先來回顧一下2018年諾貝爾各獎項的揭曉時間吧。
1-8 October
2018 Nobel Prize announcements
Physiology or Medicine - Monday 1 October, 11:30 a.m. at the earliest
Physics - Tuesday 2 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
Chemistry - Wednesday 3 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
Peace - Friday 5 October, 11:00 a.m.
Economic Sciences - Monday 8 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
The Swedish Academy has decided to postpone the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature, with the intention of awarding it in 2019.
Times listed are local time in Sweden and Norway.
據諾貝爾獎官網消息，2018年諾貝爾獎揭曉時間如下：
生理學或醫學獎：10月1日11:30，北京時間10月1日17:30左右；
物理學獎：10月2日11:45，北京時間10月2日17:45左右；
化學獎：10月3日11:45，北京時間10月3日17:45左右；
經濟學獎：10月8日11:45，北京時間10月8日17:45左右；
和平獎：10月5日11:00，北京時間10月5日17:00左右；
文學獎揭曉時間延後至2019年。
當地時間10月5日，2018年諾貝爾和平獎在挪威揭曉。挪威諾貝爾委員會宣布，將2018年諾貝爾和平獎授予剛果（金）醫生穆克維格（Denis Mukwege）和伊拉克雅茲迪族少女穆拉德（Nadia Murad），以表彰他們為終止將性暴力用作戰爭和武裝衝突的武器方面作出的努力。
The Nobel Peace Prize 2018 was awarded jointly to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad "for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
AnnouncementThe Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2018 to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. Both laureates have made a crucial contribution to focusing attention on, and combating, such war crimes. Denis Mukwege is the helper who has devoted his life to defending these victims. Nadia Murad is the witness who tells of the abuses perpetrated against herself and others. Each of them in their own way has helped to give greater visibility to war-time sexual violence, so that the perpetrators can be held accountable for their actions.
The physician Denis Mukwege has spent large parts of his adult life helping the victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since the Panzi Hospital was established in Bukavu in 1999, Dr. Mukwege and his staff have treated thousands of patients who have fallen victim to such assaults. Most of the abuses have been committed in the context of a long-lasting civil war that has cost the lives of more than six million Congolese.
Denis Mukwege is the foremost, most unifying symbol, both nationally and internationally, of the struggle to end sexual violence in war and armed conflicts. His basic principle is that 「justice is everyone’s business」. Men and women, officers and soldiers, and local, national and international authorities alike all have a shared responsibility for reporting, and combating, this type of war crime. The importance of Dr. Mukwege’s enduring, dedicated and selfless efforts in this field cannot be overstated. He has repeatedly condemned impunity for mass rape and criticised the Congolese government and other countries for not doing enough to stop the use of sexual violence against women as a strategy and weapon of war.
Nadia Murad is herself a victim of war crimes. She refused to accept the social codes that require women to remain silent and ashamed of the abuses to which they have been subjected. She has shown uncommon courage in recounting her own sufferings and speaking up on behalf of other victims.
Nadia Murad is a member of the Yazidi minority in northern Iraq, where she lived with her family in the remote village of Kocho. In August 2014 the Islamic State (IS) launched a brutal, systematic attack on the villages of the Sinjar district, aimed at exterminating the Yazidi population. In Nadia Murad’s village, several hundred people were massacred. The younger women, including underage children, were abducted and held as sex slaves. While a captive of the IS, Nadia Murad was repeatedly subjected to rape and other abuses. Her assaulters threatened to execute her if she did not convert to their hateful, inhuman version of Islam.
Nadia Murad is just one of an estimated 3 000 Yazidi girls and women who were victims of rape and other abuses by the IS army. The abuses were systematic, and part of a military strategy. Thus they served as a weapon in the fight against Yazidis and other religious minorities.
After a three-month nightmare Nadia Murad managed to flee. Following her escape, she chose to speak openly about what she had suffered. In 2016, at the age of just 23, she was named the UN’s first Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking.
This year marks a decade since the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1820 (2008), which determined that the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict constitutes both a war crime and a threat to international peace and security. This is also set out in the Rome Statute of 1998, which governs the work of the International Criminal Court. The Statute establishes that sexual violence in war and armed conflict is a grave violation of international law. A more peaceful world can only be achieved if women and their fundamental rights and security are recognised and protected in war.
This year’s Nobel Peace Prize is firmly embedded in the criteria spelled out in Alfred Nobel’s will. Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad have both put their personal security at risk by courageously combating war crimes and seeking justice for the victims. They have thereby promoted the fraternity of nations through the application of principles of international law.
Oslo, 5 October 2018
剛果（金）醫生丹尼斯·穆克維格被認為是該國性暴力受害婦女的拯救者，他為當地東部地區受性暴力摧殘的女性提供救助。環球網早前稱，穆克維格在當地成立一家醫院以及一個基金會，為受害女性進行醫治。有消息稱，穆克維格完成在法國的學業後本有機會留在法國，儘管剛果（金）充斥暴力，他仍選擇回到祖國。他也在2014年獲得了歐洲議會最高人權獎薩哈羅夫獎。
丹尼斯·穆克瓦格曾於2016年獲得首爾和平獎。當時他接受韓聯社採訪時表示，日本應接受慰安婦受害者的要求，向受害者請求寬恕。
他說，他在訪韓之前在日本東京參觀了慰安婦紀念館，並觀看了慰安婦作證視頻，這給他留下深刻印象。他還說，70多年來，慰安婦受害者在痛苦中度日，她們唯有接受心理治療，在經濟、社會上實現自立，重新找回正義，才能完全得到治癒。
據此前報導，伊拉克雅茲迪族女子穆拉德（Nadia Murad）曾淪為「伊斯蘭國」組織(IS)的性奴。她在熬過夢魘般的3個月後，於2年前逃脫。穆拉德力促擊敗IS，讓該恐怖組織頭目以種族滅絕罪受審。
下面是諾獎官網的採訪：
Interview with Denis Mukwege
5 October 2018
Denis Mukwege: Hello.
Adam Smith: Hello, is this Denis Mukwege?
Denis Mukwege: Yes.
Adam Smith: First of all, many congratulations on the award of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Denis Mukwege: I…I need a little bit of time to really be able to talk, but it was so touching when I was operating and I hear [heard] people start to cry and it was so, so touching.
Adam Smith: That’s lovely. So, you were operating when you heard the news?
Denis Mukwege: Exactly.
Adam Smith: How…how very appropriate.
Denis Mukwege: No, it…on Friday, my programme is of course…of course operating and this morning, I started my programme normally and it was good because I was just at the end of the…the second operation, when suddenly start to, start to just to cry and…and make a noise. But really, I can see in the faces of many women how they are happy to be recognised, and this is really so touching.