constructed on-site.
Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)
Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)與傳統施工方式相比，模塊化施工有什麼好處？真的能節約成本嗎？模塊化施工當然可以節約成本，但這不是它的主要好處。模塊化建造的主要好處是節省時間，加快投資回報。由於模塊化建築允許工業化裝配與現場準備同時進行，因此可以大大縮短建築結構的總時間。通常在場地準備好的時候（地基平整、管道鋪設、混凝土澆築等），工廠建造的模塊就可以放置了。例如，一個模塊化建造的酒店可以比傳統建造的酒店提前30%-50%的時間開業，並開始創收。其他好處包括提高工人的安全性（工人都在安全、可控的環境中工作，而不是在不穩定的高空或不太可控的環境中工作），提高生產率，增加進度的確定性（通過模塊化施工，延遲變更和天氣延誤的機會被大大減少），以及提高成本的可預測性。What are the benefits of modular construction compared to traditional construction methods? Is it really cost-saving? Modular construction certainly can save costs, but that isn’t its primary benefit. The primary benefit of modular construction is time saving and faster return on investment. Since modular construction allows for industrialized assembly that happens concurrently with site preparation, the total time it takes to build a structure can be dramatically reduced. Often by the time the site is ready (foundation levelled, plumbing in place, concrete poured, etc.) the factory-built modules are ready to be placed. A modularly-built hotel, for example, can open its doors and start generating revenue 30%-50% sooner than a traditionally-built hotel.Other benefits include greater worker safety (workers are all working in a safe, controlled environment as opposed to working at precarious heights and/or in less controlled environments), improved productivity, increased schedule certainty (late change orders and weather delays are greatly minimized with modular construction), and improved cost predictability.
Amy Barkow
Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)模塊化建築是否具有可持續性？模塊化建築被認為是比傳統建築方法更可持續的選擇，原因有幾個。
更好的靈活性和再利用性。模塊化建築可以拆卸，模塊可以重新安置或翻新，以滿足新的用途，從而減少對原材料的需求，並儘量減少為滿足新的需求而消耗的能源。減少材料浪費。在工廠建設時，通過回收材料、控制庫存、保護建築材料，避免浪費。改善空氣品質。由於模塊化結構基本上是在工廠控制的環境中使用乾燥材料完成的，因此消除了新建築中可能存在的大量溼氣。Is modular construction sustainable?Modular construction is considered a more sustainable option than traditional construction methods for a few reasons:
Greater flexibility and reuse. Modular buildings can be disassembled and the modules relocated or refurbished for new use, reducing the demand for raw materials and minimizing the amount of energy expended to meet the new need.Less material waste. When building in a factory, waste is eliminated by recycling materials, controlling inventory, and protecting building materials.Improved air quality. Because the modular structure is substantially completed in a factory-controlled setting using dry materials, the potential for high levels of moisture being trapped in the new construction is eliminated.
Jan Bitter
Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)它可以用於任何類型的建築嗎？在哪些情況下選擇模塊化建築比傳統方法更方便？任何類型的建築都可以用模塊化方式建造。但要做到這一點，必須對建築進行這樣的構思和設計。在時間緊迫或空間有限的情況下，往往會選擇模塊化建築。例如，在歐洲，城市地段往往受到道路和其他建築物的限制，因此傳統的建築方式（將材料和工人長時間運到現場）可能會非常困難。而採用模塊化建築，你只需要一臺起重機和較少的人員，就可以在更短的時間內把建築搭建起來。而且，在狹窄的城市中，減少噪音汙染也是一大優勢。Can it be used for any type of building? In which cases is it convenient to choose modular construction rather than traditional methods?Any type of building can be built modularly. But to do so, the building has to be conceived of and designed as such. Modular construction is often chosen when time is of the essence or space is at a premium. For example, in Europe, urban lots are very often constrained by roads and other buildings, so building traditionally (bringing materials and workers onsite for an extended period of time) can be prohibitive. With modular construction, you need a crane and far less personnel to erect the building in less time. And, in tight urban locations, the reduction of noise pollution is an added benefit.
Courtesy of Ola Roald Arkitektur
Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)採用它的具體技術要求是什麼？例如，是否有安全要求或設計限制？傳統的施工可能是一個比較流暢的過程，在這個過程中，設計變更甚至在施工開始後才被引入，這通常會造成工期延誤，而模塊化施工則需要專業設計人員進行合作，並在前期完成他們的工作。正是在這個過程中，最值得注意的是，模塊化建築通常依靠先進的BIM來評估能源性能，並確定最具成本效益的效率措施，然後將設計交給製造商進行工業化預製和施工。What are the specific technical requirements to adopt it? For example, are there security requirements or design constraints?Whereas traditional construction can be a more fluid process wherein design changes are introduced even after construction has begun (often causing delays), modular construction requires design professionals to collaborate and complete their work upfront. It’s during this process that modular construction—permanent modular construction, most notably—usually relies on advanced BIM to assess energy performance and identify the most cost-effective efficiency measures. The designs are then turned over to the manufacturer for industrialized prefabrication and construction.
Guilherme Jordani就設計限制而言，模塊化建築是按照與傳統建築相同的建築規範和規格建造的，與普通建築幾乎沒有區別。從單戶住宅到多層辦公樓，模塊化的建築方式可以在任何地方使用。As far as design constraints, modular buildings are built to the same building codes and specifications as traditional buildings and are virtually indistinguishable from their 「stick-built」 counterparts. From single-family homes to multi-story office buildings, modular construction can be used anywhere.
Courtesy of Modular Building Institute (MBI)
Dominique Wehrli
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