反向遺傳學揭示新冠病毒呼吸道感染梯度變化
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/5/30 13:12:24
美國北卡羅來納大學Ralph S. Baric、Richard C. Boucher等研究人員,合作利用反向遺傳學揭示了新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)呼吸道感染梯度的變化。相關論文於2020年5月26日在線發表於《細胞》雜誌。
研究人員利用反向遺傳學系統生成了一個GFP報告基因病毒來探索SARS-CoV-2的發病機理,並利用螢光素酶報告病毒來證明了從SARS和COVID-19患者血清的有限交叉中和作用。
高靈敏度RNA原位定位表明,最高的ACE2表達在鼻部最高,在整個下呼吸道中的表達逐漸降低,同時在近端(高)和遠端(低)肺上皮培養物中出現了嚴重的SARS-CoV-2感染梯度。COVID-19屍檢的肺部研究確定了病灶,並與培養細胞數據一致,即SARS-CoV-2分別感染了氣道和肺泡區域的纖毛和2型肺細胞。
這些發現強調了鼻部對SARS-CoV-2的易感性,並可能隨後在SARS-CoV-2發病過程中將吸入的病毒播種到肺中。這些工具為研究病毒與宿主在保護性免疫、宿主易感性和病毒發病機理中的相互作用提供了基礎。
附:英文原文
Title: SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract
Author: Yixuan J. Hou 19,Kenichi Okuda 19,Caitlin E. Edwards 19,Scott H. Randell,Richard C. Boucher,Ralph S. Baric
Issue&Volume: 2020-05-20
Abstract: The mode of acquisition and causes for the variable clinical spectrum of COVID-19 remain unknown. We utilized a reverse genetics system to generate a GFP reporter virus to explore SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and a luciferase reporter virus to demonstrate sera collected from SARS and COVID-19 patients exhibited limited cross-CoV neutralization. High-sensitivity RNA in situ mapping revealed the highest ACE2 expression in the nose with decreasing expression throughout the lower respiratory tract, paralleled by a striking gradient of SARS-CoV-2 infection in proximal (high) vs distal (low) pulmonary epithelial cultures. COVID-19 autopsied lung studies identified focal disease and, congruent with culture data, SARS-CoV-2-infected ciliated and type 2 pneumocyte cells in airway and alveolar regions, respectively. These findings highlight the nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30675-9#
Cell:《細胞》,創刊於1974年。隸屬於細胞出版社,最新IF:36.216