Fred外刊筆記
全國大學生英語競賽特等獎
CATTI二級筆譯、二級口譯
說明
紅色- 生詞
藍色- 短語
綠色- 熟詞僻義
下劃線- 佳句背誦
對於高階的詞（指C1和C2級別的），我會標註出來
不知道C1, C2是什麼？自行掃碼了解
寫在前面
Fred說
（下面的文字可以滑動）
不知道大家有沒有遇到這個問題：單詞背也背了（有時背得還很辛苦），但就是用不出來（口語&寫作中）
其實解決方式也不難：
1.結合原文和大量例句看別人是怎麼用的（這個過程叫「輸入」）
p.s. 例句不要只看1個，否則自己還是學不到在【不同的語境中】該詞的用法，這也是我會一個單詞配好幾個例句的原因
2.自己造句（這個過程叫「輸出」），通過造句，你就「逼」自己不得不思考「我可以把這個詞用在哪呢？」「用的時候要注意什麼？」等等問題，你在【主動學習】，那以後在口語或寫作中，你當然就可以自然而然地用出來了，不需要在「用詞」上煩惱了，只需要focus在你口語/寫作的「內容」上，這才是口語/寫作的核心，所以，記得完成頁面底部的「趁熱打鐵」部分，要學就學透了，要學就追求高質量！
原文泛讀
澳大利亞的大火已經造成至少 24 人喪生，1400 多所房屋被毀，6 萬平方公裡的土地遭到破壞，對澳大利亞著名的野生動植物造成了慘重的損失。
據估計，可能有數以億計的動物已經死亡，其中許多是其他大陸上沒有的。
這場大火對其領導人和其他國家的領導人有何啟示？
讀外刊 · 看世界
In Australia's raging bushfires, a climate-change warning to its leaders—and ours
With more than 14 million acres in Australia blackened by bushfires, climate change is a glaring threat to Australians — and to the standing of their prime minister, Scott Morrison.
Distressed residents in fire-ravaged towns have rebuffed his handshakes and heckled his entourage([n.tu.rɑ]隨行人員). The nation’s capital, Canberra, rang in 2020 with the world’s worst air quality, causing airline cancellations and government office closures. Beach evacuations of stranded residents cornered between flames and sea now rank as Australia’s largest-ever peacetime maritime rescue operation.
U.S. firefighters feel kinship with their Australian brothers and sisters, and more than 100 have been dispatched to battle the blazes Down Under. While Americans are no strangers to wildfires, Washington would do well to note how Australia’s climate policies are entwined with this current crisis.
In 2000, an Australian parliamentary committee report acknowledged the country’s per capita carbon emissions were the highest in the world and highlighted the country’s acute climatic vulnerability[嚴重的氣候脆弱性]. A 2013 report by the Climate Council, an independent Australian nonprofit, pointed to the increasing likelihood of high fire danger weather due to spiking temperatures[氣溫升高], drought conditions and longer and more frequent heatwaves.
And in a November poll, 60% of Australians said they believed the country should be doing more to combat climate change.
But Australia’s reigning politicians have been deaf to these signals.
Greg Mullins, a former fire commissioner in the Australian state of New South Wales, recently told National Public Radio that the national government has been 「missing in action in terms of leadership」 and that Morrison 「does not have his finger on the pulse of the nation.」
Morrison gleefully wielded a fist-sized chunk of coal on the floor of Parliament in 2017. A year and a half later, his right-wing party — incensed over proposed legislation that would have instituted energy sector emissions targets — ousted his predecessor and made fossil-fuel-friendly Morrison head of state.
Australian journalist Hugh Riminton has lamented the coal lobby’s grip on Canberra, calling his country 「a burning nation led by cowards.」 Tasmanian novelist Richard Flanagan compared the rabid bushfires to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster — another environmental catastrophe that foretold the demise of the existing, untenable political order — and likened Morrison and his 「criminal course of inaction」 to the decadent and disconnected Roman emperor Nero, who is famously said to have played the fiddle while flames leveled most of ancient Rome.
These domestic denunciations([dnn.sie.()n]譴責，公開批評) square with the persistent criticism of Australia from its regional neighbors. Pacific island countries are markedly vulnerable to climate change on account of sea level rise, ecosystem collapse due to ocean acidification and coral bleaching, and saltwater contamination of freshwater wells.
Enele Sopoaga, former prime minister of Tuvalu in Polynesia, scoffed at Canberra’s highly publicized Pacific Step-Up diplomatic initiative, which offers generous infrastructure financing, a work-visa program and new undersea communications cables 「while you keep pouring your coal emissions into the atmosphere … and drowning my people into the water.」 An official in Palau, 600 miles east of the Philippines, called Australia an 「abusive spouse」 that provides aid for climate mitigation projects while refusing to adopt meaningful emissions reductions.
