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正文翻譯
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Satuf 阿聯
Where does the idea of a giant lizard breathing fire originate from? East Asia? Or does it originate from the Babylonians? Mardukh was a dragon god.
巨大的噴火蜥蜴的形象究竟起源於哪裡？是東亞？還是巴比倫？馬杜克（Marduk），希伯來語名字為米羅達（Merodach），意思是「太陽之牛」。巴比倫城的守護神。馬爾杜克是水、正義、魔法的化身，為萬物的創造者，創造了星系和十二星座符號，有復活死人的能力，以利都的創造神，被尊稱為「彼勒（Bel）」，意為「主」，相當於巴力的尊稱。在蘇美爾宗教諸神中原無崇高地位，原為風暴神和生育神。巴比倫在政治上崛起以後，成為眾神之父。唯一能與之抗衡的是亞述帝國的主神亞述。馬杜克在巴比倫佔星術中其象徵為木星，在希臘神話中與宙斯地位相當，在羅馬神話中相當於朱庇特。
巴比倫至尊神馬杜克。
評論翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：帶刺的玫瑰 轉載請註明出處
fangqingming中國
i don't know, but obviously from western just like europe, i think. dragon is a giant lizard breathing fire , that is in western myth. china totem is east dragon, but the word is obviously error translated, that is a totem whole different with " giant lizard breathing fire" . it don't like breath fire, but more like breath water. it's shape is not like giant lizard too. other countrys of east asia , for example, korea, korea culture was influenced by china, so his dragon is same with china. we don't called this totem as dragon, more like to name it as "long 龍", and think that is diffrent with western dragon. so the dragon that have shape of giant lizard breathing fire, it is not from east asia. here is a china dragon picture.
我不知道，不過我想應該是來自像歐洲這樣的西方國家。其實所謂的「噴火巨蜥」只不過是西方神化中的龍。中國的龍圖騰是「東方之龍」，將其翻譯為dragon很顯然是錯誤的。中國的龍與那種「噴火巨蜥」截然不同，它們不怎麼噴火，更多的時候反倒是在噴水。中國龍的體型也與「噴火巨蜥」有所不同。東亞的其他國家，如韓國、朝鮮，這些國家的文化受到中國的影響，因此他們的龍和中國很像。我們一般不把這種圖騰叫做「dragon」，更多的是稱之為「龍——Long」，這和西方的「龍」是很不一樣的。西方的「dragon」形似噴火的巨蜥，東方之龍可不是這樣的。下面就是一張中國的龍圖。
The Alani Dragon Rising 英國
回ls I would say the western Dragon(not the word just the image) originated with the Chinese dragon, but was transported west by nomadic people such as the Alani. The Alani using the image to head up their raids would be putting forward an attacking creature. Hence the somewhat bad name of the western dragon in comparison to its eastern counterpart. I love the picture by the way of the Chinese dragon, a picture which seems to add weight to the suggestion of a creature made up of many symbols from many people brought together by an emperor or leader. Note the head and the antlers, an emblem of nomadic peoples over a considerable area.
我認為西方的龍（我指的不是「dragon」這個詞，而是龍這個形象）起源於中國，後來由諸如阿蘭人這樣的遊牧民族傳入西方。阿蘭人往往在作戰時使用龍的形象，並可能據此創造出了一種兇猛的怪獸與之對應。久而久之，西方的龍就開始聲名狼藉了。我很喜歡那張圖中的中國龍，一位君主或領袖將各族的象徵組合在一起，使龍的形象平添了許多重量感。注意看這龍的頭部，它長了一對鹿角，這就是馳騁於大陸之上的遊牧民族的象徵啊。阿蘭人，古代黑海東北部的遊牧民族。古代佔據黑海東北部草原的遊牧民族。在1世紀羅馬的文獻中首見記載。他們專門飼養馬匹，經常襲擊安息帝國和羅馬帝國的高加索各行省。約370年阿蘭人被匈奴徵服後，只有一部分留在奧爾良和瓦朗斯(Valence)附近定居，大多數都遷往非洲。據說接受匈奴統治的部分是高加索奧塞梯人(Ossetes)的祖先。在譯者查找到的資料中，這一民族也被稱作阿蘭尼人，阿蘭那人等。在《北史》中，阿蘭人被稱作奄蔡，一名溫那沙；《後漢書》稱之為「奄蔡國，改名阿蘭聊國」；《史記》為「奄蔡在康居西北可二千裡，行國，與康居大同俗，控弦者十餘萬。臨大澤，無崖，蓋乃北海雲」；《三國志》「又有奄蔡國一名阿蘭，皆與康居同俗。」《北史》中那段記錄的了該國遣使節到北魏，其時匈奴滅其國的「已三世矣」，即75年，而遣使節到 北魏為西元445年，正好為西元370年左右，與歐洲記錄一致。
Naomasa298英國
Well, if you look at this: This image has been resized. Click this bar to view the full image. The original image is sized 828x263 and weights 513KB.
