如何用爽網際網路,成為知識大V?_詳細解讀_最新資訊_熱點事件_36氪

編者按：本文來自微信公眾號「DannyData小丹尼」（ID:dannyteam），作者：小丹尼，36氪經授權發布。

B站讓我和老蔣來場辯論賽，人在北京，剛下共享單車，謝邀。我的立場是：網際網路填平了知識的鴻溝。

Bilibili invited Lao Jiang and me to have a debate. I’m in Beijing and I just got off a shared bike. Thanks for the invitation. My stand is: the Internet bridges the knowledge gap.

在這裡我想先問大家一個問題啊：你們從DannyData或「老蔣巨靠譜」的視頻裡學到了知識嗎？

Before we start, I would like to ask a question first: Have you learned anything from DannyData’s videos or Lao Jiang’s videos?

那我接著問：你們都在什麼地方看DannyData或「老蔣巨靠譜」呢？答案當然不是在中學大學的課本裡，也不在父母老師的說教裡，更不在期末考試的試卷裡，而是三個字：小破站，啊不，網際網路。

Then comes the next question: Where do you watch these videos? The answer is obviously not in the textbooks of middle schools or universities, or in the teaching of parents and teachers, or in the final examinations, but three words: on Bilibili, excurse me, on the Internet.

所以今天我將從三個方面來談談：網際網路填平了知識的鴻溝。

So today I will talk from three aspects about how the Internet bridges the knowledge gap.

我是小丹尼，談車說科技，本集視頻不再遵循我的標準：隨你反駁。而是：隨老蔣反駁。

I'm Danny. I talk about tech and cars. Today's video will not follow the usual standard — refute as you wish but refute as Old Jiang wishes.

01 知識不只「數理化"

先說第一點，知識不只「數理化"。

First, knowledge goes beyond the scope of mathematics, physics, and chemistry.

我們先要把「知識的定義"搞清楚，再去討論「網際網路填平了知識的鴻溝」。其實明確定義非常重要，我們不能像很多情侶吵架一樣，兩人對吵架原因的定義不同，男生在談「我到底錯在哪兒了」，女生在談「你認錯態度的到底好不好」，最終只能靠男生跪搓衣板或鍵盤來解決問題了。

Before discussing how the Internet bridges the knowledge gap, we should first clarify the definition of knowledge. Indeed, a clear definition is very important. Otherwise, we will just be like a couple in a fight, where two of them have different definitions of the cause of the argument. Usually, the man is talking about "What are my mistakes?", while the woman cares more about the partner’s manner and attitude. In the end, reconciliation can only be reached by the man’s kneeling on the washboard or the keyboard.

那知識的定義是什麼呢?

So what is the definition of knowledge?

我的答案是：知識不只是你在上學時期學到的「數理化」「文史哲」，而是包羅萬象的。

My answer is knowledge goes beyond the scope of mathematics, physics, and chemistry or the scope of literature, history, and philosophy. Knowledge is all-encompassing.

比如當你去網上刷湖人隊比賽去學習科比的腳步時，是體育知識嗎?當你在小破站的知識區，去看羅翔老師講張三的視頻時，是法律知識嗎?當你在網上搜羅看文藝、愛情、動作片時，是電影知識嗎?我猜有些同學不一定認為那是電影知識，可能是一些奇奇怪怪的知識，那畢竟也是知識啊。

For example, when you watch the Lakers games repeatedly and learn the footsteps from Kobe, don’t you gain sports knowledge? When you watch the videos of Professor Luo Xiang talking about the criminal cases of John Doe on Bilibili, don’t you gain legal knowledge? When you search for and watch the literary, romance, and action movies on the Internet, don’t you gain film knowledge? Well, I guess some of you do not necessarily think that's film knowledge, but some strange knowledge. Whatever, it is knowledge after all.

所以我們要明確一點：不是只有考試的知識，才叫知識。

Thus, we need to be clear that knowledge goes beyond what are examed.