Prior to the annual conclave ([k.klev]秘密會議) of leaders at last year’s Pacific Islands Forum in Tuvalu, Rev. James Bhagwan pointedly reminded Australia’s prime minister that 「he is setting foot in a country that could soon be under water.」 The headline on his Sydney Morning Herald commentary said it all: 「A climate plea to Scott Morrison from a churchman of the Pacific’s sinking nations.」
「No leader who claims Christian morality can allow this conduct on their watch,」 Bhagwan wrote.
Present U.S. policy could benefit from such soul-searching. The White House’s abandonment of emissions targets — and combative legal action against states such as California that pursue their own fuel efficiency requirements or carbon cap-and-trade programs — demonstrate either complete obliviousness or categorical insensitivity to those affected by climate change.
For Morrison, the wrath of a traumatized Australian electorate([ilek.t()r.t]全體選民) may become evident at the ballot box. In the United States, legislators who acquiesce to how the Trump administration is undermining the 2015 Paris climate agreement and discouraging state-level climate initiatives could find themselves indicted during campaign season and punished at the polls for their dereliction and inaction.
Climate policy negligence will also undermine U.S. relations with Pacific island states.
Morrison’s 「utterly tone deaf」 defense of robust coal exports during the most recent Pacific Islands Forum meant Australia 「upset its friends, opened the door further to China[躺槍...], and trashed its global reputation,」 former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd wrote last fall.
American climate policy requires a course correction, or it’s only a matter of time until the U.S. is pilloried in the strategically essential Pacific, leaving an influence vacuum for opportunistic Beijing[躺槍+1]. China is all too happy to tout itself as one of the first countries to sign the Paris agreement and to reiterate its pledge of stabilizing its carbon emissions over the next decade.
A heart-wrenching([hɑtrent.]令人痛心的) image of a charred juvenile kangaroo trapped against barbed([bɑbd]帶刺的) wire captured the devastation of Australia’s bushfires and the bitterness of climate inaction. Distraught onlookers around the world took note. We can only hope that U.S. leaders did too.
詞彙卡片
1. glaring [ɡle.r] adj.
used to say that something bad is very obvious
（負面事物）十分顯眼的，易見的，明顯的
- glaring errors
扎眼的錯誤
- a glaring injustice
明顯的不公正
2. distressed [dstrest] adj. C1
upset or worried
煩亂的，焦慮的，憂慮的
- She was deeply distressed by the news of his death.
他的死訊讓她感到非常憂傷。
- My client is very distressed at the treatment she received from your officers.
我的委託人因受到你們官員的如此對待而極為痛苦。
- She was distressed to see he was crying.
看到他在哭，她很擔心。
3. rebuff [rbf] vt.
to refuse to accept a helpful suggestion or offer from someone, often by answering in an unfriendly way
粗暴回絕；生硬拒絕；斷然拒絕
- She rebuffed all suggestions that she should resign.
她斷然拒絕了所有勸她辭職的建議。
- He rebuffed all her suggestions.
他斷然拒絕了她所有的建議。
4.heckle [hek.()l] vi./vt.
to interrupt a public speech or performance with loud, unfriendly statements or questions
打斷；質問；（對…）起鬨
- A few angry locals started heckling (the speaker).
一些憤怒的當地人開始（對演說者）起鬨。
- He was booed and heckled throughout his speech.
他的演說自始至終都遭到喝倒彩起鬨。
5.corner vt.
to force a person or an animal into a place or situation from which they cannot easily escape
將（人或動物）逼入困境；使陷入絕境，使走投無路
- Once the police had cornered her in the basement, she gave herself up.
一旦警察把她困在地下室裡，她便束手就擒了。
註：
介紹一個習語：corner the market
If a company corners the market in a particular type of product, it is more successful than any other company at selling the product.
壟斷市場，控制市場
- They've more or less cornered the fast-food market - they're in every big city in the world.
他們幾乎壟斷了快餐市場——世界各大城市都有他們的分店。
6. entwined [ntwand] adj.
closely connected or unable to be separated
緊密結合的；不可分離的
- The fates of both countries seem somehow entwined.
這兩個國家的命運似乎是緊密相連的。
- As India gets richer, rural folk are becoming more entwined with the national economy.
印度變得越來越富，鄉下人和國家經濟的聯繫越來越緊密。
7.have/keep your finger on the pulseC2
to be/stay familiar with the most recent changes or improvements
了解最新形勢
- The situation changes daily, so you need to keep your finger on the pulse.