好吧，瞧瞧這個：這張圖片是縮小版，點擊此處即可查看原圖。原畫尺寸為828x263，重513KB
Zeno 比利時
About the Welsh Dragon: According to this site which references to a "Y Geiriadur Cymraeg Prifysgol Cymru" or "University of Wales Welsh Dictionary", the word "Draig" (dragon, as in "Draig Goch", the Red Dragon, Welsh national symbol) also meant "Mellt Distaw" (sheet lightning) or "Mellt Didaranau" (lightning unaccompanied by thunder.) In earlier times, however, according to the author, the words was also used for "Maen Mellt" (lightning stone) - a meteorite. The site looks in to the astronomical myths of ancient Britons and has further lixs to books. Morien Institute - The European 'Dark Age' And Welsh Oral Tradition - on the trail of The Dragon.About impacts. COMET/EARTH IMPACT CHRONOLOGY RELATED SITES
關於威爾斯龍：根據"Y Geiriadur Cymraeg Prifysgol Cymru"網站，或稱《威爾斯大學威爾斯語詞典》中所述，"Draig"這個詞（也就是龍（原文dragon），威爾斯的國家象徵，紅龍，用威爾斯語寫就是"Draig Goch"）的意思就是"Mellt Distaw"（片狀閃電）或"Mellt Didaranau"（無雷聲的閃電）。而在更早的時候，按作者的話說，這個詞還曾被用來形容"Maen Mellt"（閃電石）-一顆隕石。這個網站有許多有關古不列顛人關於天文的神化的資料，許多連結都對應著相關書目。Morien機構—歐洲的「黑暗時代」及威爾斯口頭傳統——追蹤龍之起源 .至於那次隕石撞擊：彗地撞擊紀念記錄 .
Davidius 英國 (回那位中國ip所帖的龍圖）
According to oriental dragon lore a Chinese dragon has five toes, a Korean Dragon has four toes and a Japanese dragon has three. The story goes that the more the dragon travels from home, the more toes fall off! I don't know if you count the back toe but the dragon in the picture is either Korean or Japanese.
我聽到過一則關於東方之龍的傳說，據說中國的龍有五個腳趾頭，朝鮮龍有四個，日本龍則只有三個。至於原因，它是這麼解釋的：龍四處旅行，去的地方越多，掉的腳趾頭也就越多！我不知道你有沒有數過它的腳趾頭，不過看這幅圖中的這龍腳趾頭的數目，我看不是朝鮮龍就是日本龍。
The Alani Dragon Rising 英國
回ls Now that's a fantastic wee story, I like it. The European dragons started out with forward limbs only, I think, maybe they travelled a little too far.
這個小故事可真有意思，我喜歡。歐洲的龍在早期只有光禿禿的前肢，我猜也許是因為他們旅行得太遠了吧。
DeliciousTomatoesYay美國
What if they found a giant dinosaur bone in the desert?