換一個角度來說，生活本身就是要面對一場場考試，不是你畢業了就不再考試了，只不過考試的姿勢不同，比如我之前視頻裡講的面試最難題、領導交給你的任務什麼時候完成、該去哪兒約會、情人節該送什麼禮物等等，其實都是考試。

To put it another way, life itself is about facing tests. It will not end as you graduate but comes in different forms. As I mentioned in the previous videos, the most difficult question in the interview, tasks from your managers, places to date, gifts to show your love on Valentine's Day, etc., all of them are tests of life.

這裡我們要引入一個「丹尼知識漏鬥圖」，其實在我看來，很多人沒有搞懂「信息」、「知識」和「洞察」的區別，漏鬥圖分為三層，自上而下，人腦思考程度由淺入深：

Here I『m going to introduce a "Danny『s Funnel of Knowledge". In my opinion, many people do not recognize the difference between information, knowledge, and insight. The Funnel has three layers. From the top to the bottom, human thinking goes from shallow to deep:

先說第一層，信息。說白了就是在網際網路上誰都能發出聲音，但這些聲音到底是美妙旋律還是嘈雜噪音，需要人腦思考進一步通過篩選；

The first stage is the information. Briefly speaking, everyone can express opinions on the Internet. It requires the human brain to figure out whether these sounds are melodies or noises.

第二層，知識。指的是那些經過人腦思考的初步篩選，對你有幫助的信息；

The second stage is knowledge. This refers to the information that has been screened by the human brain and is helpful to you.

第三層，洞察。說白了就是那些你天天琢磨事兒，讓各種知識的互相碰撞，進而產生的真知灼見。

The third stage is insight. It is something that you think about every day. The collision of all kinds of knowledge could help you reveal insights.

舉個例子你就明白了，網際網路上充斥著大量的信息，包括大騷在家烤竹鼠、華農村裡宅舞、小姐姐吃蒜猛如虎等等，這就是第一層，信息。

There is an example to help you understand. The Internet is full of information, including Da Sao roasting bamboo rats at home, otaku dance in the Huanong village, or young ladies eating garlic as fierce as a tiger, etc. Those are at the first stage — information.

後來你發現其實大騷才是吃蒜猛如虎，而且他的烹飪技巧對你有幫助，也就是學到了第二層，知識。

Later, you found out that Da Sao is the one who eats garlic like a tiger, and his cooking skills are helpful to you. Here, you have come to the second stage—knowledge.

再更進一步，你天天琢磨到底為什麼一個up主會火呢？然後你就做了一集DannyData視頻來分析成功內容創作者的背後邏輯，這就是第三層，洞察。好啦我就不丹尼賣瓜，自賣自誇了，給你一個眼神，你懂我的意思就好。

Let’s go further. Do you always wonder why an Up can get popular? Then you made a DannyData video to analyze the logic behind those successful content creators. That is the third stage— insight. Okay, I will stop praising my videos. You know what I mean.

所以，網際網路每天產生海量的信息，無形中降低了絕大多數人接受信息的門檻。通過有效識別和長時間的積累，就會變成你自己的知識，甚至產生洞察。

The Internet is filled with massive amounts of information generated every day, and in this way, it invisibly lowers the threshold for most people to receive information. Through your effective identification and long-term accumulation, the information will become your knowledge or even insights.

02 別讓網際網路背鍋

那我們搞懂了知識不只「數理化」，我們接著說第二點：別讓網際網路背鍋。

Okay, we've realized that knowledge is not only about mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Let's move on to the second point: don't let the Internet take the blame. 

我在這裡做個預測啊，我估計包括老蔣在內的人會反駁我說: 網際網路上充斥著大量的垃圾信息，再加上"千人千面"的個性化推薦，很可能會讓普通人接收到越來越多垃圾信息，而牛人接收到更多牛比信息，進而產生更大的鴻溝。

I make a prediction here. I guess most people, including Old Jiang, will refute me by saying: The Internet is full of spam, together with the personalized recommendation system of "different information to different people." And this will probably make ordinary people receive more spam and big shots collect more useful information and finally lead to a more considerable gap.

