早點 | BBC:科學家發現 :左撇子基因

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Those who cannot change their minds

cannot change anything.

– George Bernard Shaw, Playwright

無法改變想法的人，無法改變任何事。

– 喬治‧蕭伯納(劇作家)

喬治‧蕭伯納(1856-1950) 是愛爾蘭人，在1925 年獲得諾貝爾文學獎，其作品《賣花女》在1935 年拍為電影並獲得奧斯卡最佳劇本獎，他也是倫敦大學的倫敦經濟學院創辦人之一。

Left-handed DNA found科學家發現 ：左撇子基因

科學家們發現了第一個與左撇子有關的基因指令。這些指令似乎還與大腦的結構和功能密切相連，尤其是與語言有關的區域。

Around one in ten of us is left-handed - but why? A team at the University of Oxford analysed 400,000 people's DNA. They then compared lefties and righties in a giant game of genetic spot-the-difference.每十個人中就有一個人是左撇子，但這是為什麼呢？牛津大學的一個研究小組分析了 40 萬人的 DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）。然後，他們通過一個基因 「找不同」 遊戲對左撇子和習慣用右手的人進行了比較。They found four genetic instructions that influenced left-handedness. These seem to work by altering how the brain develops. They're involved in building the intricate "scaffolding", known as the cytoskeleton that organises the inside of our body’s cells and culminate in a brain that is wired differently in left-handed people. Scans showed regions of the brain involved in language were better connected and more coordinated as a result.他們發現了影響左撇子的四種基因指令。這些指令似乎是通過改變大腦的發育來起作用的。指令參與構建複雜的 「腳手架」，即細胞骨架，它組織我們體內的細胞，最終形成一個構造有別於慣用右手的人的左撇子大腦。掃描結果顯示，左撇子的大腦中與語言有關的區域連接得更好，也更協調。The researchers speculate the findings may give left-handed people greater verbal skills. The study also showed slightly higher risks of schizophrenia and slightly lower risks of Parkinson's disease in left-handed people.研究人員推測，這些發現可能證實左撇子擁有更強的語言能力。此項研究還顯示，左撇子患精神分裂症的風險略高，患帕金森病的風險略低。詞彙left-handed 慣用左手的
lefties 慣用左手的人
righties 慣用右手的人
genetic 基因的，遺傳信息的
spot-the-difference 找不同
instructions （基因）指令
intricate 錯綜複雜的
scaffolding 腳手架（這裡指細胞組建）
cytoskeleton 細胞骨架
culminate in 以……告終
wired （大腦的）構造
coordinated 協調的
verbal skills 言語技能
schizophrenia 精神分裂症
Parkinson's disease 帕金森病閱讀理解：請在讀完上文後，回答下列問題。1. True or false? In every ten people, around two are left-handed.2. How did the researchers conduct the study?3. Based on the scans, which regions of a left-handed person’s brain were better connected and more coordinated?4. Which word in the text means 『slightly changing or modifying』?答案1. True or false? In every ten people, around two are left-handed.
False. According to the text, in every ten people, around one is left-handed.2. How did the researchers conduct the study?
They conducted the study by analysing 400,000 people’s DNA and then comparing lefties and righties in a giant game of genetic spot-the-difference.3. Based on the scans, which regions of a left-handed person’s brain were better connected and more coordinated?
The regions involved in language were better connected and more coordinated, according to the scans.4. Which word in the text means 『slightly changing or modifying』?
Altering. ('These seem to work by altering how the brain develops.')

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愛情習語串燒

 

1. Blind date

相親

Although dating a person who is visually impaired might be considered a blind date, the term is commonly used for a pre-arranged social appointment where a third-party sets a date for two mutual friends who have never met. Therefore, the date is designated as 「blind.」

雖然跟視力障礙者約會也可能當做是blind date，但是這個短語通常用來表示預先安排的社交約會，它是由第三方為兩個從沒有見過的共同的朋友安排的約會，這個約會就被指定為「blind」。

 

Example:

Lineker met Danielle on a blind date.

萊因克爾和丹妮爾在雙方好友安排的一次約會中相識。

 

2. To fall for

愛上

In the case of 「to fall for someone」 or 「to fall in love,」 the word fall functions as an intransitive verb representing a particular state of being.

