科學家繪製出大麥的泛基因組圖譜
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/11/27 13:39:49
德國哥廷根大學Nils Stein等研究人員合作繪製出大麥的泛基因組圖譜。2020年11月25日，《自然》雜誌在線發表了這項成果。
研究人員報導了具有全球大麥多樣性代表的20種大麥（包括地方品種、栽培品種和野生大麥）基因型的染色體規模序列組裝。研究人員對基因組存在/不存在變體進行了分類，並探索了通過300個基因庫種質的全基因組霰彈槍測序對結構變體進行定量遺傳分析的方法。研究人員發現了豐富倒位多態性，並詳細分析了當前優質大麥種質中經常發現的兩個倒位。一種可能是突變育種的產物，另一種可能與涉及地理範圍擴展的基因座緊密相關。該大麥泛基因組使得以前未知的遺傳變異可用於遺傳研究和育種。
據介紹，遺傳多樣性是作物改良的關鍵。由於普遍的基因組結構變異，單個參考基因組裝配無法捕獲農作物物種（稱為「泛基因組」 ）序列多樣性的全部補充。多個高質量序列裝配體是全基因組基礎設施必不可少的組成部分。大麥（Hordeum vulgare L.）是一種重要的穀物作物，具有悠久的栽培歷史，可適應多種農業氣候條件。
附：英文原文
Title: The barley pan-genome reveals the hidden legacy of mutation breeding
Author: Murukarthick Jayakodi, Sudharsan Padmarasu, Georg Haberer, Venkata Suresh Bonthala, Heidrun Gundlach, Ccile Monat, Thomas Lux, Nadia Kamal, Daniel Lang, Axel Himmelbach, Jennifer Ens, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Tefera T. Angessa, Gaofeng Zhou, Cong Tan, Camilla Hill, Penghao Wang, Miriam Schreiber, Lori B. Boston, Christopher Plott, Jerry Jenkins, Yu Guo, Anne Fiebig, Hikmet Budak, Dongdong Xu, Jing Zhang, Chunchao Wang, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Ganggang Guo, Guoping Zhang, Keiichi Mochida, Takashi Hirayama, Kazuhiro Sato, Kenneth J. Chalmers, Peter Langridge, Robbie Waugh, Curtis J. Pozniak, Uwe Scholz, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Manuel Spannagl, Chengdao Li, Martin Mascher, Nils Stein
Issue&Volume: 2020-11-25
Abstract: Genetic diversity is key to crop improvement. Owing to pervasive genomic structural variation, a single reference genome assembly cannot capture the full complement of sequence diversity of a crop species (known as the 『pan-genome』1). Multiple high-quality sequence assemblies are an indispensable component of a pan-genome infrastructure. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop with a long history of cultivation that is adapted to a wide range of agro-climatic conditions2. Here we report the construction of chromosome-scale sequence assemblies for the genotypes of 20 varieties of barley—comprising landraces, cultivars and a wild barley—that were selected as representatives of global barley diversity. We catalogued genomic presence/absence variants and explored the use of structural variants for quantitative genetic analysis through whole-genome shotgun sequencing of 300 gene bank accessions. We discovered abundant large inversion polymorphisms and analysed in detail two inversions that are frequently found in current elite barley germplasm; one is probably the product of mutation breeding and the other is tightly linked to a locus that is involved in the expansion of geographical range. This first-generation barley pan-genome makes previously hidden genetic variation accessible to genetic studies and breeding.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2947-8
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2947-8