我的預測是否打臉，請你看完老蔣視頻來給我留言，到底我是「打臉永動機」還是「帶預言家」。

Whether my prediction is correct or not, please leave me a message after you guys watching the video of Lao Jiang. Let me know whether I am a person who "always prove myself wrong" or "a great prophet."

事實上，網際網路只是一個工具，這個工具是你獲取信息的一個重要渠道，而且網際網路降低了人們獲得信息的門檻，從原本通過書本、電視、報紙等低效、低實時性、低互動性的方式，變成如今網際網路上百家齊放的人人互聯。這使得普通人都有機會得到和所謂精英群體一樣學習的機會，包括你在網上可以看到各種名校公開課，自然也就填平了很多知識鴻溝。

The Internet is a tool. It is an essential channel for you to gain information, and the Internet has provided a lowered threshold for people to acquire information. People initially obtain knowledge from books, televisions, newspapers, and other inefficient, low real-time, low-interactive ways. Nowadays, people could use the Internet to interconnect with hundreds of people. That allows ordinary people to have the same learning opportunities as the so-called elite groups have. You could take various online open classes from famous schools, which have bridged a lot of knowledge gaps.

如果你自己用不好這工具，就別怪網際網路工具本身，不要欺負網際網路不會說話，網際網路可不背這口鍋。如果你自己「沒頭腦」又「不高興」，這也不應該怪網際網路，因為網際網路上有大量內容可以幫助你「有頭腦」又「真高興」。

If you can't use this tool well, please don't blame the Internet. Don't bully the Internet, for it can't defend itself. Don't let the Internet take the blame. If you are an "airhead" and "unhappy" person, you still should not blame the Internet. There is a lot of content on the Internet that can help you be a "happy" person with "thoughts."

比如B站不只有學習區李永樂、羅老師這種乾貨視頻，還有《人生一串》、《孤獨的美食家》這種泛文化視頻，看過我之前DannyData第10集講B站的視頻，你們就知道B站絕對不簡單。我都把B站吹成這程度了，請已婚大佬陳睿點個讚，你們說這要求不過分吧。

For example, Bilibili provides not only thought-provoking videos such as Li Yongle and Mr. Luo in the study zone but also the pan-cultural videos such as Modern Chinese Life and Kebab andThe Solitary Gourmet.If you have watched the DannyData episode 10 about Bilibili, you will know that Bilibili is definitely not mediocre. Well, I've praised Bilibili to this extent and I wish to receive a thumbs-up from Mr. Chen Rui. That's not too much to ask, is it?

所以，如果你不能填平自己的知識鴻溝，這不是網際網路的問題，而是你的問題，你要提高自己的學習能力。

Therefore, if you cannot fill your knowledge gap, the Internet should not be blamed but yourself. You need to improve your learning ability.

那如何提高自己的學習能力呢？

How to improve it?

同學你好，網際網路上有很多優質課程請了解一下。說實話，我自己就是網際網路填平知識鴻溝的受益者。

Well, there are many high-quality courses on the Internet, find them out by yourself please. To be honest, I've been benefited from bridging the knowledge gap by the internet.

比如我當年學會計課的時候就是看網上清華大學肖星老師的視頻，現在才有機會在DannyData視頻裡給你們講三張財務報表的知識。

For example, when I studied accounting, I watched the online videos of Dr.Xiao Xing from Tsinghua University. So, now I have the opportunity to tell you about the financial statements in DannyData videos.

再比如我通過可汗學院徹底搞懂了什麼是囚徒困境和納什均衡，因為我留學實在聽不懂講博弈論教授的印度口音英語。

Another example is that I thoroughly understand what is the Prisoner's Dilemma and Nash Equilibrium through Khan Academy because when I studied abroad, I couldn't understand the Indian accent English of the professor who taught game theory.

當然聽不懂印度口音英語不能全怪人家教授，要怪就怪我自己英語聽力能力不行，這就像你在網際網路上找不到有用的知識，就別讓網際網路去背鍋，提高你自身搜索知識的能力才是王道，基本功還是要有的，不然就成「不知知網翟博士」。

Of course, I should not blame it all on the professor's Indian accent but on my poor English listening. It’s like you can't blame the internet for not finding some useful knowledge. Improving your ability to search for knowledge is the key. The basic skill is still required, otherwise, you will become the next Dr. Zhai Tianlin who doesn't know the Chinese Google Scholar.