在to fall for someone（愛上某人）或to fall in love（墜入愛河）中，單詞fall作為不及物動詞表示一個特定的狀態。

 

Example:

When Francois gave Jeanette a handwritten poem, she knew he was falling for her.

當弗朗索瓦給了珍妮特一首手寫詩時，她知道他愛上她了。

 

3. To find Mr. Right or Miss Right

找到真愛

This common phrase denoting the ideal romantic partner has been in use since 1922 when the Irish author James Joyce coined the expression.

自從1922年愛爾蘭作家James Joyce使用這個表達後，這個表示理想伴侶的短語被廣為使用。

 

Example:

After she paid the excessive restaurant bill, Marie knew she had found Mr. Wrong not Mr. Right.

在付了昂貴的餐廳帳單後，瑪麗意識到她找的是錯誤伴侶而不是真愛。

 

4. To get back together

複合

Getting back together is a common intransitive phrasal verb used when a couple, band or group decide to resume their relationship.

Getting back together是一個常用的不及物動詞短語，表示夫婦、樂隊或團體決定恢復他們的關係。

 

Example:

Isabella wistfully looked through the love letters from her ex-lover and realized they should get back together.

伊莎貝拉惆悵地瀏覽前任給她寫的情書後意識到他們應該複合。

 

5. To get engaged

訂婚

To get engaged is a phrase related to marriage that implies the betrothed parties are reserved for one another.

To get engaged是一個有關婚姻的短語，它暗示訂婚的兩個人已心有所屬，是彼此的另一半。

 

Example:

Since meeting her prince charming, Delilah couldn’t wait to get engaged.

自從見到了她的白馬王子，黛利拉迫不及待地想要訂婚。

 

6. To get hitched

喜結連理

To tie the knot or get hitched are both common informal terms for marriage.

To tie the knot和get hitched這兩個短語都是表示婚姻的常用非正式短語。

 

Example:

I'm not surprised you got hitched in Vegas.

你在拉斯維加斯結婚我一點兒不吃驚。

 

7. To have a crush

迷戀

A crush is a common informal idiom for a romantic infatuation. This term has been used since the 19th century and is still popular today.

A crush是表示浪漫的迷戀的非正式習語。這個短語從19世紀就開始使用，並且直到現在仍然很流行。

 

Example:

Paul had a crush on Sophie since first grade. He finally summoned up enough courage to invite her to the movies.

自從一年級開始，保羅就迷戀上了索菲。他最終鼓起強大的勇氣約她去看電影。

 

8. Fall head over heels
拜倒、神魂顛倒

Falling head over heels in love with someone is an idiomatic way of expressing the overwhelming excitement of irrevocable affection.

Falling head over heels in love with someone是一個地道的表達方式，用來表示難以消失的強烈的喜愛之情。

Example:

Juliet knew she was falling head over heels for Romeo.

朱麗葉知道她被羅密歐迷得神魂顛倒。

 

9. To be hung up on someone
念念不忘某人

This popular phrase has been in use since the late 1800s. It implies a lingering interest or something you can’t get out of your head.

這個流行短語從1800年代後期開始使用。它表示揮之不去的興趣或事情。

 

Example:

Antoinette had been hung up on that mysterious cowboy since they met one fateful night.

自從他們在冥冥中註定的一晚相遇後，安託瓦內特一直掛念著那個神秘的牛仔。

 

10. To patch up a relationship

修補關係

Patching is a term often used for repairing tires or mending jeans. However, it can also be used to denote emotional reconciliation.

Patching通常用來表示修補輪胎或牛仔褲。然而，它也可以用來表示情感上的和解。

 

Example: Jack and Jill decided it was time to patch up their relationship.

傑克和吉爾認為是時候該修補一下他們的關係了。

 

11. To pop the question

求婚

This informal idiom for proposing marriage has been in use since 1826.

這個表示求婚的非正式習語從1826年就開始使用。

 

Example:

Marcus stopped by the jewelry store that evening and was waiting for the right moment to pop the question.

那天晚上，馬庫斯順路去了珠寶店，他正等待合適的時機去求婚。

 

12. Those three little words

那三個字（指「我愛你」）

There are plenty of three-word phrases, but this romantic idiom only refers to 「I love you」.

三個字的短語很多，但是這個浪漫的習語僅指「我愛你」。

 

Example:

Martina waited with anticipation hoping her sweetheart would say those three little words.

瑪蒂娜充滿期待的希望她的甜心能夠對她說我愛你。

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