要是他們在曠野裡發現了一具巨大的恐龍骨架呢？Mandate of Heaven 臺灣 回「我聽到過一則關於東方之龍的傳說，據說中國的龍有……」
Not sure about the origin of your legend, but in China, 5 clawed dragon symbolizes the emperor. So if you see someone wearing a robe with a dragon patch of 4 claws, he's a prince or a high official.
不太確定你的傳說從哪兒得來的，但是在中國，五爪龍是皇帝的象徵。而如果你看到什麼人穿著印有四爪龍的龍袍，這人要麼是個王子，要麼就是朝廷大員。
Shaddam IV 美國
Dragons or very similar creatures can be found in many cultures around the world, I don’t think it can be claimed to have come from any one source, but more an archetypal creature that can be found in myths and legends of many different peoples, that varies in appearance, nature, and abilities, but is usually a large serpentine creature often with wings, or at least the ability to fly.
龍以及各種酷似龍的生物可以在全世界許多文化中找到，我並不認為龍這一形象只有一個發源地，但我們或許能找到它的原型——許多民族的神話和傳說中都存在「龍」的形象，它們雖被賦予了不同的外表、本性和能力，但大多是形似蛇類的生物，並且往往生著碩大的翅膀，或者至少有著飛行的能力。
The Alani Dragon Rising 英國 I didn't say the source as such, only the conveyance of the symbol of the dragon. They did span from what we know as China right across Asia and Europe, and did use the dragon in battle as an emblem. As I have already said, they were at Ribchester with the Romans as part of the force manning Hadrians wall in the 2nd century. Yes the word dragon comes from a Greek word, but the Chinese dragon symbol goes way further back. It is also true that Greece had similar serpents. However there doesn't seem to be a connection, or should I say the transportation of the symbol the Greeks had in the same way as I've suggested with the migration of nomadic peoples.
我沒說龍起源於阿蘭人啊，我只是說是阿蘭人傳播的而已嘛。他們的行程橫跨歐亞，還和中國的勢力有所接觸，而且還在戰鬥時將龍作為標誌。我前面已經說過了，根據在羅切斯特發現的遺蹟，他們在公元2世紀還曾與羅馬人一道修建哈德良長城。沒錯，「dragon」這個詞是起源於希臘語，但是中國龍在很久以前就誕生了。希臘也確實有幾個長得跟蛇差不多的東西，我不否認。可是這些東西之間沒有聯繫，所以我的結論是，希臘「龍」的傳播至少要依託遊牧民族的遷徙。哈德良長城：公元43年，羅馬人侵佔不列顛。公元122年，羅馬皇帝哈德良(公元76-138年)巡視不列顛，決定在英格蘭北部修建長城，抵禦北方的敵人。長城全長73公裡，高約4.6米、底寬3米、頂寬約2.1米，上面築有堡壘、瞭望塔等，工程耗時6年。公元142年，羅馬人在哈德良長城以北又修築長達37公裡的安東尼長牆。長城的修建，一方面顯示了羅馬人的實力，另一方面也標誌著羅馬人開拓疆土的式微。哈德良長城現已破敗不堪，只能從少數斷壁殘垣和殘存的基座一窺昔日的雄風。英國政府自19世紀80年代起開始有組織地保護哈德良長城。上個世紀20年代，英國政府制定《古蹟與考古地區法》，哈德良長城的保護遂有法可依。
Shaddam IV 美國
The European dragon’s origins and the mythology associated with it, has its origins in Europe and ancient Near East. I see no reason to assume that the Alani have anything to with draconic imagery or symbolism is Europe simply because they used a dragon emblem in battle and that they traveled around. Of course it might be helpful to know when the dragon emblem first appeared in use by the Alani. Also Chinese dragon symbolism is not any older then it’s European and Near Easter counterparts.
不管是歐洲龍本身還是與之相關的神話,它們都起源於歐洲本土和古代近東。就算他們曾在歐亞大陸上遷徙，曾在戰鬥時用上過龍圖騰，這也證明不了什麼呀。當然，雖然證明不了這些，但你的資料或許能夠說明阿蘭人是第一個將龍圖騰投入使用的民族，並且中國龍的出現並不早於歐洲和近東的龍。
I usually don’t like to use Wikipedia, but its got some pretty decent information on dragon mythology and its origin in Europe.