03 如何爽用網際網路

最後說第三點，如何用爽網際網路

Last but not the least, how to use the internet efficiently?

我承認，網際網路上確實充斥著大量沒營養的信息，大家都對譁眾取寵、危言聳聽的標題黨謠言已經見怪不怪了，甚至在我看來「10W+標題」這詞都有些諷刺意味了，尤其是那些教人如何起「10W+標題」的老溼和叫獸們，你們自己坑人也就算了，還帶出來一幫坑人小徒弟。

I admit that the internet contains many junk information. Everyone gets used to those fancy new headings that are used to attract people. I even believe that it is sarcastic that there are many articles on teaching readers how to create titles that can achieve 「10K+」 views.You trick readers into opening your article, and now you are even teaching more people to do the same. 

那麼如何用爽網際網路，幫你去填平更多的知識鴻溝呢？我認為有三條。

So how to use the internet effectively and efficiently to help you bridge the knowledge gap? I think there are three rules to follow:

先說第一條，提升批判能力。

The first rule, improving critical thinking skills.

其實早在1953年，傳播學者克羅斯就給出過謠言的公式，由三個要素決定：

As early as 1953, Klaus, a scholar of communications, has provided us with the equation of rumors. It constitutes of three elements.

謠言 = 事件重要性✖️事件模糊性✖️公眾批判能力負相關

Rumors = Importance of the affair ✖️ Ambiguity of the affair ✖️Public critical thinking

謠言在網際網路上大量存在，我們作為一名普通網民，很難去影響前兩個要素「事件重要性」和「事件模糊性」，除非是這件事發生在你身上，你自己就是那個朝陽大媽。我們更多只能去提高第三個要素，即「公眾批判能力」，批判能力越低則謠言越大，說白了要用辯證法的思維去看社會熱點。

There are many rumors on the internet. As an ordinary netizen, it is hard to influence the first two elements "importance" and "ambiguity" unless you are the leading actor of the rumor. The only component we can work on is the third one, which is critical thinking. Less critical thinking, more rumors. In other words, use the dialectic method to differentiate rumors and facts.

當然我們要區分「批判能力」和「網絡噴子」的區別，就比如我常說「隨你反駁」，我認為好的反駁應該是有理有據有數據，而不是對我人身攻擊「小丹尼你就是靠顏值吸粉，其實你根本沒有乾貨！」面對這種人身攻擊，我只能自己在被窩裡偷著樂。

Well, of course, we need to distinguish those who think critically from those keyboard warriors. For example, I used to say "refute as you wish", and I think a good refute is that with supporting evidence and data. Not those who attack me personally like "Danny attracts followers because he is hot, you don't have any insights." Well, if you attack me this way, I would be really happy.

再說第二條，由被動轉主動。

Now let's talk about the second rule: transition from passive learning to self-motive learning.

Tony Buzan和Barry Buzan在著作《思維導圖》中有兩個模型：

From the book Mind Map by Tony Buzan and Barry Buzan, there are two useful models.

第一個模型展示了我們在學校裡往往是被動的接受知識，說白了就是考什麼你就學什麼，所以一名學生往往要做的是儘可能多的被動接受知識。

The first model showed us how we used to take in knowledge passively. In other words, what we learn and what we are tested on is decided by school or teacher but not us. So what a student often has to do is passively taking in as much knowledge as possible.

但是學生時期這種被動接受知識的習慣，往往到社會上就不好使了，尤其是大家剛入職場時就更不適應了，就連清華耶魯劍橋的學霸都會有不適應，這個等我之後在發布的DannyPal第2集再詳細聊吧，你們感興趣嗎？

But this kind of learning habit developed at school may not function well after entering the work field, especially as a fresh graduate. Even those straight-A students may feel the same. I will talk about this in the 2nd episode of DannyPal. Anyone interested?

