1現在分詞的一般式doing,
現在分詞的一般式所表示的動作與句中謂語動詞同時發生。
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.一看到貓，老鼠就跑了。
2 現在分詞的完成式 having done
現在分詞的完成式所表示的動作先於句中謂語動詞發生。
The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.暴風雨離開了，給這個地區造成諸多破壞。
3 現在分詞的被動式 being done
現在分詞的被動式表示與謂語動作同時發生的被動動作。
Being protected by many guards, he felt safe.由於有很多警衛保護，他覺得很安全。
4 現在分詞的完成被動式 having been done
現在分詞的完成被動式表示發生在謂語動作之前的被動動作。
Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy. 由於沒有被邀請，他感到很不高興。
5 現在分詞的否定式在其前面加not
Not having completed the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 由於沒有完成計劃，他們不得不在那裡再呆兩個星期。
6現在分詞作狀語的基本用法
1）表示時間
Walking along the street, I met Mary. (=While I was walking along the street,…) 在街上散步的時候，我遇見了瑪麗。
2）表示原因
Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (=Because I was tired,…)
因為疲勞，我停下來休息。
3）表示條件
Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn to the left,…)
向左轉，你就會找到那所學校。
4）表示讓步
Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. (=Though he knows where I live, …) 雖然他知道我的住址，但他從不來看我。
5)表示伴隨/方式
I stood there, waiting for her. (=…，and waited for her.)我站在那兒等她。
6）表示結果:現在分詞表示自然而然的結果
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing a delay.他們的汽車遇上了交通堵塞， 因而耽擱了。thus 副詞，修飾causing。
7 現在分詞作狀語表示分詞動作的執行者（邏輯主語）就是句子的主語，有時候這類結構可以看作狀語從句的省略。
When crossing the street,do be careful.過馬路時，務必要小心。
As long as going into the reading room, you should keep quiet.只要進入閱覽室，你就應該保持安靜。
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to the university. 儘管缺少錢，他的父母還是設法送他上了大學。
8 當現在分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，而是一個名詞或代詞時，這種帶邏輯主語的現在分詞是獨立主格結構的一種。獨立主格結構和分詞一樣，在句中作狀語。有時也可使用從句。
Time permitting,we』ll come to see you.如果時間允許，我們就來看你。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已經賣光了，他們失望地離開了。
9少數現在分詞（短語）沒有邏輯主語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。
Generally speaking一般來說 judging from/by由…來判斷 seeing…/considering…考慮到 providing that…如果…
supposing即使；如果…… assuming…假使……
Judging from his accent, he is from the south.從他的口音來判斷，他是南方人。
Considering your health, you』d better have a rest.考慮到你的健康，你最好休息一下。
10 過去分詞作狀語，表示該動詞與句子的主語之間是被動關係。
Moved by the young man』s heroic deed, I couldn』t hold back my tears.
被這個青年的英勇行為所感動，我禁不住留下了眼淚。
習題
1 Whenever he was asked why he was late, he would answer carelessly, always _____(say) the same thing.
2 The manager, ______ (make) it clear to us that he didn』t agree with us, left the meeting room.
3 He was busy writing a story, only _____(stop) once in a while to eat some food.
4 The old man,_____(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to the motherland.
5 When _____help, one often says 「Thank you」or 「It』s kind of you.」
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
6 ____ a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C Dressing D. Having dressed
答案 1saying
2 having made經理明確表示他不同意我們的觀點後，就離開了會議室。
3 stopping 他忙於寫一個故事，只是偶爾停下來吃一些東西。once in a while偶爾
4 having worked 5 D 過去分詞表被動
6 A 穿著白色的制服，他看起來更像一個廚師而不是醫生。