我一般不怎麼喜歡用維基百科，不過這次在龍的神話及其在歐洲的起源上，維基百科的資料倒是挺靠譜的。
Dragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 維基百科——自由的百科全書 （http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon#Origin_and_etymology_2） 「The word dragon entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French dragon, which in turn comes from Latin draconem (nominative draco) meaning "huge serpent, dragon," from the Greek word δράκων, drakon (genitive drakontos, δράκοντος) "serpent, giant seafish", which is believed to have come from an earlier stem drak-, a stem of derkesthai, "to see clearly," from Proto-Indo-European derk- "to see" or "the one with the (deadly) glance." The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century. The association of the serpent with a monstrous opponent overcome by a heroic deity has its roots in the mythology of the Ancient Near East, including Canaanite (Hebrew, Ugaritic), Hittite and Mesopotamian. The Chaoskampf motif entered Greek mythology and ultimately Christian mythology, although the serpent motif may already be part of prehistoric Indo-European mythology as well, based on comparative evidence of Indic and Germanic material. It has been speculated that accounts of spitting cobras may be the origin of the myths of fire-breathing dragons.[4]」
第一段直接複製自維基中文詞條「龍」（為什麼維基中文第一段挺正常的下面的就開始斯巴達了。。。） 英語中的「dragon」一詞的使用可追溯到公元13世紀，來源於古法語中的「dragon」。後者則源自拉丁語中的「draconem」（主格：draco），而「draco」一詞則是源自古希臘語中「drakōn」（δράκων，所有格：δράκοντοϛ drákontos）[1]。在拉丁語中，「draconem」也可以指巨大的蛇，而在古希臘語中，「drakon」則指巨大的海蛇或海中怪獸。「drakon」的詞根「drak-」有「注視」的意思，因此「drakon」字面上可能是指「擁有（死亡的）注視者」。
在希臘語和拉丁語種，此詞可指所有的巨大的蛇形動物，而不局限於神話中的怪獸，這種用法直到18世紀仍在英語中有應用。而將蛇演化成碩大無朋的怪物，並最終被英雄的神性所挫敗的想像則濫觴於古代近東神話，這包括了迦南人（希伯來人、烏加裡特人）、西臺人還有美索不達米亞神話。這一形象被傳入希臘，並最終於基督教神化混合。
實際上，通過將印度與日耳曼史料的對比分析，蛇這一意象很可能是史前印歐神話的一部分。據推測，對噴射毒汁的眼鏡蛇的記載可能正是噴火巨龍神話的起源。迦南人：巴勒斯坦的早期居民，講閃族語系語言，屬於閃米特民族的一支。血緣上與阿拉伯人和猶太人相近。曾擊敗希伯來人(猶太人)對巴勒斯坦的入侵。隨後融入其他閃米特民族。烏加裡特：古代腓尼基沿海城市。位於奧倫河河口之南，即今敘利亞拉塔基亞城北11千米的拉斯沙姆拉遺址。公元前60～前50世紀已有人居住。約公元前40～前20世紀，此地居住著阿莫裡特人和迦南人。公元前18世紀被稱為烏加裡特，形成奴隸制城邦，與賽普勒斯、愛琴諸島及埃及、巴比倫等地均有頻繁的貿易聯繫。公元前1000多年，先與埃及結盟，後臣服於西臺帝國。
極盛時期約公元前1450～前1200年。公元前 1200年左右為入侵的「海上民族」所毀滅。該城市為腓尼基重要海港，手工業和商業頗為發達，居民的航海和殖民活動曾遠達愛琴諸島和賽普勒斯等地。1929年後，對其遺址陸續進行發掘，發現神廟、宮殿、市政建築、民用住宅等遺址。西臺人：源自古印歐人的大遷徙，屬於印歐語系。大約在公元前6000年，生存在北高加索大草原上的古印歐人在馴服馬與發明輪子之後，開始了向南翻越高加索山脈的艱苦徵程。在公元前3000年左右，他們將自己的活動範圍擴展到了今天土耳其的安納託利亞半島（也稱做小亞細亞半島），並在此締造了古印歐人的最早文明——古安納託利亞文明。公元前3000年後，這支進入小亞細亞的古印歐人被稱為古西臺人（哈梯人）。
fangqingming 中國
ok, i am glad to discuss it. archaeologists of china had find many ancient cultural relics about dragon, these is that: dragon pattern in middle of china.(before 6,400 years) Earthen Bottle that have dragon pattern in ancient ruinning of shanxi province.(before 7,000 years) pottery that have dragon pattern in Inner Mongolia of china.(about before 7,000~8,000 years) the most oldest dragon sculpture is in north of china.(about before 8,000 years) i had heard about that they found a mural in shanxi province of china, (about 10,000 years), but the mural have some disputes on it, so i only said :"MAYBE more early than 8,000 years". of course, china dragon only have some fuzzy image in the neolithic age.