當你步入社會，應該學會去主動獲取知識，也就是第二個模型，主動的方式包括學習、思考、創造、解決問題等等。

When you enter society, you need to be more initiative in acquiring knowledge. This leads to the second model. Self-motive learning includes learning, thinking, creating, and problem-solving, etc.

就像我常常跟DannyData團隊同學裡說，職場上的問題並不是都擺在你面前的試卷上，而是要去自己主動尋找問題，而且光是尋找問題還不夠，因為找問題挑刺兒是最容易的一件事了，關鍵是你要去思考並行動去解決問題。

Like I've always talked to colleagues in DannyData. Not all problems in your workplace can be found on your exam papers, but those you need to deep dive and find problems to solve. Finding the critical problem is not enough for it’s quite easy to have some opinions. What’s more important is actively finding solutions to the problem.

解決問題的重要方式之一就是通過網際網路去整理信息、再精選出知識，之後通過深度思考，讓各種知識去碰撞，形成我之前所說的洞察。正如傑弗遜所說：

One of the best ways to solve a problem is to use the internet to gather information, extract out knowledge, think critically, and deeply to innovate the solution, which is insights as I mentioned before. Like Jefferson once said: 

「一個新思想啟發另一個新思想，又啟發第三個，如此繼續，經過若干時間，直到某個人將所有這些都不是自己原創的思想組合到一起，產生一個被稱為新發明的東西。」

"A new insight inspires another new insight, then the third one, and so on, and so on. After some time, one person will combine those insights together, to produce what is called a new invention.」

最後說第三條，反個性化推薦。

Finally, the third point, the anti-personalization recommendation.

雖然今天我和老蔣是一場辯論賽，我主張的是「網際網路填平了知識的鴻溝」，以下我要說的內容可能會對我的論點非常不利，但作為一名良心up主，我覺得自己還是有義務向你們解釋清楚，因為贏得這場辯論賽並不是我的最終目的，讓你們有所收穫，搞懂問題的本質才是我的最終目的。

Although Lao Jiang and I have a debate today, and what I advocate is that "the Internet has bridged the knowledge gap". And what I am going to say below may be detrimental to my argument, but as a conscientious Up, I still feel obliged to explain it to you. This is because my ultimate goal is not winning the debate but bringing something to you and helping you understand the essence of the problem.

其實在我看來，今天我的論點：網際網路填平了知識的鴻溝，主要說的是網際網路填平了人和知識之間的鴻溝。而老蔣所說的鴻溝，指的是網際網路加劇了人和人之間的鴻溝。

It seems to me that my argument today — the internet has bridged the knowledge gap — is mainly about the Internet bridging the gap between people and knowledge. But the gap Old Jiang refers to is the gap between people, which has been enlarging by the Internet.

什麼意思呢？

What does this mean?

我相信沒有人會懷疑，網際網路的出現幫我們獲得了更多的信息，因此收穫更多知識，這就是我所說的：網際網路填平了人和知識之間的鴻溝，無論是對普通人還是大牛人來說，都是這樣的。

Well, I'm sure no one would doubt that the Internet has helped us gain more information and therefore more knowledge. And this is what I'm talking about: the Internet has bridged the gap between people and knowledge, both for the ordinary person and for the big shots.

但是，每個人收穫的知識量是不同的，很可能出現的情況是大牛人通過網際網路收穫了更多高水平的知識，而普通人通過網際網路只能獲取大量垃圾信息和少量知識，這就造成人和人之間的鴻溝加劇了，也就是老蔣的論點。

However, the amount of knowledge that each person acquires is quite different. The big shots have likely reached a higher level of knowledge through the Internet, while the average people can only get abundant junk information and little knowledge through the Internet. This leads to an increasing gap between people, which is Lao Jiang's argument.