情況每天都在變，你要了解最新形勢。
8. wield [wild] vt. C2
to hold a weapon or tool and look as if you are going to use it
揮舞，握，抓著（武器或工具）
- She was confronted by a man wielding a knife.
她受到一名持刀男子的威脅。
註：介紹短語：wield influence, power, etc. C2
to have a lot of influence or power over other people
施加影響
- He still wields enormous influence in politics.
他在政壇仍然很有影響。
9. incense [nsens] vt.
to cause someone to be extremely angry
激怒，使大怒
- The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on class.
編輯說許多讀者會被我有關社會階層的文章激怒。
- I was so incensed by what he was saying I had to walk out.
我被他所說的話給激怒了，憤然離席。
10. lament [lment] vi./vt.
to express sadness and feeling sorry about something
對…感到悲痛，對…表示失望，痛惜
- The poem opens by lamenting (over) the death of a young man.
這首詩的開篇表達了對一位青年之死的惋惜之情。
- My grandmother, as usual, lamented the decline in moral standards in today's society.
和往常一樣，我奶奶對當今社會世風日下深感痛惜。
- The late lamented (= dead and remembered with love) Frank Giotto used to live here.
已故的受人愛戴的弗蘭克焦託曾在此居住。
11.compare... to... 和liken... to...意思相近，表示「將...比作...」
12. decadent [dek..d()nt] adj.
A decadent person or group has low moral standards.
（人或組織）腐朽的；頹廢的；墮落的
- a decadent society
腐朽的社會
- the decadent court surrounding the king
國王身邊腐朽的王室成員
- [humorous] Champagne and chocolates for breakfast - how decadent!
早餐喝香檳吃巧克力——真夠頹廢的！
13. fiddle [fd.()l] CN
a violin
小提琴
- to play the fiddle
拉小提琴
註：
傳說中羅馬城大火蔓延時尼祿還拉小提琴自娛，由此該詞作動詞時有個習語：fiddle while Rome burns
to enjoy yourself or continue working as normal and not give any attention to something important and unpleasant that is happening that you should be taking action to prevent
不管不問，漠不關心
- Environmentalists claimed governments were fiddling while Rome burned.
環保主義者稱政府漠不關心。
14. level vt.
to completely destroy a building or area
將…夷為平地，徹底摧毀
- The bombing levelled the village.
那次轟炸已將村莊夷為平地。
註：
介紹該詞的幾個常見動詞短語：
1. level sth against/at sb
to accuse someone in public of doing somethig wrong
公開譴責（某人），公開指責（某人）
- Criticism has been levelled at senior figures in the industry.
該行業的高層人物受到了公開譴責。
- Charges of corruption have been levelled against him.
有關腐敗的指控紛紛指向了他。
2. level off
If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the same level.
保持穩定（不再波動）
- House prices now seem to be levelling off after the steep rises of the last few years.
房價經過這幾年的飆升後目前似乎已趨於穩定。
- Unemployment rose to ten percent and then levelled off.
失業率在上升至10%後一直處於穩定狀態。
3. level with sb
to tell someone the truth about something
告知（某人）真相，對（某人）說真話
- I'll level with you - the salary's not particularly good, and there's little chance of promotion.
我實話跟你說——工資並不太高，也沒有多少晉升的機會。
4. level sth at sb
to aim something such as a weapon at someone
用…瞄準（某人）
- She picked up the gun and levelled it at me.
她拿起槍用槍口指著我。
5. level off/out
If an aircraft levels off/out, it starts to travel horizontally rather than going up or down.
水平飛行
- The jet levelled off at 10, 000 feet.
飛機在1萬英尺的高度水平飛行。
15. square (sth) with
to match or agree with something, or to think that one thing is acceptable together with another thing
（使）與…相符，（使）與…一致；符合
- Her story doesn't quite square with the evidence.
她的說法與證據不太吻合。
- I don't think I could spend that much money on a jacket - I couldn't square it with my conscience (= I would feel too guilty).
我覺得我不可能花那麼多錢買一件夾克——我會感到良心不安的。
16. scoff [skf] vi.
to laugh and speak about a person or idea in a way that shows that you think they are stupid or silly
嘲笑，譏笑
- The critics scoffed at his paintings.
批評家對他的畫作嗤之以鼻。
- Years ago people would have scoffed at the idea that cars would be built by robots.
多年前，人們會嘲笑讓機器人來製造汽車這種想法。
17.oblivious [blv.i.s] adj.
not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you
（尤指對周圍發生的事情）毫不在意的，毫無知覺的，未察覺的
- Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.
她專心於工作，對周圍的一切毫無知覺。
- The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.