好啊，我很高興能討論這個。中國的考古學家已發現了多件與龍有關的文物，清單如下：龍形圖樣，發現於中國中部。（6400年前） 龍紋瓦瓶,發現於陝西省的古代遺址中。(7000年前) 龍紋陶器，發現於中國內蒙 (約在7000 ~ 8000年前) 最古老的龍形雕塑出土於中國北部。（8000年前） 我聽說他們在中國陝西省發現了一幅壁畫（大約一萬年前），但關於這幅壁畫存在一些爭議，對此我只能說：「或許不止八千年吧。」 當然啦，在新石器時代中國龍還沒有成形呢。（此處或指良渚、仰韶、紅山文化所出土文物，可參見http://bbs.imobile.com.cn/thread-tid-6257255.html）
about famous tribal leaders of china, there had many legends in Age of Teras, but a lot of myth , had not text records, because chinese text systems just start to development but not be a system in that period. dragon apeared as an magic image in these legends, for example , the famous tribal leader, huang di(maybe english translate him as yellow emperor) , he have a assistant who named 應龍(yinglong), notice his name, chinese named china dragon as "龍long", the guy is a dragon, he can controll rain and water. another legend, （大禹）dayu, the leader sloved flood control problem in whole china lands. he let some dragons to walk before people ,because dragons can more know water than humen. then he lead workers to dig river road acrodding the tailprint.
關於那位遠古時期的部族首領有許多傳說，但大多是些神話，並沒有書面記載。因為那時中國的書寫系統才剛剛開始發展，還沒有形成體系。在這些傳說中，龍作為一種神魔而出現，舉個例子，這位著名的部落首領，黃帝（如果翻譯成英文的話，可能應該叫做「黃色帝王」吧），他有一個助手，名叫應龍(yinglong)，注意他的名字，中國人給中國龍起得名字都是"龍long"，這哥們也是條龍，他能夠控制雨和水。在另一傳說中，（大禹）dayu，解決了威脅整個中國大陸的洪水危機的又一位領導者，他讓一些龍在人們的前方走，因為龍比人類更了解水。隨後他領導工人們沿著龍尾划過的印記進行挖掘，並修建了水路。
although these all are legends, not whole really happened in history . but these legends obvious show that dragon had a lot of influence in that period , and be given definition of water, that is why chinese think china dragon more like breath water until now , and think it is kind, not evil . dragon became totem of china in that period, because Hua Hsia tribe (another opinion is "the tribe be leaded by yellow emperor") start to became a real nation in that period. hua hsia nation becamed han nation of china , and han nation is the main nation of china now, dragon grow up with Hua Hsia nation's development.
