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So hot today.
今天可真熱。
You know what?
你猜我要怎麼著？
I don't need pants for this video.
我就把褲子脫了，錄這期視頻吧。
Whew.
哇嗚。
Hey, everyone.
嗨，大家好。
I'm Alex.
我叫亞歷克斯。
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on"Nouns That Are Always Plural".
感謝點開這段視頻，歡迎來到今天的課程《只有複數形式的名詞》。
So, if you know anything about count and noncount nouns, you know that count nouns can be singular or plural.
如果你知道名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，你也應該知道可數名詞有單數形式和複數形式。
"Cup", "cups"; "table", "tables"; "school", "schools".
"杯子"，"杯子的複數形式"; "桌子"，"桌子的複數形式"; "學校"，"學校的複數形式"。
But there are some nouns. . . The list is not very long, but there are some nouns that always stay plural, that only have a plural form, and today I'm going to talk about them.
但是有一些名詞……這樣的單詞不是很多，它們總是以複數形式出現，而且只有複數形式，今天就來講一講這些詞。
Now, I know some of you might have some issues, you know, trying to memorize some of these things.
But after today's lesson, I promise you: You're going to feel a lot better, a lot more confident, and you will be able to use these nouns correctly and confidently, which is really important, obviously, when you're learning and speaking a language.
可能有一些同學會有這樣的問題，就是記住所有這些單詞。
但是，學習了今天的課程之後，我保證：你會輕鬆許多，也會更自信，而且也能把這些名詞正確無誤地運用自如，當你在學習和運用一門語言的時候，這顯然是很重要的。
So. . .
所以……
Whew.
哇嗚。
That's better.
好多了。
I feel the air now.
現在，我感受到空氣了。
I feel the air.
感受到空氣了。
So:"clothes", the word"clothes"itself is permanently plural.
所以："clothes"這個詞本身就是一個複數，而且沒有單數。
Right?
明白嗎？
So you can say:"I have too many clothes".
因此你可以說："我有許多衣服。"
Not:"too much clothes", because even though it only has one form, some people say:"Do I have too much clothes or too many clothes"?
但不可以說："too much clothes"，因為即使只有一種形式，有些人會說："我有許多衣服嗎？（許多用much還是many）"
No, it's a plural, permanently plural, so you use"many" with the noun"clothes".
不，這是複數形式，只有複數形式，所以你應該使用"many"和名詞"clothes"搭配。
Okay?
明白嗎？
So:"I have too many clothes".
所以就可以說："我有許多衣服。"
You can't say. . .
但不可以說……
Do not say: " I have two clothes", or: "to clothes-es-es", don't do it.
不可以說："I have two clothes"，或者加es，不行的。
Okay?
明白了嗎？
So, just:"I have a lot of clothes.
所以就說："我有許多衣服。
I need new clothes.
我需要新衣服。
I need some new clothes".
我需要一些新衣服。"
That's okay.
這就可以了。
If you want to count clothes, there is a way, but you don't use the word"clothes", you use the word"clothing"and you use the quantifier expression of"articles of clothing".
如果你想數數有幾件衣服，可以這樣，但是不要使用"clothes"這個單詞，你可以使用"clothing"這個單詞，恰當的表達是"articles of clothing（表示幾件衣服）"。
Okay?
明白了嗎？
So:"There are 3 new articles of clothing in my closet".
所以可以這樣說："我的衣櫃裡有3件新衣服。"
Otherwise:"clothes".
或者用："clothes"。
"I have a lot of clothes, too many clothes".
"我有許多衣服，很多的衣服。"
Okay?
明白了嗎？
"I need new clothes".
"我需要新衣服。"
Continuing on, I've separated the second part of this video into three sections.
繼續，我把視頻的第二項內容分成了三個部分。
One: leg stuff; two: other stuff; three: other other stuff.
一、有關腿的東西；二、其他的東西；三、其他以外的東西。
By the way, "leg stuff" is not a technical term at all, but stick with me.
順便一提，"有關腿的東西"可不是什麼專業術語，跟上我的節奏，聽下去吧。
So, basically anything that you can, like, pull up on your legs, like the pants that I had and I no longer have, you can use in a permanent plural.
通常來說，只要能穿到你腿上的，就像我剛才穿著又脫了的褲子，你就可以一直使用複數。
Okay?
明白了嗎？
So, what are some examples of leg stuff, things you can put on your legs?
那麼，舉一些有關腿的例子，你可以穿到腿上的？
One, very general:"pants".
一、很常見："褲子"。
Okay?
對吧？
You can say:"I need new pants".
你可以說："我需要新褲子。"
If you want to count pants or any of the other things I'm going to talk about related to clothes, you can also say:" I need a new pair".
如果你打算數一數褲子有幾條，就用類似表示衣服件數的詞，你可以用："I need a new pair（我需要一條褲子）"。
So,"a pair" means two.
這裡，"a pair"就是一對的意思。
Now, again, legs have. . .
現在繼續，腿上的東西……
Leg stuff, pants, jeans, etc. , you have two legs and you put one and then the other, so this is a pair.
腿上的東西例如，褲子、牛仔褲等等，兩條腿，穿上這條再穿那條，這樣就是一對。
So you can say:"I need a new pair of pants", or"a new pair of jeans", or"a new pair of shorts", for example.
