醫療小丑有助於兒科患者的症狀管理與心理健康
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/12/19 16:15:11
巴西聖埃斯皮裡圖聯邦大學Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior團隊研究了醫療小丑對兒科症狀管理的有效性。2020年12月16日,該研究發表在《英國醫學雜誌》上。
為了評估醫療小丑對因急慢性疾病住院的兒童和青少年的一系列症狀群的有效性,研究組在Medline、Science Direct、Scopus等大型資料庫中檢索隨機和非隨機對照試驗,包括對急慢性疾病入院的兒童和青少年使用醫療小丑與標準治療的比較研究,以及評估醫療小丑對住院兒童和青少年症狀管理的影響,並將其作為主要結果的研究。
共有24項研究(n=1612)符合數據提取和分析的納入標準,其中13項為隨機對照試驗。最常分析的症狀是焦慮(13項),其次是疼痛(9項)、心理和情感反應以及幸福感(4項)、壓力(4項)、癌症相關疲勞(3項)和哭泣(2項)。有五項研究使用了生物標誌物,主要是皮質醇,來評估醫療小丑表演後患兒的壓力或疲勞結局。
大多數隨機對照試驗(11項:85%)被評為有一定關聯,而兩項試驗被認為具有較高的偏倚風險。大多數非隨機對照試驗(6項,55%)被評為中等偏倚風險。研究表明,無論是否有家長在場,當醫療小丑出現時,兒童和青少年在一系列醫療過程中表現出的焦慮程度顯著降低,心理適應能力也有所改善。三項評估慢性疾病的研究顯示,醫療小丑的幹預效果良好,能顯著減輕兒童和青少年患者的壓力、疲勞、疼痛和痛苦。
研究結果表明,在醫療程序、術前手術室麻醉誘導以及作為慢性疾病常規治療的一部分,醫療小丑的存在可能有益於管理某些症狀群。與那些只接受標準治療的兒童和青少年相比,醫療小丑可能有助於改善患有急慢性疾病的住院兒童和青少年的心理健康。
附:英文原文
Title: Effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom management in paediatrics: systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials
Author: Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior, Emiliana Bomfim, Karin Olson, Eliane Tatsch Neves, Denise Sayuri Calheiros Silveira, Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues Nunes, Lucila Castanheira Nascimento, Gabriela Pereira-da-Silva, Regina Aparecida Garcia Lima
Issue&Volume: 2020/12/16
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of hospital clowns for a range of symptom clusters in children and adolescents admitted to hospital with acute and chronic conditions.
Design Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials.
Data sources Medline, ISI of Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct, Scopus, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature.
Study selection Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were peer reviewed using the following eligibility criteria: children and adolescents who were admitted to hospital for acute conditions or chronic disorders, studies comparing use of hospital clowns with standard care, and studies evaluating the effect of hospital clowns on symptom management of inpatient children and adolescents as a primary outcome.
Data extraction and synthesis Two investigators independently screened studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Methodological appraisal was assessed by two investigators independently using the Jadad scale, the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2), and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomised controlled trials.
Results 24 studies (n=1612) met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analysis. Most studies were randomised controlled trials (n=13). Anxiety was the most frequently analysed symptom (n=13), followed by pain (n=9), psychological and emotional responses and perceived wellbeing (n=4), stress (n=4), cancer related fatigue (n=3), and crying (n=2). Five studies used biomarkers, mainly cortisol, to assess stress or fatigue outcome following hospital clowns. Most of the randomised controlled trials (n=11; 85%) were rated as showing some concerns, and two trials were rated with a high risk of bias. Most non-randomised controlled trials (n=6; 55%) were rated with a moderate risk of bias according to ROBINS-I tool. Studies showed that children and adolescents who were in the presence of hospital clowns, either with or without a parent present, reported significantly less anxiety during a range of medical procedures, as well as improved psychological adjustment (P<0.05). Three studies that evaluated chronic conditions showed favourable results for the intervention of hospital clowns with significant reduction in stress, fatigue, pain, and distress (P<0.05).
Conclusions These findings suggest that the presence of hospital clowns during medical procedures, induction of anaesthesia in the preoperative room, and as part of routine care for chronic conditions might be a beneficial strategy to manage some symptom clusters. Furthermore, hospital clowns might help improve psychological wellbeing in admitted children and adolescents with acute and chronic disorders, compared with those who received only standard care.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4290
Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4290