根據這些傳說，雖然這些傳說並不都是真實的，但是這些傳說顯然顯示出龍在那個時代起了很大的作用，並且與水有著某種關聯。這也就是為什麼中國龍直到現在噴的一直都是水，而且被認為是一種仁善的生物，而非邪惡的怪獸。在那個時期，龍成為了中國的圖騰，因為當時華夏部落的（另一種觀點稱其為「由黃帝領導的部落」）正開始成為一個真正的國家。華夏民族後來變成了中國的漢族，而漢族現在是中華民族的主體。隨著華夏族的發展，「龍」也在不斷成長。
some chinese history opinions think, there have a lot of primitive tribes in that period, some are big ,some are small, they almost have totem, sometimes it is deer, sometimes it is fish, hua hsia tribe's totem is a huge serpent , that is a unrest period , these tribes melt into each other by war ways or peace ways. when a tribe join into another big tribe, they add their part of totems to another totem, but almost these tribes all melt into hua hsia tribe finally, that is why hua hsia totem have serpent body and deer horn, and fish flakes, etc. when china be built on the basis of hua hsia nation as a country, hua hsia nation's totem became totem of ancient china.
一些人認為，中國歷史上曾有許多原始部落，它們有大有小，幾乎每個部落都有自己的圖騰。有時是鹿、有時是魚，華夏族的圖騰則是一條巨蛇。那是一個動蕩的時代，這些部族通過徵戰或其他和平的手段實現了融合，在將部落組合成一個大部落的同時，他們也將自己的圖騰與對方的圖騰結合，但這些圖騰的大多數最後都融入進了華夏族的圖騰中，這也就是為何華夏族的圖騰有著蛇身、鹿角、魚鱗等等的原因。當以華夏族為基礎的中國建立，華夏族的圖騰也就變成了古代中國的圖騰。
ghostexorcist 美國 （回ls）
I really hope that is a joke.
我希望這只是個笑話。（對第一張龍圖）
My nephew was a big fan of the Avatar: The Last Airbender series during its original run. One thing I found interesting about the show was the mix between western and eastern cultures. The originators of firebending were Chinese dragons with wings. I thought the concept was funny because Chinese dragons are associated with rain. I had to explain to my nephew that Chinese dragons do not have wings, they fly on clouds. However, I later learned I was wrong. The 2,000 year old Guideways through Mountains and Seas (Shan Hai Jing) has an entry on winged-dragons:
我侄子是《降世神通：最後的氣宗》的粉絲，現在我可鬧明白了，原來動畫裡所展示的是糅雜了西方和東方的文化啊。振火術的發明者是中國的龍，但卻長著翅膀。沒想到中國龍居然是和水聯繫著的，這也太喜感了…看來我得告訴我侄子中國龍不長翅膀，而且在雲層裡穿行了。不過後來我發現我又錯了。在中國2000年前的古書山海經裡（原文Guideways through Mountains and Seas）就有一條長著翅膀的龍。振火術：片中火烈王國佔據西方世界的火山群島上，其人身負「振火術」
(Firebending) mingming 美國
I found out something very interesting today. Dragons in China was the symbol of the emperor. Only the emperor and his family were allowed to wear or own anything with dragons on it. However during the Ming dynasty, dragons that didn't belong to the emperor were "demoted". Which means the dragons of imperial princes all had their fifth claw removed.
我剛才找到了一些很有意思的資料。在中國，龍是皇帝的象徵，只有皇帝和他的家人才能穿或使用帶龍的東西。但明朝是個特例，那時除皇帝本人以外，其餘人所使用的「龍」都要被「降級」。也就是說，所有的王子諸侯都要把自己的龍的第五根指頭拔掉。
Edgewaters 加拿大
Misconception here. The Western dragon has only recently become a particular shape of beast, that being a big lizard that flies with wings, of the sort you might see in pulp fantasy art. In medi times, "dragon" could refer to things of many different shapes, including both lizard-like dragons and serpentine dragons; that is to say, the snake-like dragon is hardly unknown in Western mythology. Examples:
各位不要弄錯了。西方的龍直到最近才有了固定的形態，也就是你們在低級魔幻製品上常常能看到的那種長著大翅膀的大蜥蜴。在中世紀，「dragon」一個詞可以指代許多天差地別的東西，蜥蜴狀的龍、蛇形的龍都行；也就是說，西方還是有蛇形龍的。下面的圖就是例子：
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