原創 柳葉刀 柳葉刀TheLancet
《柳葉刀-呼吸病學》(The Lancet Respiratory Medicine)近日在線發表由同濟大學附屬上海市肺科醫院周彩存教授牽頭的一項隨機、開放、多中心的III期臨床試驗,旨在評估卡瑞利珠單抗聯合卡鉑和培美曲塞對比化療一線治療晚期非鱗非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)的抗腫瘤活性和安全性。研究結果顯示,卡瑞利珠單抗組中位OS達27.9個月。這是全球首個針對中國人群的非小細胞肺癌一線免疫聯合化療的III期研究,也是第一個公布OS結果的中國自主研發免疫檢查點抑制劑一線治療晚期NSCLC的研究。我們邀請作者團隊對文章進行解讀。
作者介紹
周彩存
教授,同濟大學附屬上海肺科醫院腫瘤科主任,同濟大學醫學院腫瘤研究所所長,中國臨床腫瘤學會執行委員,中國臨床腫瘤學會非小細胞專委會主任委員,國際肺癌研究學會董事會委員(IASLC BOD),擅長肺癌的早期診斷、靶向治療、綜合治療及個體化治療。
文章解讀
一直以來,驅動基因陰性的晚期非鱗狀非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)的主要一線治療方案為含鉑雙藥化療。直到2018年8月,貝伐珠單抗聯合含鉑雙藥化療被批准用於治療晚期非鱗狀非小細胞肺癌。然而,這一方案的中位總生存期只有10.3至24.3個月,仍不令人滿意,亟需更有效的一線治療方案[1-3]。多項高質量的全球範圍的臨床試驗表明,PD-1抑制劑(或PD-L1抑制劑)聯合化療與化療相比可以顯著改善晚期非鱗狀非小細胞肺癌的無進展生存期和總生存期,並且與PD-L1表達水平無關[4-7]。然而,目前為止尚無針對中國患者的PD-1抑制劑(或PD-L1抑制劑)聯合化療用於一線治療晚期NSCLC的研究。由於不同人種和民族之間的腫瘤生物學行為、疾病特徵和基因組突變各不相同,導致了對同一種治療的反應不同。PD-1抑制劑或PD-L1抑制劑聯合化療用於一線治療晚期非鱗NSCLC對於中國人群的有效性仍有待驗證。
卡瑞利珠單抗(SHR-1210)是一種人源化的抗PD-1單克隆抗體。數項I期、II期和III期研究已經報導了卡瑞利珠單抗在多種腫瘤中均具有抗腫瘤活性和良好的安全性[8-15]。在一項II期研究中,卡瑞利珠單抗治療既往經過治療的晚期NSCLC,客觀緩解率達到18.5%,中位無進展生存期達到3.2個月,中位總生存期達到19.4個月,在數值上優於多西他賽二線治療的歷史數據。
基於卡瑞利珠單抗既往研究的成果,考慮到鉑類藥物聯合培美曲塞具有提高抗腫瘤免疫反應的潛力,我們開展了一項隨機、開放標籤、多中心的III期臨床試驗,在中國患者人群中,比較卡瑞利珠單抗聯合卡鉑和培美曲塞對比化療一線治療EGFR和ALK突變陰性晚期非鱗非小細胞肺癌的療效。納入標準要求受試者年齡處於18-70歲,組織學或細胞學確診的IIIB-IV期非鱗NSCLC,無EGFR和ALK基因突變,既往未接受過全身化療,存在至少一個可測量病灶(RECIST 1.1標準),ECOG PS評分0或1分。(Table 1)
Table 1: Baseline characteristics
受試者以1:1的比例隨機分配進入卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組和化療組,性別和吸菸史作為分層因素。受試者接受卡瑞利珠單抗(200mg)聯合卡鉑(AUC=5)和培美曲塞(500mg/m2)或卡鉑(AUC=5)聯合培美曲塞(500mg/m2)治療,每3周一次,治療4-6個周期後,接受卡瑞利珠單抗加培美曲塞或培美曲塞單藥維持治療,直至出現疾病進展、不可耐受的毒性、死亡、受試者撤回知情同意、或研究者決定終止治療。卡瑞利珠單抗治療總時長不超過2年。化療組的受試者在疾病進展後允許接受卡瑞利珠單抗單藥治療。研究的主要終點是BICR評估的PFS和PD-L1陽性患者的PFS。次要終點包括OS,研究者評估的PFS,ORR,DCR,DoR,TTR和安全性。
在2017年5月12日至2018年6月6日之間,我們對中國52所醫院的845例患者進行了篩選。在符合納入標準接受隨機分配的419例受試者中,有7例(卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組4例,化療組3例)未接受治療,有412人接受了分配的治療(205例接受卡瑞利珠單抗加化療,207例接受了化療)。兩組之間的基線特徵基本達到良好平衡。中期分析的中位隨訪時間為11.9個月(IQR 9.0–14.9)。卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組中的71例(35%)患者和化療組中的32例(15%)患者仍在接受分配的治療。在分配的治療進展後,卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組中的75例(37%)患者和化療組中的120例(58%)患者接受了至少一種後續的抗腫瘤治療。在化療組中,研究治療結束後,有79例(38%)患者交叉接受卡瑞利珠單抗單藥治療,另外有9例(4%)患者接受了其他抗PD-1單抗的單藥或與其他療法聯合的治療。(Figure 1)
Figure 1: Trial profile
*12 patients did not complete screening within the scheduling window, two were excluded due to investigator's decision, one failed to complete pulmonary examinations due to pain, one had unknown status of EGFR and ALK mutations due to limited tumour tissue, one refused to participant in study, and one was excluded due to death. †In the camrelizumab plus chemotherapy group, four patients did not receive the assigned treatment after being randomly assigned due to consent withdrawal, misrandomisation, protocol violation, and detection of a squamous tumour (one for each reason). In the chemotherapy alone group, three patients did not receive the assigned treatment after being randomly assigned owing to consent withdrawal. ‡Seven patients (three in the camrelizumab plus chemotherapy group vs four in chemotherapy alone group) permanently discontinued assigned treatment due to the specified treatment being withheld longer than the protocol acceptable time limit (12 weeks for camrelizumab; 9 weeks for chemotherapy). No patients were lost to follow-up before treatment discontinuation.