其實「知識鴻溝」定義本身就是由（Knowledge Gap）由三位社會學家Phillip J. Tichenor，C. N. Olien及 G. A. Donohue於1970年提出的：社會經濟地位不論高或低，每個人所獲取的知識都會隨時間而增加，但社會經濟地位高的人獲取的知識量，卻比社會經濟地位低的人所獲取的多，久而久之，這兩群人的知識差距會逐漸擴大、不斷增加，這就是知識鴻溝。

The definition of "knowledge gap" itself was proposed in 1970 by three sociologists, Phillip J. Tichenor, C. N. Olien, and G. A. Donohue: the knowledge acquired by everyone, regardless of high or low socioeconomic status, will increase over time, but the amount of knowledge acquired by people with high socioeconomic status is greater than that acquired by people with low socioeconomic status. And over time, the knowledge level difference between these two groups will be gradually exacerbated, and finally, form the knowledge gap. 

這就像在一個大浪潮之中大家的收入都增長，有錢又有資源的房地產商們收入增長幅度，一定比我這種窮人掙倆小錢收入增長快得多，因此才會加劇鴻溝。

It's like in a big wave where everyone's income grows, and the income of real estate companies with money and resources must be growing much faster than poor people like me. And in this way, the gap is enlarged rapidly.

我相信你看完這張」丹尼知識鴻溝模型「，就能徹底搞懂我和老蔣之間論點的區別了。

I believe you will be able to understand the difference between my arguments and those of Lao Jiang after reading this "Danny Knowledge Gap Model".

我們要清楚，任何社會的主導權都是掌握在極少數人手中，所以才會出現我在之前DannyData視頻裡提到的「信息繭」、「奶嘴戰略」等等，其實現在網際網路產品上的各種個性化推薦，好聽的講叫「千人千面」「AI大數據的私人定製」，不好聽的講就是要讓你乖乖地待在自己的信息繭中，含好你自己那個奶嘴。

We need to be clear that the dominance of any society is in the hands of minorities, which explains the emergence of the 「information cocoon」 and 「pacifier strategy」, which I mentioned in the previous DannyData video. All kinds of personalized recommendations — if put it in a good way, is called "different information to different people" system or the private customization of AI big data. Otherwise, it just lets you stay in your own information cocoon, sucking on your own pacifier.

所以，作為一名普通人，我們要學會「反個性化推薦」，腦子裡時刻要繃緊一根筋，不要只看那些電商推給你的剁手產品、視頻平臺推給你的美女帥哥等等，要時刻提醒自己，網際網路上還有那麼多雖然枯燥但有趣的知識呢，不如多看看DannyData和老蔣巨靠譜的視頻，有錢人的生活都那麼枯燥了，你枯燥一點學知識又何嘗不可呢？

Therefore, as ordinary people, we have to learn about "anti-personalize recommendations", we must always tighten a muscle in our head, don't just look at those celebrity products recommended by the e-commerce platforms, or the good-looking people pushed by the video platforms. Always remind yourself that there is so much boring but interesting knowledge on the Internet. It ’s better to watch more videos of DannyData and Lao Jiang. The lives of rich people are so dull. Why not learn some plain knowledge?

雖然以上我講的可能讓我輸了這場辯論賽，但我認為自己可以獲得更大的勝利，那就是大家的信任。

Although what I said above might cost me losing the debate,I think I could win a greater victory, and that is your trust.

我認為我和老蔣的共同目標並不是誰贏得這場辯論賽，而是一起做大知識區這塊蛋糕，滿足自我分享欲的同時，也可以讓你有所收穫。

I think that the common goal of me and Lao Jiang is not to win this debate, but to make the cake of the knowledge zone bigger together. This satisfies our desires for sharing and also let you be inspired at the same time.

謝謝你對我和老蔣的支持，歡迎給我們點讚三連加關注。Techs Never Die，回見。

Thank you for your support to Lao Jiang and me, and welcome to give us your thumbs up and subscribe us. Techs Never Die, see you next time.

文稿/校對：小丹尼、Emma、Vivian

剪輯/視覺：羅兆吉、Alex、趙忠彥、寧新茹、呂曉彬、雷傑、馬曉羽、蔡慶俊、Miranda

播講：小丹尼

翻譯：Xuyang、嘉瑤、楊墨、韓子菲、施震、Zelda

排版：Xuyang、李扁擔