市長似乎根本沒有意識到新法規可能帶來的後果。
註：
1.從例句中我們可以知道，該詞後面接介詞of/to
2.該詞一般不用來修飾名詞
3.名詞形式為obliviousness
18.categorical [kt.ɡr..k()l] adj.
without any doubt or possibility of being changed
確定無疑的，明確的
- a categorical statement/reply/assurance
明確的聲明／回復／保證
- Can you give us a categorical assurance that no jobs will be lost?
你能否明確向我們保證不會裁員？
19. wrath [rθ] UN
extreme anger
憤怒；憤慨
- The people feared the wrath of God.
人們害怕上帝發怒。
- He was scared of incurring his father's wrath.
他害怕惹他父親大怒。
註：
形容詞為wrathful
20.traumatize/traumatise [tr.m.taz] vt.
to shock and upset someone severely and for a long time
受到精神創傷
- She was completely traumatized by the death of her mother.
母親的死令她痛苦萬分。
註：
該詞常以被動形式出現
21.acquiesce [k.wies] vi.
to accept or agree to something, often unwillingly
默認；默許；默然同意
- Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans.
雖然很不情願，他還是默許了這個計劃。
- Oil companies have been accused of acquiescing in/to the pollution of the ocean.
石油公司被指控對海洋汙染的問題袖手旁觀。
22. indict [ndat] vt.
If a law court or a grand jury indicts someone, it accuses them officially of a crime.
控告，告發；起訴
- He was indicted on drug charges at Snaresbrook Crown Court.
在斯奈爾斯布魯克刑事法庭他被起訴犯有與毒品有關的罪行。
- [US] Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit currency.
5人因製售假鈔被起訴。
註：
注意該詞的發音哦，不要發成[ndkt]
23.negligence [neɡ.l.d()ns] UN C2
the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something
疏忽，過失
- medical negligence
醫療事故
- The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the driver.
事故是由於司機的過失造成的。
24.opportunistic [p..tuns.tk] adj.
using a situation to get power or an advantage
投機的；機會主義的
- He made an opportunistic grab for power, which resulted in a civil war.
他抓住一個機會奪了權，導致了內戰爆發。
- At half-time, United were leading with two opportunistic goals by Black.
上半場結束時，聯隊因布萊克打進兩個機會球而領先。
25. char [tɑ(r)] vt./vi.
to burn and become black or to burn something so that it becomes black
（把…）燒焦，燒黑
- Grill the peppers until the skin starts to char.
把辣椒烤到表皮發焦為止。
註：
1.該詞的分詞和過去式要雙寫r
2.charred即烤焦的；焦黑的
- charred meat
烤焦的肉
- The charred body of a man was found by police in a burnt-out car last night.
警方昨晚在一輛燒毀的汽車裡發現了一具燒焦的男屍。
26. distraught [dstrt] adj.
extremely worried, nervous, or upset
極其不安的，非常焦慮的
- The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV.
失蹤兒童的父母極為焦慮，在電視上懇請大家提供相關消息。
- Relatives are tonight comforting the distraught parents.
親戚們今晚都在安慰這對憂心如焚的父母。
27. take note (of sth) C1
to give attention (to something, especially because it is important)
關注，留意（尤指重要之事）
- You should take careful note of what she tells you because she knows their strategy well.
你應該仔細留意她對你說的話，因為她對他們的策略了如指掌。
語法/長難句分析
Enele Sopoaga, former prime minister of Tuvalu in Polynesia, scoffed at Canberra’s highly publicized Pacific Step-Up diplomatic initiative, whichoffers generous infrastructure financing, a work-visa program and new undersea communications cables 「while you keep pouring your coal emissions into the atmosphere … and drowning my people into the water.」
自己先試著分析：
加粗部分是什麼？
加粗部分：
1. former prime minister of Tuvalu in Polynesia是Enele Sopoaga的同位語，表明其身份
2. , which... 引導非限制性定語從句，起到補充信息的作用，which指代initiative，在從句中作主語
The White House’s abandonment of emissions targets — and combative legal action against states such as California thatpursue their own fuel efficiency requirements or carbon cap-and-trade programs — demonstrate either complete obliviousness or categorical insensitivity to those affected by climate change.
自己先試著分析：
1. 該句的主語、謂語分別是誰？
2. 加粗成分是什麼？
主語：
The White House's abandonment of emissions targets and combative legal action against states such as California
謂語：
demonstrate
加粗成分：
1. that...是定語從句修飾states，that指代states，在從句中作主語（有同學可能覺得that指代的是California，要注意，如果是這樣的話，that後的動詞pursue後應該加s了）
2. affected by...是過去分詞作後置定語修飾those
趁熱打鐵
任選上面27個詞/文中劃線部分中的1個造句，下方評論告訴我，會一一回復噠～
Fred英語筆記
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