根據BICR評估的結果,卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組的中位無進展生存期(PFS)為11.3個月[95% CI 9.6–15.4],化療組的中位PFS為8.3個月[95% CI 6.0–9.7](HR 0.60 [0.45–0.79]; p=0.0001)。卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組的12個月PFS率為49.6%(41.7%–57.1%),化療組為35.1% (27.0%–43.2%)。對於PD-L1表達水平≥1%的患者,卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組的中位PFS為15.4個月(11.0–未達到),化療組的中位PFS為9.9個月(5.7–12.4)(HR 0.56 [0.39–0.82]; p=0.0011)。(Figure 2)
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier estimates for progression-free survival per blinded independent central review
(A) Kaplan-Meier curves of progression-free survival. The hazard ratio was estimated from a stratified Cox proportional hazards model. Comparisons between groups were analysed using stratified one-sided log-rank test. Stratified factors included sex (male versus female) and smoking history (≥20 pack-years vs <20 pack years or never). (B) Subgroup analysis of progression-free survival. For sex and smoking history, the hazard ratio was estimated from an unstratified Cox proportional hazards model with treatment as the fixed effect. For other variables, the hazard ratio was estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model stratified by sex (male versus female) and smoking history (≥20 pack-years vs <20 pack-years or never), with treatment as the fixed effect. *Assessed by blinded independent central review.
截至2020年2月25日,我們對總生存期OS進行了進一步分析。中位隨訪時間為19.3個月(IQR 9.8-23.7),其中卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組有92例(45%)死亡,化療組113例(55%)死亡。化療組的中位OS為20.5個月(95%CI 15.9-24.4),而卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組的中位OS達到27.9個月(95%CI,21.9-未達到)。
根據BICR評估的結果,卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組205例受試者中有124例達到客觀緩解,客觀緩解率(ORR)達到60.5%(95% CI 53.4–67.2%),化療組207例受試者中有80例達到客觀緩解,ORR為38.6%(95% CI 32.0%–45.7%)。卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組中的180例受試者達到疾病控制(87.8% [95% CI 82.5–92.0]),化療組中的154例達到疾病控制(74.4% [95% CI 67.9–80.2%])。中位緩解持續時間(DoR)為17.6(95% CI 11.6–未到達)對9.9個月(95% CI 8.4–13.8);中位起效時間(TTR)為1.5 (IQR 1.4–2.8)對2.7個月(IQR 1.4–3.0)。
安全性方面,卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療組和化療組的≥3級治療相關不良事件發生率分別為69%和47%。最常見的免疫相關不良事件包括反應性皮膚毛細血管增生症(159 [78%]),丙氨酸轉氨酶升高(25 [12%]),天冬氨酸轉氨酶升高(23[11%])和甲狀腺功能減退(21[10%])。157例(77%)患者發生1或2級反應性皮膚毛細血管增生症,僅有2例(<1%)患者發生3級反應性皮膚毛細血管增生症。(Table 2)
Table 2: Treatment-related adverse events and serious treatment-related adverse events in each group
在這項III期臨床試驗中,卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療顯著延長了EGFR/ALK突變陰性晚期非鱗NSCLC患者的無進展生存期,這是第一個免疫檢查點抑制劑聯合化療治療後中位PFS超過10個月的臨床試驗。雖然OS仍在繼續隨訪中,但是卡瑞利珠單抗聯合化療對比化療能夠顯著延長總生存期的趨勢已經顯而易見。該研究是第一個針對中國患者人群的免疫治療聯合化療作為非鱗NSCLC一線治療的III期臨床試驗,為中國晚期非鱗狀非小細胞肺癌患者提供了新的一線治療選擇。END
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