所以你可以說："我需要一條新褲子"，或"一條新牛仔褲"，或者"一條新短褲"，這類似的。
And you can also just say:"I need new pants", "new shorts", "new jeans", "new overalls".
你也可以說："我需要新褲子"，"新短褲"，"新牛仔褲"，"新工裝褲"。
If you don't know what"overalls"are, I've drawn you a little picture.
如果你不知道什麼是"工裝褲"，那我給你畫個圖。
If you know Super Mario Brothers, Super Mario and Luigi wear overalls.
如果你知道超級馬裡奧遊戲，裡面的馬裡奧和路易基穿的就是工裝褲。
A lot of, you know, people who work in factories have to wear clothes that cover their whole bodies from the legs all the way up, these are overalls.
你們都知道，許多在工廠工作的工人穿著包裹到上身的褲子，這就是工裝褲。
"Leggings", so leggings and"tights", these are very similar.
"健美褲"，"緊身褲"差不多一種東西。
When you think of leggings, think of tights.
當你想到健美褲，或者緊身褲。
You might think of a Shakespearean theatre, a Shakespearean play where the actors wear really tight, tight, tight, thin layers of pants to cover their legs, and usually they cover your feet as well.
你可能會想到莎士比亞的戲劇，莎士比亞戲劇裡的男演員的腿上會穿著很緊、很緊的薄褲子，通常這種褲子像長筒襪一樣。
Right?
明白了嗎？
So, yeah, leggings, tights.
嗯，對，這就是健美褲、緊身褲。
And"shorts".
然後是"短褲"。
Now, you might be thinking:"Well, Alex, what about that other thing that you put underneath your clothes that you're wearing"? that I'm wearing now, which is underwear.
現在，你可能會有這樣的問題："對了，亞歷克斯，那穿在你衣服裡面的衣服呢？"也就是我現在穿著的，這種叫做內衣。
Okay?
明白嗎？
Underwear is an exception to this rule.
內衣就屬於例外了。
We don't say, you know:"underwears"all the time, it's just"underwear"without a plural.
我們從來不會說："underwears"，我們只說"underwear"，不使用複數。
Okay?
明白了嗎？
But you still say:"two pairs of underwear", "three pairs of underwear", but just there's no"s"on the end of it.
但你也可以說："四件內衣"，"六件內衣"，但是不要在內衣這個單詞後面加"s"。
Okay?
明白了嗎？
So, just for pronunciation, just repeat after me with these words, guys:"pants", "jeans", "overalls", "shorts", "tights", " leggings".
下面，練習一下發音，跟我重複這些單詞："褲子"、"牛仔褲"、"工裝褲"、"短褲"、"緊身褲"、"健美褲"。
All right, continuing on with this, you can also say with other stuff that: "You need new", or"You need a new pair of scissors".
好的，我們繼續，我們來說其他的東西："你需要新的"或者說"你需要一把新剪刀。"
You use scissors to cut right?
你需要剪刀來剪東西，對吧？
In school, or at home.
在學校或者在家裡。
Or:"a new pair of glasses".
或者："一副眼鏡"。
So, I have a pair of glasses here.
那麼，我這裡有一副眼鏡。
Obviously these are not mine because they do not fit my face, but this is a pair of glasses.
當然這不是我的，很明顯，我的臉戴不上，不過這還是一副眼鏡。
Right?
對吧？
So, you don't say:"one glass".
所以，你不能說："one glass"。
They are always"glasses".
這個單詞必須這樣："glasses"，才表示眼鏡。
They are permanently plural.
一直是複數，沒有單數。
Okay?
明白嗎？
And I'm not going to break these so the person they belong to won't kill me, it would be nice.
我可別把它給摔壞了，不然主人可能會弄死我，放這就好多了。
Okay.
好的。
And finally, other other stuff: The word"thanks".
最後，其他以外的東西："thanks"這個單詞。
So"thanks"is a noun.
"thanks"是一個名詞。
We don't say"thank"?
為什麼不說"thank"？
You can say:"Thank you", that's totally fine, .
你完全可以說："謝謝你"。
But if you're just saying:"Thanks"or you want to use it as a noun as in you give thanks for something or you say thanks for something, you don't say:"Give thank"or"Say thank".
但是當你說："謝謝"或者想當作名詞用，表示感謝，或者說謝謝的時候，就不要說："Give thank"或者"Say thank"。
You give thanks.
你想表達感謝。
You say:"Thanks".
你就說："Thanks"。
Okay.
好的。
All right, guys, I'm actually getting a little cold now so I think it's time to wrap up this video.
哈德，夥計們，現在感覺有點冷了，那就結束這段視頻吧。
So, if you want to test your understanding of everything we've discussed here today, as always, you can check out the quiz on www. engvid. com and you can also subscribe to my YouTube channel, check me out on Facebook, check me out on Twitter.
And if you want to support what we do at engVid, don't forget to donate to the site.
如果你想支持我們的engVid，記得為我們網站捐贈。
There's a link attached to this video, or anytime you're on engVid just click on the"Support"link and help us to continue doing what we're doing for free for you guys.
這個視頻附帶了一個連結，或者只要你進入engVid網站，就可以點擊"支持"連結，就可以幫助我們繼續為大家免費提供學習服務。
So, till next time, thanks for clicking.
那麼，下期見，感謝收看。
Pants.
褲子。
I need my pants.
我需要我的褲子。